Effects of spontaneous wheel running on the rate of fatty acid synthesis in viva was studied. Adult female rats were housed in a sedentary condition or free access to a running wheel for 50 days.
The weight gain of the exercising rats was slower than that of the sedentary rats. At the end of 50 days free access to the running wheel, the body weight of sedentary rats was 285±8g and that of the exercising rats was 263±5g. This difference in body weight between sedentary and exercising rats was mainly due to the difference in an amount of body fat (47±5g vs. 31±3g) . The weight of the parametrial adipose tissue of the sedentary rats was 6.1±1.0 g and that of the exercising rats was 2.8± 0.6 g. The diameter of adipocytes of the exercising rats was smaller than that of the sedentary rats (118±9 μm v.s. 150±7 μm) on the other hand there was no significant difference in adipocyte number between the both groups.
At the end of 50 days free access to a running wheel, the rats were injected intraperitoneally ³H₂O to determine the total rate of fatty acid synthesis. The rats were killed 60 minutes after the injection and the amount of ³H incorporated from ³H₂O into fatty acid in a parametrial adipose tissue and liver was determined. The amount of fatty acid synthesized was calculated from the amount of ³H incorporated into fatty acid and the specific radioactivity of water in serum. Because it is known that the rate of fatty acid synthesis fluctuates within a day, we measured the rate of fatty acid synthesis during the light and dark period. The rate of fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue of the exercising rats was higher than that of the sedentary rats in both light and dark period (light period : 21.8±5.2 v.s. 6.6±1.7, dark period: 53.5±10.3 vs. 18.2±5.2μ mol C-2 units/tissue/h) . The rate of fatty acid synthesis in liver of the exercising rate was higher than that of the sedentary rats during dark period (480± 79 v.s. 283 ±50 μ mol C-2 units/tissue/h) . During the light period, there was a same tendency in fatty acid synthesis in the liver (230±30 v.s. 197±44) .

Based on previous anther's obsarbations of pseudocholinesterase (PCE) activity correlated with total cholesterol, fluctuation of this enzyme was epidemiologically studied in connection with changes of serum lipids on 225 sprayers of pesticides in citrut fruit area, and results are as follows;
1. PCE activity was slightly correlated with serum triglyceride (γ=0.277) and total cholesterol (γ=0.431) in females but not correlated in males.
2. PCE activity was significantly higher (P<0.05) in hyperlipemic subjects than normolipemic, and obviously higher (P<0.001) in hyperlipemic over weight subjects than hyperlipemic normal weight.
3. The enzyme activity was significantly higher (P<0.05) in hypertriglyceridemic subjects than in normolipemic, and highest (P<0.01) in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesteremia.
4. Serum triglyceride values in males and serum cholesterol values in females were obviously higher (P<0.05) in the high level group of PCE activity than in the low level group.
5. PCE activity was exhibited a tendency of elevation in hypertensive females than in normal blood pressure, and slightly correlated with systoric blood pressure (γ=0.286) and diastoric blood pressure (γ=0.358) in females.
6. PCE activity was found to be lower (P<0.05) in arterioslerotic subjects than nonsclerotic subjects with ocular funduscopic findings.
These epidemiological findings suggested that PCE might play a role in lipid metabolism and reduction of this enzyme might cause disturbances of lipid metabolism.

In order to establish signs in healthy subjects of pulses, tongue, and abdominal palpation determined by diagnostic techniques used in Kampo Medicine, we performed such diagnostic techniques in 71 subjects who had undergone a full physical examination and shown no abnormal signs from the viewpoint of western medicine. Pulses in men were often of medium depth, of medium speed, slightly large and substantive. There seemed to be at least two types of pulse in women, one was similar to the pulse signs found in men while the other was pulses of medium depth, of medium speed, small, and slightly deficient.
The tongue was pale pink, slightly damp, and slightly enlarged. The coating of the tongues was white or slightly white. Abdominal palpation often detected fullness, tenderness or discomfort of the hypochondrium (males and females), right paraumbilical tenderness (females), palpitation above the umbilicus (females), and softness below the umbilicus (males). A statistically significant difference between male and female subjects was noted in softness below the umbilicus which was more common in males, and in paraumbilical tenderness and palpitation above the umbilicus, which was more common in females. There was a significant correlation among signs of abdominal palpation.

Since students who would like to study Kampo medicine more have no opportunity to communicate each other in Northern Japanese Universities, we newly started joint study conferences held by medical students in 2013. The objectives of this paper are to report on these annually held student-based Kampo study conferences in the Hokkaido and Tohoku areas, and the ways each university studies Kampo medicine. In the conference, the students reported on their club activities. Then they studied the history of Kampo medicine and simulation of abdominal diagnosis, and performed group work on case reports together. The number of student participants in these conferences has tripled over 3 years from 18 to 58 (for a total of 111 participants). All members were satisfied with the content. And this reflects medical students' need for a wider perception of Kampo medicine, rather than a limited one gained in their university club activities. We hope this conference will play a major role in other nationwide student-based Kampo study conferences in the years to come.