The production of IL-2 by peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) was compared with that of healthy controls. Patients with AS and RA showed a significant overproduction of IL-2.Membrane-bound IL-2 receptor was recognized by monoclonal anti-Tac antibody by using a flow cytometry. There was a marked increase of IL-2 receptor in patients with RA, while the level of IL-2 receptor in patients with AS was comparable to that of normal controls. The results suggested that there was obvious abnormalities of membrane-bound IL-2 receptor expressing and production of IL-2 in patients with AS and.RA which may contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a serious infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Increasing cases of HIV infection have been detected in adolescents. Intravenous drug abuse and sexual behavior, which are affected by various individual and environmental factors, are the major ways of HIV infection. The current situation and influential factors of HIV infection in adolescents are introduced in this paper.

Objective To discuss the feasibility of alternant indwelling trocar in bilateral axillary veins to replace the PICC in NICU, and then low down the medical cost for patients when guarantee the safe of treatment. Methods Results Divided 40 premature infants and intensive care infants into control and experimental group randomly, there were 20 infants in each group. Alternant indwelling trocar in bilateral axillary veins was used in the experimental group, the PICC was used in the control group. Compared the clinical effects and the medical costs in the 2 groups. Results The method of alternant indwelling trocar in bilateral axillary veins could reach the satisfactory clinical effects with lower medical costs than PICC. Conclusion Using alternant indwelling trocar in bilateral axillary veins to replace the PICC is safe and feasible. [

30 mm Hg) was diagnosed with Doppler echocardiography in 28 patients with SSc.Twenty patients have isolated PHT,while 8 patients were of secondary PHT which was due to severe pulmonary fibrosis.The levels of albumin, ? globulin ,IgA,IgG and CRP in serum of patients with PHT were significantly higher than those without PHT ( P

Objective To investigate the role of chemokine in inducing peripheral arthritis in spondyloarthropathy(SpA).Methods Microarray was used to screen the candidates of inducing peripheral arthritis in SpA,and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to verify the results.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)from 5 healthy subjects were co-incubated 1.5 hours with synovial fluid of 5 patients with SpA,total RNA were then extracted,and the samples were screened for the target genes by using superarray techniques.ELISA was used to determine CXCL1 protein levels of 54 ankylosing spondylitis(AS)patients and 30 healthy controls,also to determine the CXCL1 levels of synovial fluids from 33 SpA patients and 14 osteoarthritis(OA)patients,and to determine CXCL1 protein levels by ELISA before and after treatment with infliximab.Results The expression of CXCL1,CXCL2,CXCL3 and IL-8 were more than 2 fold higher after stimulated by synovial fluids.However,there was no change in other chemokines and cytokines,such as TNF?,IL-6 and IL-1 after stimulation.The protein level of CXCL1 was significant higher in serum of patients with AS than that of healthy control(P

Objective To investigate the role of IP-10 in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods The peripheral blood monocytic cells (PBMC) were collected from 39 AS patients, and the mRNA expression of IP-10, IFN-? and IL-4 were measured by semi-quantitive RT-PCR with G3PDH as the internal control. Results The mRNA expression levels of IP-10, IFN-? and IL-4 as well as the rate of IFN-?/IL-4 were elevated in the PBMC of AS patients compared with the healthy controls (P

Objective To determine the protein levels of receptor activator of NF ?B ligand (RANKL) in synovial tissues obtained from ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients, and compare the expression level and distribution of RANKL protein in AS with that in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA) and normal synovial tissues, in order to define the role of RANKL expressions in the pathogenesis of arthritis and bone destruction in AS. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using monoclonal antibodies to determine RANKL expression in 13 AS, 16 RA, 17 OA patients and 6 healthy controls. The protein levels of RANKL in labeled synovial tissue sections were quantified by digital image analysis and semiquantitative analysis to compare the expression of RANKL in positve cells among different patient groups and normal subjects. In addition, RANKL expression was correlated with certain inflammatory indices (including ESR, CRP, blood platelet count) and radiological stage of involved joints, respectively. Results Positive staining of RANKL was seen respectively in all 13 AS patients and 16 patients with RA, and the positive expression was distributed predominantly in the synovial lining layer and at synovium cartilage junctions. There was no significant difference between levels of RANKL expression in tissues from patients with AS and in tissues from RA. No positive staining of RANKL was observed in 6 normal subjects and all OA patients. Positive correlation was found between RANKL protein expression and X ray stage of bone destruction of involved joints in the patients with AS and RA ( r =0 73,0 41, P =0 003,0 021 respectively). Conclusions RANKL plays an important role in the pathogenesis of bone destruction in patients with AS, and its elevated expression level may reflect the degree of bone destruction of peripheral joints in AS patients. Since similar patterns of RANKL expression are found in synovial tissues from AS and RA patients, therefore, we conclude that the pathogenesis of bone destruction in AS may be similar to that in RA

Objective To compare expression and distribution of CD68 protein and TRAP positive protein in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), and normal synovial tissues to study the differentiation of osteoclast in synovial tissues obtained from AS patients and its role in the pathogenesis of bone destruction in AS. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using CD68 monoclonal antibody to detect CD68 expression, and the distribution of TRAP positive cells in the synovial tissues was examined by enzyme histochemistry in 13 AS, 16 RA, 17 OA patients and 6 healthy controls. The above two variables were quantified in the labeled sections by digital image analysis and semiquantitative analysis to compare the expression of CD68 positive cells in different patient groups and normal subjects. Results Positive CD68 staining was seen in synovial cells from all the patients with AS, RA, OA and normal subjects, and the expression levels of CD68 from patients with AS and RA were higher than those from OA patients and healthy subjects. The CD68 positive cells were abundant mainly in lining layer. In areas where elevated RANKL expression levels were present, the number of TRAP positive cells was found significantly increased in AS and RA synovium. TRAP positive cells were rarely observed in synovium from OA patients and normal controls. There was positive correlation between the number of TRAP positive cells and the RANKL expression (r=0.442, P=0.043) in RA patients. Conclusions An obvious increase in the number of CD68 positive cells and TRAP positive cells in synovium may provide a main source of osteoclastogenesis in AS patients. The up-regulation of activity and quantity of osteoclast may have an important role in peripheral articular destruction in patients with AS.

Objective To investigate the characters of TCM syndromes of HIV/AIDS patients by intraveneous drug. Method Based on the TCM theories,related literature and experts' experience,the questionnaire was compiled and revised,170 patients were investigated one by one,and the data was analysed. Result The frequency lines in turn:spleen qi deficiency,liver depression with qi stagnation,kidney yin deficiency,phlegm-heat congestion of lung,disharmony of liver and stomach,lung qi deficiency,kidney deficiency of both yin and yang,qi deficiency,phlegm-damp congestion of lung,liver fire,heart yin deficiency. The excess syndromes lies in the liver and the lung. The deficiency syndromes lies in kidney,spleen and stomach,and lung. Conclusions The frequent syndromes in the study distinguished from the other congener study. It may be caused by many different contribution factors of patients and researchers.

The important difference between post-graduate and undergraduate education is to train their reseach ability,which is very important especially to the post-graduate students of basic medicine who will be researchers.The problem in training research ability of post-graduate was studied in this paper and solution plan was put forward.