Glutathione ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lipoxygenase ; metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Xenobiotics ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the predictive value of spontaneous cough in extubation patients with craniocerebral in‐jury in ICU .Methods Totally 78 cases of patients with severe craniocerebral injury in ICU was divided into successful exbuation group (53 cases) and failing exbuation group (25 cases) according to the exbuation outcome .With the permission of patients ,the general clinical data ,glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores and spontaneous cough of patients were recorded .Results There were 53 cases suceed ;25 cases of patients failing in exbuation ,accounting for 32 .05% .There were no significant difference between ages , gender ,medical history ,hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) ,disease kind between two groups (P> 0 .05) ,while had significant difference between smoking ,body mass index (BMI)、GCS scores and spontaneous cough of two groups (P<0 .05) .No significant difference was found between the conventional exbuation parameter of two groups (P> 0 .05) .Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis showed that ,GCS scoresarea under the curve (AUC) was 0 .822 ,BMI AUC was 0 .674 ,spontaneous cough AUC was 0 .914 ,and smoking AUC was 0 .856 .Conclusion Smoking ,BMI and GCS scores and spontaneous cough times were all meaningful indices for evaluating exbuation of patients with craniocerebral injury in ICU ,in which spontaneous cough times was an important predictive factor and the most accurate one .

TG2/tTG (tissue transglutaminase) as a multifunctional enzyme is involved in NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) and FAK (focal adhesion kinase )/PI3K (phosphatidylinositol3 kinase)/AKT (protein kinase B) pathways to maintain the growth and long-term survival of tumor cells and is also a key regulator of crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy in the processes of tumorigenesis and progression. TG2 induces adhesion by interacting with extracellular matrix and mediates EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) to promote tumor invasion and metastasis. EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) regulating the signaling pathway of invasion and metastasis also depend on TG2. This review focuses on the role of TG2 in development, progression, invasion and migration of tumors and the related mechanism, aiming to provide valuable information to develop a new anti-cancer therapeutic strategy. Copyright © 2013 by TUMOR.

Based on a typical medical record from Treatise on Febrile Diseases, Synopsis of Golden Chamber and Warm Diseases Theory Comprehensive Practical Training Course, this article set group discussion as clues, and analyzed the connection and differences of etiology and pathogenesis by combining febrile diseases, golden chamber, and warm diseases. It emphasized the establishment of clinical thinking in medical records and divergent thinking extended from clinical thinking. Through the analysis of the typical medical record, this article hoped to provide references for the comprehensive study and application of febrile diseases, golden chamber, and warm diseases.

Protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3) is a member of protein disulphide isomerase family and widely exists in endoplasmic reticulum, cell surface, nucleus and mitochondria.PDIA3 promotes the glycoprotein folding and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum and is also a key molecular of major histocompatibility complex class I mol-ecules assembly.In addition, PDIA3 is involved in the cell signal transduction and plays an important role in a variety of disease development.Therefore, this paper talks about the function of PDIA3, the relationship between disease and PDIA3 as well as its clinical outlook.

Recently, stem cell like side population (SP) cells have been found in many normal organizations and malig?nant tumors, which have the proficiency of differentiation and self-renewal. These cells play an important role in cancer stem cell research, though they occupy a low proportion in total cells. Here, we reviewed the foundation of SP cells, and their rela?tionship with stem cells, and the clinical application in the future.

External therapy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is a common method in clinic of TCM.External therapy for internal disease is one of the characteristics of TCM treatment.Both traditional medicine and modern research had discovered that the aromatics produced an obvious effectiveness in external therapy.Percutaneous absorption is also a characteristic of Chinese medicine,the aromatic herb can promote the percutaneous absorption,and there are many methods of using aromatic herb in treating internal disease with external theropy.This article was a review on the theoretical basis and the clinical practice of aromatic herb.

As one of the serious complications of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy( DR) has become a main eye disease which causes blindness. The occurrence and development of DR is related to many factors. The pathogenesis is complicated, and the mechanism has not been clear. Early data suggest that the occurrence and development of DR has relations with many factors such as blood sugar level, diabetes duration and the environment. Among the factors, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress is the important mechanisms of DR and has become research focus in recent years. Consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction within cells include elevation of the rate of reactive oxygen species( ROS) production due to damage of electron transport chain proteins, mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) damage, and loss of metabolic capacity. Clear understanding on the mechanism of mitochondrial functional change under high sugar level and oxidative stress response in the occurrence and development of DR is of great significance on prevention and cure of DR. ln this article, the development of mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress of DR is reviewed.

BACKGROUND:Stem cel transplantation is a promising treatment for advanced liver diseases, and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels are a hot topic folowing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels. OBJECTIVE:To explore the therapeutic effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels transplantationvia the hepatic artery on advanced liver diseases in rats. METHODS:Forty-five rats were randomized into three groups, 15 rats in each group: control group, model group and transplantation group. Rat models of liver cirrhosis were made in the latter two groups through subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride. Then, 1 mL of CFSE-labeled adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels was infusedvia the hepatic artery in the transplantation group, and the same volume of normal saline was infused in the model group. Control group had no treatment. Pathological changes, liver function and degree of hepatic fibrosis were observed in the three groups at 4 weeks after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After transplantation, green fluorescence-labeled adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels were seen in the liver of rats. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining showed unclear hepatic lobule structure in the model group with the formation of false lobules, cel cloudy sweling and loose, some degeneration and necrosis, and inflammatory cel infiltration; in the control group, there was nothing abnormal in the liver tissues of rats in the control group; in the transplantation group, the pathological changes of the rat liver were better than those in the model group, but worse than those in the control group. Compared with the model group, the level of serum albumin was higher in the control and transplantation group (P < 0.05), and the levels of bilirubin, aminotransferase and type IV colagen were lower in the control and transplantation group (P < 0.05). Thus, it can be seen that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cel transplantation can improve liver function and reduce liver fibrosis in cirrhotic rats.

Objective To explore the impacts of 75％ low-protein diet intake during gestation on fetal growth restriction (FGR) rat model establishment.Methods Thirty-eight pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were included into the study.At first,five pregnant rats were fed with sufficient normal diet with protein content of 22％.Their daily food consumption was recorded and taken as the basis to determine daily feed consumption of 75％ low-protein group (protein content 9.2％).In order to ensure that each group finally had at least ten pregnant rats to deliver,there were 11 rats assigned to the control group (pregnant rats fed with sufficient normal diet,protein content was 22％),13 to the low-protein group (pregnant rats fed with low protein diet,protein content was 9.2％,but the food consumption was the same as control group) and 14 to the 75％ lowprotein group (pregnant rats fed with low-protein diet,protein content was 9.2％,the food consumption was 75％ of the control group).All female rats were fed with sufficient normal diet after delivery.The body weight,overall weight gain during gestation,the mortality rate and the non-delivery rate of pregnant rats were compared.The third day's newborn weight after birth,FGR incidence and the mortality rate within three days after birth of newborns were also compared.One way analysis of variance,LSD-t test,independent sample t-test and Chisquare test were used as statistical methods.Results (1) The body weight of pregnant rats:There was no significant difference in body weight among the three groups at gestational day 0,3 and 6.On day 9,body weight of 75％ low-protein group [(271.9±8.4) g] and low-protein group [(274.1 ±7.8) g] were significantly lower than that of the control group [(287.2± 18.7) g] (t=2.514 and 2.170,both P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between the former two groups.On Day 12,body weight of 75％ low-protein group [(275.7 ± 10.7) g] and low protein group [(285.1 ± 12.5) g] were significantly lower than that of the control group [(306.4±29.7) g] (t=3.262 and 2.218,both P＜0.05),and the difference between the former two groups was also statistically significant (t=2.098,P＜0.05).Before delivery,body weight of 75％ low-protein group,low protein group and control group were (300.4±14.1) g,(317.0±16.3) g and (372.9±19.1) g,respectively with statisticall significance (F=64.219,P＜0.05).The overall weight gain during pregnancy for 75％low-protein group,low-protein group and control group was (61.6± 19.8) g,(81.8±21.6) g and (139.3± 12.0) g,respectively.The difference among the three groups was statistically significant (F=55.863,P＜0.05).(2) The mortality rates of pregnant rats for 75％ low-protein group,low-protein group and control group were 3/14,2/13 and 1/11 respectively without significant difference (P＞0.05).Neither was the non-delivery rate within 30 days (embryonic resorption) for the three groups (1/14,1/13,0/11,P＞0.05).(3) The numbers of pups were 101 in 75％ low-protein group,104 in low-protein group and 107 in control group.The newborn mortality rate within three days after birth was 28.7％ (29/101) in 75％ tow-protein group and 23.0％ (24/104)in low-protein group,with were significantly higher than that of the control group (7.5％,8/107) (x2=16.022and 9.976,both P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between groups.The third day's newborn weight after birth for 75％ low-protein group,low-protein group and control group were (6.3 ±0.8) g,(6.9±0.9) g and (8.1 ±0.9) g,the difference was statistically significant (F=90.602,P＜0.05).FGR incidence for 75％ low-protein group was 55.6％ (40/72),which was significantly higher than that of the low-protein group (28.8％,23/80) and the control group (5.0％,5/99) (x2=11.220,54.834 and 18.833 all P＜0.05).Conclusion 75％ low-protein diet feeding during pregnancy is an ideal method to induce FGR rat model with high FGR incidence,whereas and low mortality rates of pregnant rats,the fetuses and newborns.