Objective To study the association between adults'respiratory health and elements concentrations in aerometric particulate matters and provide information about the effect of air pollution sources on human health. Methods Health question nairs were administered to 7 661 male and 7 673 female adults in 4 Chinese cities. 42 elements in particulate matters of both urban and rural areas were analyzed by XRF. The data were analyzed by using two-stage regression, the Logistic regression for the first stage and weighted linear regression for the other. Adult's respiratory health parameters were obtained by 1st stage analysis. The association of the elements in PM and adults'respiratory health parameters of 8 sites in the 4 cities was established. Odds ratios were given using the weighted linear regression model. Results Positive associations between adults'respiratory health and crust elements (Al, Ca, Fe, Si, Ti) and pollution elements (As, Ni, Cd, Pb) in PM2.5-10 or PM2.5 were found (OR=1.00-1.12). Associations of respiratory health parameters with elements in fine particle (OR=1.03-1.61) were stronger than those with elements in coarse particle (OR=1.03-1.12) in the case of the equal element concentrations. Conclusion An assumption of 'crust particle groups' was brought forward to give an explanation to the relation between crust elements and respiratory health. It assumed that the relation is an indirect one, since 'crust particle groups' in PM act as carrier of toxic matters and/or bacteria. The result points out that it should pay much attention to controlling of PM from soil as well as controlling of industrial pollution.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of sitagliptin combined with metformin in treating patients with type 2 diabetes with non-alcoholic fatty liver diease (NAFLD).Methods Sixty-five patients with type 2 diabetes with non-alcoholic fatty liver admitted into our hospital from June 2012 to June 2015 were randomly divided into two groups.Thirty-three patients in control group were treated with metformin only,and thirty-two patients in observation were treated with sitagliptin combined with metformin.The changes in body mass index (BMI),fasting plasma glucose (FPG),2-hour postprandial glucose (2hPG),Hemoglobin Ale (HbAlc),homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR),and liver function index including that aminopherase of alanine acid (ALT),aminopherase of aspartic acid (AST),gamma-glutamyl transterase (GGT),triglyceride (TG),and total cholesterol (TC) were detected before and after 16 weeks of treatment.And the total effective rate and safety were analyzed and compared.Results After treatment,HOMA-IR,FPG,2hPG,HbA1c,ALT,AST,GGT,TG,and TC were remarkable improvement (P ＜ 0.05),and HOMA-IR,HbA1c,AST,ALT,GGT,and TG were significantly better than those of control (P ＜ 0.05).Additionally,the total effective rate in observation group with 90.9％ was significantly higher than that of control group with 42.4％ (P ＜ 0.05).And difference in incidences of adverse effect between observation group with 15.6％ and control group with 9.1％ were not significant.Conclusion Sitagliptin combined with metformin treatment had a good ability on treating patients with type 2 diabetes with NAFLD by improvement of metabolic syndrome and liver function.

Objective Investigate the diagnosis and treatment of 9 cases in humeral shaft fracture combined with brachial artery injury. Methods 9 cases of humeral shaft fracture combined with brachial artery injury were treated. Results 1 patient was carried out amputation because severe soft tissue injury, obvious limb swelling after operation and occurring thrombosis. The muscles of 2 cases was ischemic and contracture, functional poor because of visiting late. The remaining 6 cases as a result of the diagnosis and treatment in a timely manner, postoperative function were satisfactory. Conclusion Timely diagnosis and treatment for patiends of humeral shaft fracture combined with brachial artery injury can have the good clinical results.

Digital subtraction angiography has long been recognized as a gold standard for detecting cerebrovascular lesions.With the development of CT techniques,CT angiography(CTA)has been widely used in intracranial and extracranial vascular evaluation.This article reviews the development of CTA technique and its application in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular lesions.

Several of the genetic models and environmental risk factor models were used in the animal model study in autism.The BTBR T+ Itpr3tf(BTBR) mice are an inbred strain and have emerged as strong candidates to serve as models of a range of autism-relevant behaviors, showing deficiencies in social behaviors and reduced or unusual ultrasonic vocalizations as well as increased repetitive self-grooming.There are increasing investigations targeted to ameliorating the behavioral phenotypes of autism in BTBR mice.This review briefly summarizes the advance in the research on the BTBR mice model of autism.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of EUS-guided aspiration biopsy for wall-thickened gastric lesions. Methods A retrospective study was performed in 45 patients who were diagnosed as having thickened gastric wall by EUS examination.Pathological and follow-up results of routine endoscopy and EUS-guided aspiration biopsy were analyzed,with the surgical results and follow-up outcome as the golden standard.The positive rate of routine endoscopy and EUS-guided aspiration biopsy were compared. Results In routine biopsy,gastric cancer was confirmed in 6,lymphoma in 3,dysplasia in 6,Menetrier′s disease in 2 and inflammatory changes in 28.EUS-guided aspiration biopsy was conducted in 45 patients,and gastric cancer was confirmed in 18,lymphoma in 5,dysplasia in 4,Menetrier′s disease in 2 and inflammatory changes in 16.The final pathological and follow-up results confirmed 21 gastric cancer,6 lymphoma,2 dys-plasia,2 Menetrier′s disease,other tumors in 4 and inflammatory changes in 10. The accuracy rate of routine biopsy and EUS-guided aspiration biopsy was 51. 11%( 23/ 45 ) and 82. 22%( 37/ 45 )respectively. Conclusion EUS-guided aspiration biopsy can yield a higher positive rate than endoscopic biopsy.

Objective To observe therapeutic effect of naoxintong on the patients with cerebral infarction.Methods 69 patients with cerebral infarction were randomly allocated to naoxintong group or control group. All patients were treated with 20ml shuxuening injection into veins and aspirin 100mg once a day, and those in naoxintong group were treated with naoxinting moreover. Neurological deficit scores (NDS) were evaluated before and after 1 month and 2 months of treatment Results Effective rate and notable effective rate of naoxintong group after 2 months of treatment were 97% and 88% ,obviously higher than those of control group 79% and 52%. Conclusion Nongxintong treatment for cerebral infarction was effective.

BACKGROUND: Gallie, Brooks steel wire, and Halifax vertebral plate clamp are tools for internal fixation of atlas-axis joint. They can keep the flexion-extension stability of atlas-axis joint, but weaken the ability to against lateral bending and rotation. Magerl+Gallie implantation shows good biomechanics stability, but cannot well prevent axial dislocation. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the surgical technique from posterior approach for atlas, and explore the effect on biocompatibility and biomechanics of implants. RETRIEVAL STRATEGY: The articles related to atlas-axis joint dated between January 1970 and June 2007 were retrieved through Pubmed, PML, OVID and Wanfang database using of "atlas, axis, dislocation, fixation, posterior" and "atlas, dislocation, internal fixation, implant, posterior approach, biocompatibility, biomechanics" in Chinese. All collected articles were selected firstly and the articles related to implants, surgical skills, and biomechanics were selected. For articles in identical field, only those published in recently or in authoritative journals were selected. Repetitive articles and Meta analysis were excluded. 127 articles met the criteria and 30 of them were involved. LITERATURE EVALUATION: The articles involved were related to the surgical treatment of dislocation of atlas-axis joint. Of 30 articles, 3 were review articles, 3 were monographs, and the others were clinical or basic researches. DATA SYNTHESIS: ①Lateral mass and pedicle screw implantation techniques can achieve three-dimensional fixation. ②The screw entrance points of atlantoaxial pedicle screw implantation is higher than lateral mass technique, it is unnecessary to expose C1, posterior arch and other deep parts of anatomic structures. C2 nerve root and venous plexus are not separated completely, which reduce injury rate and blood loss. In addition, screw passage of pedicle screw is longer than Harms technique, so screw can completely contact with skeleton to enhance the fixation. CONCLUSION: Atlantoaxial fixation by posterior pedicle screw implantation shows good biomechanics and biocompatibility. It may become the optimal approach for atlantoaxial short segmental fixation.

Schistosome is covered by a living syncytium, called tegument, which plays important role in nutrient uptake and immune evasion.Recently, tegumental proteomic research identified lots of proteins, of which there may be potential targets for diagnosis, drugs and vaccines.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the evolution of drug-resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in children in Hubei tertiary level hospitals during four years and provide the evidence for clinically reasonable use of antibiotics.METHODS The summary data of drug sensitivity in clinical isolates of meticillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA) and meticillin-sensitive S.aureus(MSSA) in children in Hubei tertiary level hospitals from 2004 to 2007 were investigated retrospectively and the results were analyzed statistically.RESULTS The tendency of infections with MRSA upgraded yearly during four years(5.7%→10.7%→40.8%→46.9%);the resistance rates of MRSA to various antibiotics were all higher than that of MSSA.The vancomycin-resistant S.aureus had not been detected.CONCLUSIONS The drug-resistance status of SA in Hubei is still very serious.We should adopt effective measurement to control the occurring and epidemic outbreak in combination with children physiological characteristic.