Private Hospitals are lawful medical institutions which are responsible for their own management decisions,profits and losses.They aim at making profits but also pay much attention to the unification of social benefit and economic benefit.Taking the Shanghai Private Hospitals as an example,by data collection,questionnaire survey and interviews from general public and hospital administrators,it is concluded the overall development of Shanghai Private Hospitals is far from satisfaction.Private Hospitals must define their medical concepts and market orientation for long-term development,and strengthen the monitoring system and attain public′s trust for their healthy development.Since China has a huge demand for medical service,private hospitals will surely have a bright future as long as capturing the market and holding the faith of "serving for patients,and benefiting the society".

This article outlines the arising, the research content, the related ethical issues and the future de-velopment of public health ethics. The related ethical issues contains the ethical issues of disease prevention and control, the ethical issues in group unit, the ethical issues in public health policy-making, the ethical issues un-der the influence of biological science, and ethics review issues related with the thinking methoods namely moderate diversity, avoiding the socialism and in a relationship. The last, the article points out the human subjects in bio-medical researches.

Based on the ICF framework and functional vision theories, some elements of an evaluation system for visually impaired children were extracted, including body structure and function, activities and participation, and environmental factors.

Medical staff's recognization of medical model will make important influence to the whole medical undertakings. The anthor has survevyed some medical staff who are from two triple hospitals,six second hospitals and eight grass-roos hospitals in Shanghai district, about modern medical model.Through analynzing and discussing,the anthor proposed some positive countermeasures to improve medical staff's conciouness of modern medical medel and adapt to its tranformation.

Objective To investigate uncertainty in illness of family members of patients with malignant tumor,to explore the factors that affect uncertainty in illness of family members of patients with malignant tumor,and to provide clinical basis for clinical doctors and nurses implementing effective interventions for their patients.Methods Questionnaires were conduted to investigate uncertainty in illness of family members of patients with malignant tumor and explore the related factors.The measurements included three parts,Chinese version of Mishel uncertainty in illness scale for family member,self-designed questionnaire about family general condition,patients disease information.Results The total score of uncertainty in illness was 82.71±9.93,more than 50 ％ (75 score) of the highest PPUS-FM score.There were statistical significances of uncertainty in illness in education (F =8.06,P ＜ 0.05),family income (F=3.14,P ＜ 0.05),residence place (F =3.99,P ＜ 0.05) and frequency of hospitalization (F =4.85,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Family members of patients with malignant tumor have a higher level of uncertainty in illness.Education,family income,residence place and frequency of hospitalization have a certain effect on uncertainty in illness of family members of patients with malignant tumor.

Objective Explore the effect lactobacillus on allergic rhinitis (AR) rat serum Il-4 ,Il-5 ,IFN-γ concentration and the influence of immune markers .Methods SD rat 60 were randomly divided into 4 groups ,each group of 10 only .Lactic acid bacteria group every day with lactobacillus living bacterium preparations irrigation stomach 3 weeks ,establish rats LuanBai protein sensitiza-tion model ,positive drug control group irrigation stomach loratadine ;Another 20 rats used for passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) ,inspection in the rat model preparation and treatment .Determination test group rats serum IL-4 ,IL-5 ,IFN-γ,the content of Eos in nasal secretion was detection .Results Model group IL-4 ,IL-5 content was significantly higher than normal control group (P<0 .05) ,IFN-γlevels were low ,lower than the normal control group(P<0 .05) .Lactic acid bacteria group IL-4 ,IL-5 content were significantly lower than the model group(P<0 .05) ,IFN-γcontent increased ,higher than the model group(P<0 .05) .The in-dex of lactobacillus group with positive drug compared difference was statistically significant .Conclusion Lactic acid bacteria can cut AR rats serum IL-4 ,IL-5 level ,increase IFN-γlevel ,adjust Th1/Th2 lymphocyte subsets balance ,reduce nasal mucosa allergic inflammation .

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the thoughts and ways of clinical pharmacist in nephrology department to review medi-cal orders,and to provide reference for rational drug use in nephrology department. METHODS:Based on specific cases of nephrolo-gy department,the thoughts and ways of clinical pharmacist in nephrology department to review medical orders were investigated from several aspects,including whether the therapeutic drugs had covered all the problems,drug duplication,drug selection,usage and dosage and course of treatments,drug interaction and compatibility. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:By establishing rigorous and systematic review thinking mode,based on their professional specialty,clinical pharmacists of nephrology department can sort the reviewing thought,fill in the gaps of medical orders reviewing and enhance the ability of participating in the clinical practice.

Objective:To study the relationship between genetic diversity within S.mutans and dental caries.Methods:Isolates of S.mutans were obtained from 10 caries active children and their mothers,and were originally isolated on mitis-salivarious-bacitracin agar.A total of 800 isolates were biochemically confirmed as S.mutans.Chromosomal DNA was extracted from those isolates with an extraction kit.By AP-PCR,the genetic diversities of S.mutans were examined respectively in 10 caries active children,10 caries-free children,and their mothers.DNA fingerprints were obtained by electrophoresis on 15 g/L agarose gel and analyzed for genotypics similarities.Results:The number of distinct genotypes of S.mutans harbored in caries active children were,on average,greater than that presented in children without caries(P

Background and purpose:Norcantharidin(NCTD)can inhibit the growth of tumors.In this study,we presented the chorioallantoci membrane(CAM)model to evaluate the effect of NTCD on angiogenesis and to study the anti-angiogenesis of NTCD in the chicken embro implant model of human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells.Methods:The method was based on the implantation of gelatin sponges on top of growing CAM.The sponges were treated with various amounts of NCTD and 0.9% NaCl.Blood vessels surrounding CAM mesenchyme were counted.Then we established the MCF-7 chicken embryo implant model.The chicken embryo CAMs was treated with 0.9% NaCl,Various amounts of NCTD(72,36,18 ?g per 20 ?l)and the inhibition rates were calculated.Results:NCTD can inhibit the new capillary vessels growing into gelatin sponges placed on the CAM in a dose-dependent manner,and the inhibitory rates were 77.7%,62.9%,50.6% and 33.0% respectively.NCTD at the dosages of 72、36、18 ?g were able to inhibit capillary growth regardless of the angiogenic process induced by xenograft tumor and had a significant inhibition as compared with the control group,and the rates were 66.2%,39.3%,22.8% respectively.Conclusions:NCTD has an anti-angiogenic effect for targeting tumor angiogenesis.NCTD may be a potential therapeutic candidate for clinical application.