Objective To provide the initiative experimental reference for resource utilization of Cynanchum komarovii by biological technology. Methods Using root, stem, and leaf of C. komarovii as explants, the proper media for inducing of callus were optimized by orthogonal test. In culturing process for proliferation of callus, the fresh and dry weights were determined at various times and callus growth curve was drawn. Meanwhile, division test of callus was taken. Results Root callus test showed the best effect in successful inducing percentage of 90%-100%. The best media combination of stem and leaf were MS+2,4-D 1.0 mg/L+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L and MS+2,4-D 0.5 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L. The stem segament was more easily induced than leaf. The callus induced by various treatments is in loose character and fresh yellow colour with no brown phenomenon. At day 10 the growth entered the exponent period of callus offspring, the maximal fresh weight to 4.961 g and the dry weight to 0.496 g. The division rate of callus was rather low and not easy to shoot. However, the nail root was commonly seen in the test. Conclusion The root is proved to be the best explants in the test of inducing callus, which shows the best medium of stem and leaf for forming the callus. The growth of callus is bigger, but the division is not easy.

ABSTRACT:Objective To evaluate the features and related factors of decremental response in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)patients to low-frequency repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS)in proximal nerves.Methods We performed RNS studies in proximal axillary and accessory nerves with recording in deltoid and trapezius mus-cle respectively in 87 ALS patients.Decremental compound muscle action potential (CMAP)and related factors were analyzed prospectively,and abnormal group of decremental response in ALS patients was compared with 39 pa-tients with myasthenia gravis.Results ① Abnormal decremental responses were found in 43.7% and 49.4% of ALS patients with deltoid and trapezius muscle recording respectively.They were found more frequent in trapezius muscle than those of deltoid muscle.② There was no relationship of decremental response with gender,age,onset or course of disease,ALSFRS-r scores,or rate of disease progression in ALS patients.③ There was significant rela-tionship between decremental response and fluctuating muscle weakness.Decremental responses decreased more ob-viously in ALS patients with fluctuating muscle weakness than in those with nonfluctuating muscle weakness.④ Dec-remental responses were greater in patients with myasthenia gravis than that in ALS patients.Conclusion Decre-mental response with proximal muscle recording is not an uncommon feature in ALS patients;therefore,it should not be treated as a criterium to rule out ALS.Abnormal decremental response of trapezius muscle is found more fre-quent than that of deltoid muscle.Decremental response range in patients with myasthenia gravis is significantly lar-ger than that in ALS patients.One should be more careful when diagnosing ALS patients with fluctuating muscle weakness and abnormal decremental response.

Objective To compare the curative effect and complication of traditional open thyroid operation and minimally invasive laryngeal endoscopic thyroid operation.Methods 80 cases with thyroid disease were randomly divided into group I and groupⅡof 40 cases in each group,the group Ⅰ received the minimally invasive laryngeal endoscopic thyroid operation, while the Ⅱ group was treated with traditional open thyroid operation.The operation time,intraoperative amount of bleeding,postoperative drainage,hospitalization time and complications of two groups were compared.Results The operation time,hospitalization time of groupⅠwere (63.1 ±0.2)min,(5.7 ±0.6)d, which were significantly shorter than those of the control group[(90.4 ±1.1) min,(8.4 ±0.2) d].Amount of bleeding,postoperative drainage volume after operation in groupⅠwere (19.2 ±0.9) mL,(30.4 ±2.6) mL,which were significantly less than those of the control group[(42.1 ±1.8)mL,(46.2 ±1.2)mL] (t=9.819,12.168, 11.182,9.928,all P <0.05);The incidence of postoperative complications of group Ⅰ was 2.5%,lower than 15.0%of groupⅡ,the difference was statistically significant between the two groups(χ2 =13.197,P <0.05). Conclusion Minimally invasive laryngeal endoscopic thyroid operation has advantages in little trauma,short opera-tion time,rapid postoperative recovery.

Abstract: Objective To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies (Ab2β) of lactadherin on neonatal mice infected with human rotavirus (HRV), and to analyze the underlying mechanism. Methods Hybridoma technology was used to prepare Ab2β of lactadherin. One hundred and twenty 7-day-old Kunming mice were randomly divided into groups A, B, C and control, each consisting of 30 mice. Groups A, B, and C were all infected with HRV via oral gavage. Group A received no treatment, group B was orally administered lactadherin for 7 days prior to infection, and group C was orally administered lactadherin for 7 days after infection, the control group was orally administered cell culture medium that did not contain the virus. The clinical manifestations (diarrhea, body weight) at different time points after infection of the neonatal mice in each group were observed, and the content of rotavirus antigen in the feces of neonatal mice was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After HRV infection for 7 days, immunohistochemical staining was used to examine the expression level of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in mouse small intestinal tissues in each group. Results No diarrhea occurred in the control group at any time point. Groups A, B, and C showed diarrhea symptoms after HRV challenge for 1 day. The degree of diarrhea in groups B and C was lower than that in group A at 2-4 days after HRV challenge, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The HRV antigen content in the feces of the neonatal mice in groups B and C was lower than that in group A at 1-5 days after HRV challenge, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the degree of diarrhea and HRV antigen content between groups B and C at each time point (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the body weight of the neonatal mice in each group before infection and 1 day after infection (P>0.05); the weight of neonatal mice in groups B and C was higher than that in group A at 3, 5 and 7 days after HRV challenge, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in body weight between groups B and C at each time point after HRV challenge (P>0.05). The number of ICAM-1 expressing cells in the small intestine of the three groups A, B, and C was higher than that of the control group after HRV challenge for 7 days, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The cell number and gray value of ICAM-1 expressing cells in groups B and C were lower than those in group A, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies (Ab2β) of lactadherin has a good preventive and therapeutic effects on human rotavirus infection in neonatal mice, and can significantly improve diarrhea symptoms and reduce HRV viral load. Its specific mechanism may be related to the inhibition of ICAM-1.

Abstract: Objective To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies (Ab2β) of lactadherin on neonatal mice infected with human rotavirus (HRV), and to analyze the underlying mechanism. Methods Hybridoma technology was used to prepare Ab2β of lactadherin. One hundred and twenty 7-day-old Kunming mice were randomly divided into groups A, B, C and control, each consisting of 30 mice. Groups A, B, and C were all infected with HRV via oral gavage. Group A received no treatment, group B was orally administered lactadherin for 7 days prior to infection, and group C was orally administered lactadherin for 7 days after infection, the control group was orally administered cell culture medium that did not contain the virus. The clinical manifestations (diarrhea, body weight) at different time points after infection of the neonatal mice in each group were observed, and the content of rotavirus antigen in the feces of neonatal mice was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After HRV infection for 7 days, immunohistochemical staining was used to examine the expression level of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in mouse small intestinal tissues in each group. Results No diarrhea occurred in the control group at any time point. Groups A, B, and C showed diarrhea symptoms after HRV challenge for 1 day. The degree of diarrhea in groups B and C was lower than that in group A at 2-4 days after HRV challenge, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The HRV antigen content in the feces of the neonatal mice in groups B and C was lower than that in group A at 1-5 days after HRV challenge, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the degree of diarrhea and HRV antigen content between groups B and C at each time point (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the body weight of the neonatal mice in each group before infection and 1 day after infection (P>0.05); the weight of neonatal mice in groups B and C was higher than that in group A at 3, 5 and 7 days after HRV challenge, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in body weight between groups B and C at each time point after HRV challenge (P>0.05). The number of ICAM-1 expressing cells in the small intestine of the three groups A, B, and C was higher than that of the control group after HRV challenge for 7 days, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The cell number and gray value of ICAM-1 expressing cells in groups B and C were lower than those in group A, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies (Ab2β) of lactadherin has a good preventive and therapeutic effects on human rotavirus infection in neonatal mice, and can significantly improve diarrhea symptoms and reduce HRV viral load. Its specific mechanism may be related to the inhibition of ICAM-1.

Objective To analyze the efficacy of rosuvastatin on the patients with hyperlipidemia and hypertension.Methods From March 2011 to June 2012,112 cases with hyperlipidemia and hypertension in our hospital were enrolled in this study.Patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group (56 patients,each).Patients in control group were treated with oral amlodipine 5 mg/d.Patients in treatment group were treated with oral rosuvastain 10 mg/d and oral amlodipine 5 mg/d.One month after the treatment,the levels of blood pressure,total cholesterol (TC),tryglyceride (TG),low density liporotein (LDL-C),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were determined.The occurrence of adverse effects were observed.Results One month after treatment,systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were significantly decreased in both two groups compared with pre-treatment [Control group:(135.2±9.51)mm Hgvs.(59.2±7.3)mm Hg,(88.8±5.2)mm Hg vs.(99.5±8.3)mm Hg,t=4.95,2.87; Treatment group:(130.2±5.5)mm Hg vs.(160.3±9.3)mm Hg,(86.7± 10.2)mm Hg vs.(99.7±8.3)mm Hg,t=5.03,2.94,all P＜0.01],but more declines were found in treatment group than in control group(t=3.96,3.42,both P＜0.001).The levels of LDL-C,TG and TC were significantly decreased in both two groups compared with pre-treatment [Control group:(2.64±0.72)mmol/L vs.(3.97±0.84)mmol/L,(1.89±0.25)mmol/L vs.(2.56±0.45)mmol/L,(4.23±0.56)mmol/L vs.(7.36±0.48)mmol/L,t=2.58,3.03,2.36,P=0.013,0.004,0.022;Treatment group:(1.75 ± 0.68) mmol/L vs.(3.85 ± 0.79) mmol/L,(1.71 ± 0.18) mmol/L vs.(2.63±0.42)mmol/L,(3.18±0.47)mmol/L vs.(7.20±0.56)mmol/L,t=2.77,3.16,2.59,P=0.008,0.003,0.012,respectively],but more declines were observed in treatment group than in control group(t=6.73,4.37,10.70 respectively,all P＜0.05).The HDL-C concentrations were increased in both two groups compared with pre-treatment [Control group:(0.97±0.26)mmol/L vs.(0.75±0.31)mmol/L,t=2.89,P=0.006; Treatment group:(1.09±0.23)mmol/L vs.(0.72±0.24)mmol/L,t=3.01,P=0.004],but more increment were observed in treatment group than in control group(t=2.59,P＜0.05).The hsCRP concentration was significantly reduced in treatment group compared with pre-treatment [(1.32±0.17) mg/L vs.(4.97±0.13) mg/L,t=4.40,P＜0.001].There were no significant differences in liver and kidney function between the two groups.Serious adverse effects were not found.Conclusions Rosuvastatin combined with routine antihypertensive therapy can effectively decrease the levels of serum LDL-C,TG,hsCRP; increase serum HDL-C concentration and blood pressure can be effectively controlled.

Objective To investigate the status and species of mycobacterial infections in Shenzhen for clinical diagnosis and treatment to provide a reliable scientific basis .Methods 1 096 of samples from patients with suspicious were detection by gene chip .Results Positive rate of microarray detection mycobacterium was 9 .40% (103/1 096) .103 cases of positive were 87 mycobac-teria by gene chip ,and 16 cases of non-tuberculosis(5 cases of M .abscessus ,3 cases of M .intracellulare ,3 cases of M .avium ,2 cases of M .fortuitum ,1 cases of M .kansas ,1 case of M .marinum ,1 case of M .gordonae .Conclusion The mycobacterial infections in Shenzhen ,tuberculosis infection as the main disease types (84 .47% ) .Non-tuberculous mycobacteria′s isolation ratio has reached 15 .53% ,including 7 kinds of species infection and one case of mixed infections .Identification of M ycobacterium by genechip have great significances for individualized treatment .

Objective To evaluate the disease onset regions and spreading patterns in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)patients and related influencing factors.Methods We performed a prospective analysis of 1 58 ALS patients.The disease-onset was confirmed according to the patients’self-reports,neurological examination results and electromyogram study.We followed up 1 5 1 patients with the second or other affected body regions during the disease progression.Data were analyzed according to the different groups of onset regions.Results 1.In 94.3% (149/1 58)of the patients,the early motor manifestations were focally in the bulbar,upper or lower limbs.2.The region of onset was associated with signs of lower motor neuron (LMN)and upper motor neuron (UMN)involvement (P = 0.000 ).The LMN involvement was more distinctive in patients with bulbar onset (65.4%,1 7/26 )group.Patients with cervical onset more frequently showed pure LMN (47.9%,45/94 )or concomitant UMN (52.1%,49/94)signs in the affected limbs.The highest proportion of UMN and LMN signs in the affected lower limb was found in the lumbar onset (83.8%,31/37 )group.3.Spreading patterns:Rostral to caudal spreading pattern was more frequent in bulbar onset patients.For patients with limb onset,there were significant differences between spreading patterns and disease-onset regions (P =0.04).Circular (31.5%,28/89),horizontal (30.3%,31/89)and vertical (21.3%,1 9/89)spreading patterns were more frequent in cervical onset patients whereas circular (47.2%,1 7/36)spreading patterns were more frequent in lumbar onset patients.4.There was a strong association between the rate of progression and age of disease onset (P =0.01 1).Patients aged over 60 had a faster progression.Conclusion ALS is a focal process at motor axis along the spinal cord and cerebral cortex.Different disease-onset can cause different distribution of UMN and LMN signs.Therefore,special attention should be paid to the signs of disease-onset clinically.ALS does start focally and spreads to adjacent regions.Elder patients have a faster disease progression.

Objective To explore the correlative factors of sudden death in patients suspected with pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in emergency room (ER).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted.The clinical data of 12 patients with sudden death suspected with PTE (sudden death group) in ER of the Air Force General Hospital from January 2011 to June 2014 were analyzed.The non-sudden death group included 35 patients during the same time period who were diagnosed with PTE based on findings of CT pulmonary arteriography (CTPA) and showed no sudden death in ER.Factors,including sex,age,previous operation,tumor,syncope,dyspnea,bilateral or unilateral edema of lower extremity,heart rate (HR),white blood cell count (WBC),D-dimer,arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2),arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and typical clinical manifestation of electrocardiogram (SⅠTⅢQⅢ),were compared between the two groups.The potential predictors of sudden death of PTE were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.Results Young age (years old:51.3±15.5 vs.62.3±14.4),lower PaO2 [mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa):49.9± 12.3 vs.62.7± 10.2],higher HR (bpm:122.0± 19.5 vs.89.1 ± 18.5) and higher WBC (× 109/L:13.8 ± 6.9 vs.7.2 ± 2.5) were found in sudden death group as compared with those in non-sudden death group (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant differences in D-dimer level and PaCO2 between sudden death group and non-sudden death group [D-dimer (pg/L):986 (891,3 230) vs.2089 (598,3 397),PaCO2 (mmHg):33.0 (28.6,43.4)vs.36.5 (32.9,41.0),both P ＞ 0.05].The syncope,antineoplaston treatment or tumor metastasis within 6 months,operation in previous 4 months,bilateral asymmetrical edema in sudden death group were more than those of the non-sudden death group,and chest pain was less (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Difference in gender,dyspnea and typical SⅠTⅢQⅢ in electrocardiogram were not significant between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).It was shown by multiple logistic regression analysis that higher HR [odds ratio (OR) =1.124,95％ confidence interval (95％CI) =1.024-1.235,P =0.014] and higher WBC (OR =1.347,95％CI =1.043-1.738,P =0.022) were identified as independent risk factors of sudden death for PTE.Conclusions Gender,dyspnea,typical S Ⅰ TⅢQⅢ in electrocardiogram,PaCO2 and D-dimer seem unrelated to sudden death of patients with PTE.Young age,chest pain,syncope,bilateral asymmetrical edema,antineoplaston treatment or tumor metastasis within 6 months,operation in previous 4 months and low PaO2 were potential predictors of sudden death according to the univariate analysis.Higher WBC and higher HR are independent risk factors of sudden death for PTE patients.

Objective To study the Mandarin long-term average speech spectrum (LTASS),the effects of gender,language and region material on LTASS were explored.This research would provide reference for clinical and academic use of Mandarin LTASS.Methods One hundred and sixty subjects from eight major dialectic regions of China,aging 16~30 (average 22.3±3.3),were asked to read two materials (storybook,newspaper)in Manda-rin at a steady speed and conversational level inside a standard soundproof booth.Ten males and ten females were in each dialectic region.A microphone (B&K 4192)was used to monitor each subject's speech which was analyzed with a real-time spectrum analyzer to obtain the long-term spectrum (B&K PULSE 3560C).Results Different Man-darin LTASS spectra were obtained based on gender,material and regions.The spectra were tested with profile a-nalysis.Language material had no significant effects on the Mandarin LTASS (F =2.52,P =0.11 ).There was, however,significant gender difference (F =116.39,P =0.00).Males had spoken with intensity levels higher than females at 100 Hz to 200 Hz.There was also a dialectic difference in the Mandarin LTASS (F =1.29,P =0.02). Speakers from Guangdong had the lowest intensity levels compared to those from other regions.Conclusion Genders and regions are factors that need to be considered when LTASS is used for clinical purpose and academic study.