Klotho gene is closely related to the aging,which plays an important role in modulation of mineral metabolism,anti-apoptosis,anti-oxidation and antisenescence,etc.Klotho deficiency leads to a syndrome resembling aging,such as shortened life span,atherosclerosis,skin atrophy,hyperphosphatemia,etc.This performance is similar to that of the patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).The levels of klotho expression and transcription are down-regulated in CKD resulted from various causes.Thus,CKD may be viewed as a state of accelerated aging and/or an age-related disease associated with Klotho deficiency.This article reviewed the relationship between Klotho and CKD.

OBJECTIVE To investigate and evaluate the effects of intact-bridge tympanoplasty using auricular cartilage in treating chronic otitis media. METHODS A retrospective review of 86 cases undergoing an intact-bridge tympanomastoidectomywas performed from July,2013 to May,2016.The auricular cartilage was placed on the attic and tympanic antrum entrance to reconstruct the attic. RESULTS The outcome of dry ear and well-epithelialized mastoid cavities was achieved after 4-6 weeks. After 6-month follow-up no recurrence occurred. The pure-tone average threshold improved by (25.4±6.3) dB HL after operation,and the mean air bone gap was elevated. CONCLUSION On the basis of combination of closed and open techniques,the IBM technique is a optimal cure strategy for chronic otitis media,which can not only remove the pathological changes thoroughly to prevent disease recurrence but also maximally improve the hearing of the diseased ear.The closure of attic with auricular cartilage can ensure the space of the ossicular chain.

OBJECTIVE: To research the content of alkaloids and polysaccharides in different varieties of Aconitum carmichaeli. METHODS: The contents of total alkaloids, diester diterpenoid alkaloids and polysaccharides were measured by acid dye colorimetry, HPLC and sulphuric acid-anthrone colorimetric method respectively. RESULTS: In different varieties, the differences of total alkaloids and diester diterpenoid alkaloids were significant. However, the difference of polysaccharides wasn’t significant. The content of total alkaloids and diester diterpenoid alkaloids in processed A. carmichaeli reduced significantly while the content of polysaccharides increased slightly. CONCLUSION: The results of study could provide a scientific basis for rational breeding of A. carmichaeli.

Objective To establish a patient-like human ovary carcinoma/spontaneous metastasis model using orthotopic transplantation of histologically intact tumor tissue. Methods An highly metastatic ovarian tumor line (8910PM: human serum carcinoma of the ovary) previously grown substaneously was transplanted into the ovicapaule using microsurgery technique. Histologically intact human ovary tumor pieces gained from implantation site were passaged between ovicapsules for four generations. Results All mice developed ovary tumors and the metastatic rates were about 50 %. The tumors only metastasized to liver. The earliest appearance of metastasis was 14 days and the average survival period was 20.7 ±4.89 days. The microscopic appearance of the metastases was similar to the tumor observed in the substaneous xenografts and orthotopically transplanted.Chromosomes analysis exhibited the feature of human carcinoma and retained genetic stability during the processes of passage. Conclusion Orthotopic implantation provides a suitable micro-environment in which ovarian cancer can express its intrinsic clinically-relevant properties. This approach is relevant to the spontaneous development of ovarian cancer and is thought to be a useful model for studies of metastatic mechanism and therapy for ovary cancer.

Objective To assessment the effect of autologous mastoid cortical bone to cover the mastoidetomy defect via transmastoid and posterior tympanotomy approach surgical technique during cochlear implantation in a ‐dults .Methods A total of 58 adults patients with profound sensorineural hearing loss accepted cochlear implantation from January 2010 and June 2014 ,which were using autologous mastoid cortical bone to cover the mastoidetomy de‐fect via transmastoid and posterior tympanotomy approach surgical technique .By observing postoperation complica‐tion the effect of surgery was evaluated .ABR were obtained for each patients at first ,third and sixth month after op‐eration .The patients which were not using autologous mastoid cortical bone to cover the mastoidetomy defect via transmastoid and posterior tympanotomy proach surgical technique acted as control group .Results No depression was found in the postauricuhtr site .None of the patients had experienced any immediate or delayed postoperative in ‐fection complication such as wound infection ,post - auricular abscess ,acute otitis media ,chronic otitis media ,in‐tracranial complication and necrotic of cortical bone .Autologous cortical bone cap had grew together with remnant cortical bone in all cochlear implantation patients .All implanted processor were in a good position ,all patients had good results after turning on the implant .The ABR thresholds were elevated about 70 dB compare to pre - operation values(P< 0 .05) .There was no significant difference compare to control group (P> 0 .05) .Conclusion The tech‐nique of autologous mastoid cortical bone to cover the mastoidetomy defect in cochlear implantation surgery can pre ‐vent depression of the postauricuhtr site ,remain stability of the implanted processor ,and have a good aided hearing thresholds after operation .

Objective To investigate the correlation between R219K (rs2230806 G/A) polymorphism in the ATP binding cassette transporter (ABC) A1 gene and ischemic stroke in a Chinese Han population. Methods A total of 360 patients with ischemic stroke and 358 healthy subjects were selected using a case-control study design. The patients with ischemic stroke were redivided into either a large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) group or a smal artery occlusion (SAO) group according to the TOAST criteria. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing method were used to detect R219K (rs2230806 G/A) polymorphism in the ABCA1 gene. Results Using GG genotype as a reference, the AA genotype reduced the risk of ischemic stroke by 65% (odds ratio [OR] 0. 35, 95%confidence interval [CI] 0. 23 - 0. 55; P < 0. 001) and the onset risk of LAA by 77% (OR 0. 23, 95% CI 0. 13 - 0. 40; P < 0. 001), but it did not have significant correlation with SAO. The interaction of rs2230806 G/A polymorphisms with smoking, drinking, hypertension, and diabetes had no significant effect on the on-set risk of ischemic stroke (al P > 0. 05). AA genotype was enable to increase the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of the patient group (OR 0. 35, 95% CI 0. 28 - 0. 42; P < 0. 001) and the control group (OR 0. 19, 95% CI 0. 14 - 0. 23; P < 0. 001) significantly, while it did not have significant correlation with the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride. Conclusions R219K (rs2230806 G/A) polymorphism in the ABCA1 gene may be associated with the reduced predisposition of ischemic stroke in a Chinese Han population, especialy LAA. The A alele may be a hereditary protective factor; its mechanism may be associated with the increase of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.

Objective To study the indications ,surgical techniques of cochlear implantation in bilateral severe sensorineural hearing loss patients with otitis media with effusion .Methods Retrospective study of the data was col-lected from 30 bilateeral severe sensorineural hearing loss patients receiving cochlear implantation .CI was performed with round window insertion in 30 patients with otitis media with effusion .Results One stage operations of CI with round window insertion were carried out for 30 patients with otitis media with effusion .All electrodes were implan-ted successfully ,in which the CI went normally and electrode array were protected well .All implant devices had worked normally and all patients had performed well during an average of 1~3 years follow -up .Conclusion Bilat-eral severe sensorineural hearing loss patients with otitis media with effusion could be performed cochlear implanta-tion with round window insertion in one stage ,and it was safe and effective .

Objective To investigate the risk actors of postpartum hemorrhage of cesarean section,in order to provide the basis for the prevention of hemorrhage after cesarean section.Methods A case-control study was conducted in 100 cases with postpartum hemorrhage of cesarean section and 200 cases without bleeding of cesarean section.The clinical data were compared and analyzed.The single factor and multiple factors of the Logistic analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage of cesarean section.Results Fetal macrosomia (OR =3.678,95％ CI:1.456-5.345),placenta adhesion (OR =4.264,95％ CI:1.556-5.646),placenta praevia (OR =2.754,95％ CI:1.754-5.456),multifetal pregnancy (OR =3.964,95％ CI:1.274-4.453) were the risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section.Conclusion Evaluation of the above risk factors before cesarean section was important for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage.

Objective To investigate the correlation between MicroRNA-146a (miR-146a) C ＞ G polymorphism and ischemic stroke.Methods The case control studies of the relationship between miR-146a polymorphism and ischemic stroke published before February 2016 were retrieved comprehensively.The Statal2.0 software package was used to conduct the meta-analysis.The odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate the strength of association between the polymorphisms and the risk of ischemic stroke.Results A total of 8 articles were enrolled,including 2 891 patients in the case group and 4 019 in the control group.The selected literature did not have obvious publication bias.In the general population,the dominant model (GG + CG vs.CC:OR 1.011,95％ CI 0.863-1.185;P =0.889),recessive model (GG vs.CG + CC:OR 0.999,95％ CI 0.761-1.311;P=0.994),heterozygous model (CG vs.CC:OR 1.052,95％ CI 0.943-1.173;P =0.368),homozygous model (GG vs.CC:OR 1.114,95％ CI 0.819-1.515;P =0.491),and allele model (G vs.C:OR 1.062,95％ CI0.919-1.227;P=0.413) did not show significant correlation between the miR-146a C ＞ G polymorphism and the risk of ischemic stroke.Subgroup analysis showed that the miR-146a C ＞ G polymorphism was not associated with the onset risks of large artery atherosclerotic and small arterial occlusive stroke.Conclusions According to the literature available,the miR-146a C ＞ G polymorphism may not be significantly associated with the risk of ischemic stroke.

Objective To investigate the correlation between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene 3 '-untranslated region rs4846049 G/T polymorphism and risk of ischemic stroke in a Chinese Han population. Methods A total of 396 patients with ischemic stroke and 378 healthy subjects (control group ) were selected using a case-control study design. Large artery atherosclerosis and small artery occlusion in the case group were 268 and 128 cases, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and the direct sequencing method were used to detect MTHFR gene rs4846049 G/T polymorphism. Results As compared to the GG genotype, the TT genotype significantly increased the risk of ischemic stroke (odds ratio [OR] 2. 87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1. 43-5. 76;P=0. 003). Compared with G allele, T allele significantly increased the risk of the disease (OR 1. 62, 95% OR 1. 28-2. 06; P< 0. 001 ). Subgroup analyses showed that the rs4846049 G/T polymorphism could significantly increase the onset risks of LAA and SAO subtype stroke (all P<0.05). Conclusions MTHFR gene rs4846049 G/T polymorphism may be associated with the increased susceptibility to ischemic stroke in the Chinese Han population. The T allele may be a genetic risk factor for ischemic stroke in the Chinese Han population.