The patient was a 66-year-old man who presented to our hospital with intermittent abdominal pain. Abdominal ultrasound showed a mass presenting as a target sign in the right abdomen, suggesting intussusception. Subsequent computed tomography (CT) and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a 5 cm lipoma in the ascending colon. The intussusception had resolved spontaneously, so the patient was followed up on an outpatient basis. Although endoscopic treatment was considered for the lipoma, due to its large size, the patient was referred to our department for surgery 1 month later. A follow-up CT scan revealed a recurrence of the intussusception. Because the patient tolerated oral intake, had normal bowel movements without symptoms of bowel obstruction, and experienced only mild abdominal pain, conservative outpatient observation was continued until laparoscopic-assisted ileocecal resection was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 8 without any complications. Colonic lipoma causing intussusception is relatively rare. Since lipoma is a benign disease, it is a good candidate for laparoscopic surgery, which offers excellent cosmetic outcomes and rapid postoperative recovery. Even in cases with intussusception, when there is no bowel obstruction and the abdominal pain is mild, elective surgery within 1-3 months can be considered a viable option.

Metronidazole is an effective antibacterial agent against anaerobic bacteria, and its use in the gastrointestinal field, particularly in patients with intra-abdominal infections, has increased with the availability of injectable formulations. However, a known side effect of metronidazole is central nervous system impairment, namely, metronidazole-induced encephalopathy. Here, we present a case of a 68-year-old man who underwent laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer in March of year X. Postoperatively, metronidazole was administered for pelvic dead space infection and perineal wound infection, and the patient continued the oral medication after discharge. In May of year X, the patient was referred to our institution near his home for postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. In February of year X+1, the patient developed dysarthria, and a FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) image on head magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilaterally symmetric hyperintense lesions in the dentate nuclei of the cerebellum. Suspecting metronidazole-induced encephalopathy based on the medication history, metronidazole was discontinued, leading to symptom improvement within approximately 3 days. We diagnosed metronidazole-induced encephalopathy based on the imaging findings and clinical observations. When using metronidazole, we should pay attention to the dosage and duration of administration and make efforts to detect side effects early.

Splenic rupture can be divided into traumatic and atraumatic forms. Causes of atraumatic splenic rupture include hematologic disease, malignancy, and infection, all of which are extremely rare. An 80-year-old man complaining of left upper abdominal pain was referred to our hospital for further examination and treatment. On arrival, his vital signs were stable, but contrastenhanced computed tomography showed a discontinuity of the splenic membrane and fluid accumulation in the perisplenic area and pelvic floor, suggestive of a hematoma. There was no history of trauma, and suspecting atraumatic splenic rupture, we performed an emergency splenectomy. The patient had a good postoperative course and was discharged on postoperative day 11. He had no previous hematologic disease, and there were no clinical findings suspicious of viral infection. Pathological diagnosis was also negative for malignancy, and idiopathic splenic rupture was diagnosed. We describe here this case of splenectomy for spontaneous splenic rupture.

The patient was a 75-year-old man with advanced rectal cancer underwent abdominoperineal resection and lymph node dissection as conversion surgery after chemotherapy. Intraoperatively, lateral lymph node metastasis was evident in internal iliac vasculature and was deemed unresectable, so chemotherapy was continued after the operation. Due to an elevation in tumor markers and the appearance of lung metastasis, S-1 + irinotecan + bevacizumab therapy was performed as third-line therapy. On day 22 of the third course, he was transported to our hospital with abdominal pain and nausea. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed adhesive bowel obstruction, and chemotherapy was discontinued. Restlessness and diplopia appeared after admission, and magnetic resonance imaging showed a high-intensity area on T2-fluid attenuated inversion recovery images, mainly in the occipital lobe. Because neurological symptoms and imaging findings improved with symptomatic treatment, we diagnosed him with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Although this disease can develop in association with chemotherapy and, for example, eclampsia, sepsis, renal failure, and autoimmune disease, it is rare and we report this case together with a review of the literature.

An 85-year-old woman was transported to our hospital because of nausea and abdominal pain. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed type IV hiatal hernia with incarcerated necrotic transverse colon. Emergency laparotomy was performed. When the incarcerated stomach and transverse colon were returned to the abdominal cavity, the transverse colon was resected and anastomosed due to necrosis. After the hiatal defect was closed, the Toupet method was also performed. No regurgitation or obstruction was observed after the operation, and the patient was discharged 63 days postoperatively. Here we report this rare case of intestinal necrosis due to type IV hiatal hernia and review the literature.

A standard modality for prostate cancer detection in men 75 years and older has not been established. A simple screening method for elderly patients is needed to avoid unnecessary biopsies and to effectively diagnose prostate cancer. A retrospective study was conducted on elderly patients who had prostate biopsy at Kanazawa University Hospital (Kanazawa, Japan) between 2000 and 2017. Of the 2251 patients who underwent prostate biopsy, 254 had clinically significant prostate cancer (CSPC) with a Gleason score (GS) of≥7 and 273 had a GS of <7 or no malignancy. In this study, patients aged 75 years or older were classified as elderly patients. GS ≥ 7 was characterized by a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of the maximum area under the curve of 12 ng ml

Aging ; Biochemistry ; Brachytherapy ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Male ; Polycythemia ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Recurrence ; Reference Values ; Testosterone

Objective: Risk Management Plan (RMP) is created and submitted by a pharmaceutical company while applying for new drug approval; it is published to be used by healthcare professionals. For example, healthcare professionals utilize RMP when considering whether to adopt a drug. However, there is no stipulation for the release date of RMPs; moreover, surveys regarding this are limited. We conducted a cross-sectional survey on the relationship between RMP-related timing and regulatory affairs-related timing.Methods: The surveyed drugs were those for which the first version of RMP was notified by PMDA Medinavi (mail delivery service) in FY2014 and FY2018. We examined regulatory affairs-related timing (i.e., “manufacturing and marketing approval date,” “drugprice standards listing date,” and “release date”) and RMP-related timing (i.e., “RMP creation date” and “Medinavi delivery date”).Results: For 7 of 43 items in FY2014 and 5 of 41 items in FY2018, the “RMP creation date” occurred later than the “drug-price standards listing date.” For one item in FY2014, the “RMP creation date” occurred later than the “release date.” For 12 items in FY2014 and 13 items in FY2018, the “Medinavi delivery date” occurred later than the “release date.”Conclusion: No considerable difference was confirmed between FY2014 and FY2018 regarding RMP-related timing and regulatory affairs timing. It was confirmed that there were several items for which the RMP creation occurred later than drug-price standard listing and items for which the publishing notice by Medinavi was delayed for drug marketing release. To promote the utilization of RMPs by healthcare professionals, RMPs must be created and published without delay.

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of generic direct-acting antiviral treatments for chronic hepatitis C in Vietnam. Methods: The medical records of 522 patients (median 45 years; Female, 25.3%) with chronic hepatitis C treated at a tertiary hospital in northern Vietnam in 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Female patients were significantly older than male patients (median 52, IQR 41-59 vs. 43 years, IQR: 39-55; P<0.001). Among 522 patients, 49.4% were infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 6, followed by 1a (19.0%), 1b (13.0%), and 3 (5.9%). Coinfection with hepatitis B virus or human immunodeficiency virus was noted in 5.8% and 3.1% of patients, respectively. Patients were treated with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin (70.9%), sofosbuvir/pegylated-interferon + ribavirin (13.2%), daclatasvir/ sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin (12.5%), or sofosbuvir/ribavirin (3.4%), and 96.4% (n=503) completed the direct-acting antiviral treatment. No patient discontinued treatment due to adverse event(s). A sustained virologic response 12 weeks after the end of the treatment (SVR12) was evaluated in 62.6% of patients. Overall sustained virologic response 12 weeks after the end of the treatment was 98.7% regardless of HCV genotypes or direct-acting antiviral regimens. The severity of liver stiffness was significantly decreased from 10.2 to 6.3 kilopascals measured by transient elastography by the treatment (P<0.001). Among patients who completed the directacting antiviral treatment, 17.7% returned for further follow-ups after SVR12. Conclusions: In Vietnam, the current generic direct-acting antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis C was effective regardless of HCV genotypes and direct-acting antiviral regimens with the attenuation of liver stiffness. It is feasible to implement direct-acting antiviral treatment to cure chronic hepatitis C patients at any liver fibrosis stages in Vietnam.

Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CCMQ-J) consists of sixty independent questionnaires and 9 physical constitutions called subscales. One type is balanced constitution (i.e., gentleness), and the following eight types represent unbalanced constitution: Qi-deficiency constitution, Yang-deficiency constitution, Yin-deficiency constitution, Phlegm-dampness constitution, Damp-heat constitution, Stagnant Blood constitution, Stagnant Qi constitution, and Inherited Special constitution. In this study, we proposed to determine optimal number of groups in 851 participants recruited from crowdsourcing answered CCMQ-J questionnaire consisting of 60 questions. In the present study, we applied k-means clustering with gap statistics to the questionnaire data and the number of optimal groups was estimated by five. The five groups are mainly characterized by 3 subscales in CCMQ-J, i.e. (i) two subscales corresponding to Yang-deficiency and Qi-depress, (ii) three subscales corresponding to gentleness, Yang-deficiency and Qi-depress (iii) Yang-deficiency, (iv) gentleness, and (v) Qi-depress. In the crowdsourcing survey, two subscales, Yang-deficient and Qi-depress are the most frequently occurred in current Japanese people.