Nuclear receptor transcription factors are ligand-activated proteins that control various biological events from cell growth and development to lipid metabolism, and energy and glucose homeostasis. Nuclear receptors are important drug targets for metabolic diseases. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are nuclear receptor transcription factors that play essential roles in regulation of cholesterol, triglyceride, fatty acid, and glucose homeostasis. LXR-deficient mice have shown the association of LXR-signaling pathway dysfunction with several human pathologies including atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Thus, LXRs are promising pharmacological targets for these diseases. Synthetic LXR agonists may lower cholesterol, but increase triglyceride and induce fatty liver. The naturally occurring LXR ligands, with moderate activity, may serve as nutraceuticals for prevention or treatment of the disorders, while minimizing potential side effects. In this review, recent advances in natural LXR modulators are summarized including agonist, antagonist and the modulator of LXR pathway.

Purpose:To evaluate the efficacy of NP regimen (NVB and DDP) in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods:48 patients with advanced NSCLC were treated by NP regimen. All of them had stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ disease (22 of them were primary treatment, the others were subsequent treatment). The chemotherapy dosage of NVB was 25 mg/m2 iv. d1,5, That of DDP was 35 mg/m2 iv d1,3.Results:The overall response rate (RR) was 50%, medium response time 5.5 months, medium survival time 11 months. The RR of 22 patients with primary treatment was 63.6%. The other patients after multiple course therapy 38.5%. The major adverse effects were myelosuppression and vein inflammation drug infusion through deep vein could avoid the vein inflammation. Conclusions:Authors suggest that NP regimen is effective therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer and deserves further clinical observation.

Purpose:To investigate clinical effects and side reactions of advanced NSCLC by combined chemotherapy base on gemcitabine. Methods:36 cases of advanced NSCLC were divided into two groups: Group 1, 20 cases were treated by gemcitabine 1.6 g at d1,d8,d15 and 80mg/m 2 DDP at d1; Group 2,16 cases were treaded by gemcitabine 1.6 g and paclitaxel 60 mg at d1,d8,d15.Both groups were repeated every 4 weeks and clinical effects were evaluated after 3 cycles.Results:CR 1 case, PR 17 cases, SD 16 cases, PD 2 cases and CR+PR 18 cases (response rate 50 0%) in 36 cases observed. In 20 cases primary treatments:CR+PR 11cases (response rate 55 0%);In 16 cases re-treatments: CR+ PR 7 cases (response rate 43.75%); In 15 cases of advanced NSCLC re-treated by gemcitabine combined with paclitaxel: CR+PR 7 cases (response rate 46.7%). Side reaction: most cases showed bone marrow suppression and symptoms of gastrointestinal side-effects, which included 12 cases of Ⅲ-Ⅳ grades leukocytopenia (33.3%),7 cases of Ⅱ-Ⅲ grades soterocytopenia (19.4%),8 cases of Ⅲ-Ⅳ grades symptoms of gastrointestinal side-effects (22.2%),2 cases of Ⅱ grades abnormal liver function.Conclusions:Better clinical effects have been achieved in the therapy of advanced NSCLC by combined methods based on gemcitabine and side-reactions are tolerable;Nice effects were obtained in the re-treatment of NSCLC by gemcitabine combined with paclitaxel.It is valuable to investigate its Clinical effects more deeply.

For a long time, people have different ideas about whether asthmatic children can participating in sports as others and how to exercise they need. As restricted by the possibility that exercise may induce asthma, the level of asthmatic children' s exercise is lower than their classmates. Research in recent years in abroad have showed that exercise is not only helpful to children's growth and development psycho`gicat health,but also helpful to asthmatic children's sympton control, reducing asthma exacerbation, reducing medication use and impoving their quality of life, and asthmatic children can exercise safely as long as been managed appropriatly. Scholars have paied more and more attention to the importance of exercise in children asthma' s management, and exercise prescription had been recommended as an important part of children asthma' s management in abroad.

Objective: To establish a method for the determination of ketoconazole and miconazole nitrate in compound ketocon-azole gels. Methods:An HPLC method was developed. A Hypersil BDS C18 column(416 mm × 200 mm,5μm) was used, the mobile phases consisted of 0. 5% ammonium acetate solution-methanol(containing 0. 2% triethanolamine) (20∶80), the flow rate was 1. 0 ml ·min-1 , the detection wavelength was set at 230nm, the column temperature was 30℃ and the injection volume was 20μl. Results:There was a good linear correlation within the range of 5. 1-510. 0 mg·L-1 for ketoconazole (r=0. 999 9) and 50. 0-500. 0 mg·L-1 for miconazole nitrate (r=0. 999 9), the average recovery for ketoconazole and miconazole nitrate was 100. 3%(RSD=0. 38%, n=6) and 99. 9%(RSD=0. 79%, n=6), respectively. Conclusion:The method is simple, rapid, accurate and sensitive, and can pro-vide a method for controlling the quality of compound ketoconazole gels.

Objective To investigate total serum homocysteine (tHcy) concentration in ischemic stroke patients and in carotid atherosclerosis patients in comparison with normal con trol elders and to evaluate whether providing folate and vitamin B 12 coul d decrease serum homocysteine concentration. Methods The sampl e in this study was obtained from the inpatients and outpatients of geriatric d epartment, Huashan Hospital. 160 patients were recruited and were divided int o two groups with smoking controlled. Thyroid gland abnormality and renal f a i lure were excluded. One group consisted of 71 male and 9 female ischemic strok e patients aged 73 years on average;There were 71 male, 9 female carotid ather osclerosis disease patients, aged 7 years on average in the second group. H y pertension and mellitus diabetes were controlled to avoid the influence of the f actors in these patients; the third group consisted of 72 male and 8 female norm al control elders, aged 71 years on average. Besides fast serum total homocyst e ine, every patient took laboratory and physical examinations,including plasma fo liate, vitamin B 12, free plasma glucose, creatinine, cholesterol, triglyce ride, blood pressure and blood mass index. Then each group was randomly subdivided in t o two groups in which one group was provided with folate 1.25 mg qod, and vitam in B 12 8?g qd w hile the other was not provited with folate and vitaminB 12. These patient s were reexamined after 10 months. Results The serum tHcy concentration was (16.1 ?5.3) ?mol/L in ischemic stroke group and (14.2?4.72) ?mol/L in caroti d athero sclerosis group compared with (12.5?3.0) ?mol/L in normal control elders ( P=0.000 1). The plasma foliate was low in ischemic stroke and carotid athe rosclerosis patients, and there were no significantly statistics dif ferences in the other examinations.Correlation analysis showed that tHcy was ne gatively correlated with foliate and vitamin B 12, r=-0.392,-0.36 r e spectively i n ischemic stroke group, r=-0.287,-0.339 respectively in carotid ath eroscleros is group, and r=-0.338,-0.227 in normal control group. The tHcy concent ration was lower in the groups provided with foliate and vitamin B 12 than that in the g roups without foliate and vitamin B 12 (P=0.000 1), even in the normal elders. Conclusions The tHcy concentration was higher in the patients with ischemic st roke and with carotid atherosclerosis. Folate supplement could moderately lowe r tHcy.

Chondroblastoma of the patella, rare occurred in patellar,is a kind of an uncommon benign bone tumor. Compared with giant cell tumor, the morbidity of chondroblastoma is lower. Meanwhile, its clinical manifestations are various, and images are very complicated. Therefore, the understanding of this kind of tumors may be limited even to the orthopedist. The differences of patellar chondroblastoma between other tumor in X-ray, CT and MRI is a spot in recent years. Sometimes patellar chondroblastoma coexists with aneurysmal bone cyst, which is a challenge to obtain an accurate pathological and radiological diagnosis. For the treatment, curettage and bone grafting is one the most popular method, but whether to perform a biopsy before surgery still remain controversy. Some new technique still has an unknown prospect for the treatment such as radiofrequency ablation.
Bone Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Chondroblastoma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Patella ; surgery

The teaching model in classroom is a popular process of language communication between teachers and students.There is a paradox phenomenon in asking and interlocution due to tergiversalion ofthe original intention ofthe teaching.So,it is an important thing that the teaching model should be transferred from asking to interlocution to establish equal right,enhance understanding and decrease undesirable manners.

In order to to be a outstanding doctor must have the six elements:theory, practice, moral quality, psychological quality, developing quality and communication quality. To cultivate outstanding physicians are de-signed, on the ability of accommodation;A sound personality and good professional ethics;Unity, is the ability to obtain from the following several aspects:reform the traditional education teaching system, establishing the special general education management organization, set up a scientific system of general education courses, makes the strong ability of general education teachers and building with students as the core of teaching methods.

During the treatment of pediatric tumor,vincristine is one of the most widely used and most effective drugs. However,the adverse reactions have limited its clinical application. In recent years,studies have found that the metabolism of vincristine are different in different races and different individuals,and co-ad-ministration with certain drugs such as imidazoles antifungal drugs may enhance its adverse reaction. Resear-ches on new drug delivery system provide a new idea for reducing the adverse reactions of vincristine and impro-ving its bioavailability.