Lymphatic metastasis in breast cancer is the most frequent route of metastasis,which is one of most pirotal factors generated comparatively earlier in determining breast cancer staging and electing therapeutic regimen.Lymphangiogenesis is the foundation of lymphatic metastasis.The PI3K/AKT/VEGF-C signal transduction pathway may exist in breast cancer lymphangiogenesis,in which AKT phosphorylation promotes breast cancer lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis.This article mainly reviews the adjusted effects of AKT phosphorylation in breast cancer lymphatic metastasis.

〔Abstract〕 Based on various visual softwares, the paper mines the data of SCI papers and published patents on Eastern Equine En-cephalitis ( EEE) during 1995-2015.2, analyzes the overall development, patent technology life circle, research area, cooperation and competition among countries/districts, basic information of institutes or outstanding individuals.The characteristics of various visual soft-wares are showed, the libraries should master data mining and information visualization technology, so as to provide consulting service to satisfy the deep level and personalized demands of users.

Objective Two single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in TBX1 gene,G2857C(rs737868)and G2963A(rs28649236),were chosen to investigate their distribution in contruncal defects(CTD)patients and normal controls in order to determine the relationship between TBX1 gene and CTD.Methods By PCR-RFLP,genotypes of these two SNPs were analyzed in 100 patients with CTD and 100 normal controls during Mar.2004 to May.2006. 2 test was applied to analyze the genotype frequency and allele frequency between CTD groups and control groups.Results Remarkable significance were observed at G2963A between CTD groups and normal controls,the G allele frequency in CTD groups were much higher than that in normal controls(?2=5.30,P

Objective To investigate the relationship between miR-411 and breast cancer,and the expression of miR-411 and its effects and mechanism research on proliferation and metastasis in breast cancer.Methods Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of miR411 in breast cancer cells and tissues.Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT),clone formation assay and Transwell assay were used to detect the effect of miR-411 expression on the proliferation,migration and invasion in breast cancer cells.The effect of miR-411 on growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2) expression in breast cancer cells was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.The direct effect of miR-411 target on GRB2 was detected by dual luciferase reporter assay.MTT,clone formation assay and Transwell assay detect the effect of GRB2 expression on the proliferation and invasion in breast cancer cells.Detection the effect high expression of miR-411 on GRB2 downstream signaling pathway related molecules expression in breast cancer cell with Western blot.Results The expression of miR-411 in breast cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent non-cancerous tissues (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of miR-411 in breast cancer cells SK-BR-3,BT-549 and MDA-MB-231 was significantly lower (P ＜ 0.05).Compared to the negative control group,the transfection of miR-411 mimic inhibited the proliferation,migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (P ＜ 0.05).Targetscan showed that miR-411 could bind to GRB2 3'UTR at position 741-747.Compared with the negative control group,GRB2 3'UTR wild-type plasmid and miR-411 co-transfection reduced the fluorescence activity (P ＜ 0.05).Transfection of siGRB2 significantly reduced the expression of GRB2 protein in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (P ＜ 0.05).Compared to the negative control group,the inhibition of GRB2 expression reduced the proliferation and the number of colony formation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (P ＜ 0.05).Transwell assay showed that transfection of siGRB2 significantly reduced the number of invasive cells in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions miR-411 is related closely to the occurrence and development of breast cancer,miR-411-GRB2-Ras axis is expected to become a new target for biological treatment of breast cancer.

A measurement system based on the image processing technology and developed by LabVIEW was designed to quickly obtain the range of motion (ROM) of spine. NI-Vision module was used to pre-process the original images and calculate the angles of marked needles in order to get ROM data. Six human cadaveric thoracic spine segments T7-T10 were selected to carry out 6 kinds of loads, including left/right lateral bending, flexion, extension, cis/counterclockwise torsion. The system was used to measure the ROM of segment T8-T9 under the loads from 1 Nm to 5 Nm. The experimental results showed that the system is able to measure the ROM of the spine accurately and quickly, which provides a simple and reliable tool for spine biomechanics investigators.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cadaver ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Spine ; physiology

Objective To compare the clinical effects of needle buried suture and the posterior wall of vagina mucosa excision vaginal tightening surgery for the treatment of mild to moderate vaginal relaxation.Methods A total of 71 patients with mild to moderate vaginal relaxation were randomly divided into observation group (39 cases) and control group (32 cases).The patients in the observation group were given buried lead needle suture,and the control group were treated with posterior wall of vagina mucosa resection.Analysis of two groups was conducted in patients with operation time,intraoperative bleeding,vaginal secretion color,postoperative wound healing and complications;sexual satisfaction was evaluated after 6,12 and 24 months in two groups of patients.Results There was no significant difference between two groups in operation time and vaginal secretion color (P＞ 0.05).Intraoperative blood loss was much more in the observation group than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences between the two groups [(6.23±2.43) ml vs (15.79 ± 7.31) ml,P＜0.05)].The follow-up for a number of months showed that sexual satisfaction had significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.05).None of the patients had rectal or urethral injury,no fistula,incision infection or other complications occurred,and the incision healed in stage Ⅰ.Conclusions For patients with mild to moderate vaginal relaxation,buried lead needle suture vaginal tightening surgery does not damage the vaginal mucosa,no scar,and fewer complications,which is a more simple and effective method to improve the quality of life in patients with vaginal relaxation.

Objective To research the relationship between anaemia and inflammatory in patients with heart failure .Methods 284 cases of patients with heart failure were enrolled and divided into 2 groups (anaemia group and non‐anaemia group) .The serum levels of of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) ,high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) ,blood urine nitrogen (BUN) and creati‐nine (Crea) were measured ,and the results were analyzed .Results The levels of BNP ,hs‐CRP and Crea of anaemia group were sig‐nificantly higher than those of non‐anaemic group (P<0 .01) .The results of logistic regression demonstrated that hs‐CRP was in‐dependently associated with anaemia (P=0 .021) .Conclusion The occurrence and development of inflammation are independently associated with anaemia in the patients with heart failure .

In order to show the development situation and trend in plaque research, Thomson Innovation Platform-covered application of patents associated with plaque researches was quantitatively analyzed using the Thomson Data Analyzer and Thomson Innovation or other tools, which revealed the overall development situation, the main accepted countries, the main application institutions and the technological direction layout of patents associated with plaque researches.

Objective To investigate the posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) and ethical decision-making in nurses suffered workplace violence, and analyze the relmionship between them. Methods Totally 340 nurses suffered workplace violence were questionnaired by the PTSD Scale and the Ethical Decision- making Scale. Results The incidence rate of PTSD was 17.06%(58/340), the total score of PTSD was (38.77± 13.57).The scores of ideal ethical practice, actual ethical practice and ethical decision- making in the PTSD group were 121.36±8.33, 105.56±7.76, 226.92±15.52, and were significantly lower than that in the non-PTSD group (140.60±9.01, 117.65±8.41, 258.27±16.73) (t=-14.996, -10.015, -13.153, P < 0.01). The score of PTSD was negtively correlated with the scores of ideal ethical practice, actual ethical practice and ethical decision- making (r=-0.415, -0.431,-0.420, P < 0.05). Conclusions The PTSD probably occurred after workplace violence, nursing administrators should pay close attention to the PTSD and therefore improve nurses′ethical decision-making.

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of miR-181c on hypoxia-preconditioned ischemia in rats and its mechanism.Methods Thirty-nine male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of control group,sham-operated group,middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)group,hypoxia-preconditioned group,hypoxia-preconditioned and MCAO group.Infarct volume and behavioral deficits were quantified.Real-time PCR was applied to detect the expression levels of miR-181c and Western blotting was used to verify the target protein of mt-cox1.Results Under the treatment of hypoxia-preconditioned,the neurological impairment was alleviated and the infarct volume was reduced significantly from 22.50％ ±2.96％ to 16.40％ ±3.13 ％ (t =5.26,P ＜0.01).The expression of miR-181c was decreased significantly in hypoxia-preconditioned and MCAO group than that in MCAO group (1.89 ± 0.14 vs 3.05 ± 0.26,t =6.10,P ＜ 0.01),and the expression of mt-cox1 protein was also significantly decreased (0.54 ± 0.07 vs 0.93 ± 0.04,t =8.01,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Hypoxia-preconditioned may attenuate the ischemic injury in SD rats,which may be related to the down-regulation of the expression of miR-181c,therefore increasing the expression of its targeted protein mt-cox1.