Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Periarthritis ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Shoulder Joint ; physiopathology ; Treatment Outcome

Defensin is a cysteine-rich, low molecular weight and cationic antimicrobial peptide. Human breast milk con-tains high level of defensin. The defensin in human breast milk can not only inhibit the growth of various pathogenic microorgan-isms, but also promote the development of infant immune system and reduce the incidence of infantile upper respiratory infection. Nowadays, the roles of defensin in breast milk is more recognized. This paper focuses on the molecular characteristics of human defensin, its antibacterial and antiviral roles, and the latest progress in defensin research.

Objective To investigate the effect of tonic pain stimulation on the attention network test (ANT) . Methods Twenty healthy males recruited from university were enrolled in this study, and laboratory pain was induced by cuff pressure stimulation on the upper arm. All subjects performed the task separately under pain, no-pain and pressure conditions. The reaction time and accuracy rate of the ANT were quantified. The subjective pain perception was assessed by the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire ( SF-MPQ) . Results Across three conditions, the executive network showed significant pain effect (F = 76.31 , P< 0.001) : no-pain condition at (92.51 ±35.71 )ms, pressure condition at (94.06 ±25. 28) ms, pain condition at ( 120.24 ± 18.21 )ms. Furthermore, the average reaction time and the A-scores (i. e. affective words) in SF-MPQ caused by pain was positively correlated ( r = 0.11, P = 0.03) . Conclusion Pain can result in deficit in the executive network for attention regulation. The negative affections caused by pain can interfere with attention.

Objective To clone and express Schistosoma j aponicum cyclophilin B (SjCyPB) gene in E.coli,and to identify and analyze the immunity of recombinant proteins.Methods A pair of specific primers was designed according to GenBank of Schistosoma japonicum sequence.SjCyPB gene was amplify by PCR and then connected to pET28 vector.The recombinant plasmid pET28a (+)-SjCyPB was constructed and transformed into E.coli BL21 cell line,the recombinant plasmid was identified by double enzyme digestion and sequence analysis.After induced by isopropyl-B-D-thiogalaetoside (IPTG),the expressed recombinant proteinwas purified by affinity-chromatography,and then verified by Western blotting.Rats were immunized recombinant SjCyPB,andthe SjCyPB-specific IgG was detected by ELISA.Results SjCyPB gene was successfully inserted into pET28a(-) vecter which identified by double enzyme digestion and sequence analysis.Recombinant SjCyPB protein was highly expressed in E.coli.The Western Blotting analysis confirmed that the recombinant protein could specifically combine to S.japonicum-infected rabbit serum.Using recombinant protein to immunize rats,the SjCyPB-specific IgG antibody titer was 1 ∶ 51 200 detected by ELISA.Conclusion The recombinant SjCyPB is successfully constructed,and recombinant SjCyPB has immunogenicity and antigenicity.

Objective Liver is a common site of metastasis of gastric cancer and hitherto there has been no uniform treatment for liver metastasis of gastric cancer. This study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of liver metastasis of gastric cancer in order to provide some evidence for the improvement of the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Methods We ret-rospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and survival data of 143 patients with liver metastasis of gastric cancer treated in our hospital between March 2007 and September 2012. We investigated the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of the disease u-sing the Cox Regression Model. Results Seventy-five ( 52. 4%) of the 143 patients survived for 12 months, 41 ( 28. 7%) for 24 months, and 18 (12.6%) for 36 months, with a median survival time of 14 months. Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the survival time among the patients with different histological grades of primary gastric cancer, time of liver metastasis, types of metastatic liver cancer, extra-liver metastasis, and treatment methods ( P<0.05) . Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed the histological grade of gastric cancer to be low-or non-differentiation ( HR=2.67, 95% CI:1.51-4.72) and the type of liver meta-static cancer to be H2 ( HR=1.89, 95% CI:1.08-3.29) or H3 ( HR=2.13, 95% CI:1.32-3.44) , which were independent risk fac-tors affecting the prognosis of liver metastasis of gastric cancer, while palliative chemotherapy ( HR=0.55, 95% CI:0.32-0.95) was an independent protective factor of its prognosis. Conclusion Patients with liver metastasis from gastric cancer usually have a poor prognosis, especially those with histologically low-grade gastric cancer or type-H2 or -H3 liver metastatic cancer. The prognosis of thepatients undergoing palliative chemotherapy may have a better prognosis than those receiving best supportive care. A comprehensive therapy should be recommended to patients with liver metastasis from gastric cancer.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common traumatic disease. SCI causes nutritional and metabolic abnormalities including malnu-trition and overnutrition. This article reviewed nutritional metabolism assessments, the changes and reasons after SCI. Spinal Nutrition Screening Tool (SNST) and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) are commonly used to evaluate malnutrition in adult. Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Paediatrics (STAMP) is used to evaluate malnutrition in child. Body mass index, waist circumfer-ence and dual-energy X-ray are used to evaluate overnutrition. SCI causes increasement of total caloric intake, disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism, disturbance of fat and protein metabolism, increasement of metabolic syndrome incidence, high risk of coronary heart disease, and abnormal bone metabolism. Individual diet program should be provided to SCI patients for balanced nutrition. Periodic assessments are also necessary.

Pancreatic cancer is a kind of highly malignant aggressive cancers.Perinearal growth is one of the importcant biological characteristics of pancreatic cancer.Perineural invasion is an independent prognostic indicator of its prognosis.However,the mechanism has not yet completely clear.The pancreatic cancer perineural invasion mechanism research has been the focus of scholars to discuss,however it' s difficult to break through.Therefore,the discussion pancreatic violation of the peripancreatic neural mechanism for early clinical find,early treatment is essential.The mechanisms of pancreatic cancer research,from all kinds of adhesion molecule to the nerve growth factor,related ligand protein path to susceptibility gene expression,have been reported largely,which helps enhance people' s awareness of peripancreatic neural invasion.At the same time,perineural invasion in the early detection of disease,prolonging survival period and improving the quality of life has important significance.Now the progresses of reviews in recent years are discussed as follows.

OBJECTIVE To study the risk factors of pulmonary infection and prognosis in elderly cerebral apoplectic patients. METHODS A retrospective survey on 541 elderly cerebral apoplectic patients was analyzed to investigate the rate of pulmonary infection,the type and the severity of cerebral apoplexy,the underlying disease,disturbance of consciousness,invasive operation and the prognosis. RESULTS The most of the pulmonary infections in elderly cerebral apoplectic patients were nosocomial infection.The rate of infection was high and related to many factors. CONCLUSIONS The result showed that the pulmonary infection in elderly cerebral apoplectic patients is caused by many risk factors.Controlling the rate of pulmonary infection can help us to succeed in treating cerebral apoplexy.

This paper reported one case with deposition of schistosome eggs in lymph nodes of rectal cancer draining area.

Objective To study the morphological characteristics of tectal cells in stratum griseum centrale(SGC) which project to nucleus rotundus(Rt) in chick. Methods Tectal cells projecting to the Rt were retrogradely labeled by using the injection or implantation of a small amount of carbocyanine fluorescent tracer(DiI) into Rt postmortemly in chicks.Results Labeled SGC cells were classified into four types according to the location of the soma and dendritic endings in the tectal layers.Type 1 cells of the SGC,whose somata were located in superficial part of the SGC,gave off dendritic endings to layer F.Type 2 cells in the SGC,whose somata were also located in superficial part of the SGC,gave off dendritic endings to layer D.Type 3 cells,whose somata were located in deep part of the SGC,gave off primary dendrites obliquely in layer H-J of SGFS.Type 4 SGC cells,whose somata were located in the deep part of the SGC,gave off dendrites horizontally and their dendrites were located within the SGC.The labeled dendrites of type I and 2 cells of the SGC formed bush-like or bifurcated endings extending horizontally in layer F and bottle brush endings vertically in layer D,respectively.The dendrites of type 3 and type 4 cells mainly formed free endings in their extending deep tectal layers.Conclusion The dendrites of superficial SGC cells(type 1 and type 2 cells) extend to retinorecipient tectal layers(layer F and layer D,respectively),having the shape of bush-like or bifurcated endings extending horizontally in layer F and bottle brush endings vertically in layer D,respectively corresponding to the shapes of terminals of optic nerves in these layers.The dendrites of deep SGC cells(type 3 and type 4 cells) do not extend to the retinorecipient tectal layers,mainly forming free endings in the tectal layers deeper than layer H.