The electrocardiographic findings in more than 20, 000 athletes are studied.
I. Resting electrocardiograms (ECG) of 10, 149 high school athletes are analysed. Abnormal ECG are encountered in 12.45%. Following findings are found: Right bundle branch block (RBBB) (4.03%), Left ventricular hypertrophy (2.89%), Premature beats (1.09%), A-V block (0.86%), Right ventricular hypertrophy (0.85%) . RBBB are further analysed and divided into 4 types from the QRS pattern in V1. The frequent RBBB in young athletes is confirmed and its significance is also discussed.
II. T wave abnormalities are observed in 5 cases of resting ECGs of all this sample. Essential abnormalities are T wave inversion simulating myocardial infarction in limbs leads (usually in II, III, aVF) and precordial leads and concomitant slight elevation in precordial leads.
Physical and laboratory examinations in 5 cases disclose no evidence of organic heart disease. In 4 of 5 cases, exercise ECGs are revealed the normalisation-tendency of the T wave change. A brief discussion concerning the possible mechanisms of these changes are made.
III. ECGs of middle and old age athletes are also observed at rest and after the long distance running. The distance are different in each age-group, but all of them run at least more than 5 km. The 409 resting ECGs are taken before the running game and the 201 post running tracing are obtained as soon as possible after the game.
At rest, ECG findings suggestive of coronary insufficiency are detected in 4 of 108 samples of sixties group and in 1 of 25 samples of seventies group.
Ischemic electrocardiographic responses after the running game are found as follow: 3/51 (5.8%) of fourties group, 9/59 (15.1%) of fifties group, 20/70 (28.6%) of sixties group and 6/21 (28.6%) of over seventies group.
Arrhythmias are not so frequently observed in each group. These ischemic re-sponses suggest that medical check-up especially cardiovascular evaluation is necessary in middle and old age athletes to prevent accidents on sports.

In dentistry, orthodontic root resorption is a long-lasting issue with no effective treatment strategy, and its mechanisms, especially those related to senescent cells, remain largely unknown. Here, we used an orthodontic intrusion tooth movement model with an L-loop in rats to demonstrate that mechanical stress-induced senescent cells aggravate apical root resorption, which was prevented by administering senolytics (a dasatinib and quercetin cocktail). Our results indicated that cementoblasts and periodontal ligament cells underwent cellular senescence (p21⁺ or p16⁺) and strongly expressed receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANKL) from day three, subsequently inducing tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive odontoclasts and provoking apical root resorption. More p21⁺ senescent cells expressed RANKL than p16⁺ senescent cells. We observed only minor changes in the number of RANKL⁺ non-senescent cells, whereas RANKL⁺ senescent cells markedly increased from day seven. Intriguingly, we also found cathepsin K⁺p21⁺p16⁺ cells in the root resorption fossa, suggesting senescent odontoclasts. Oral administration of dasatinib and quercetin markedly reduced these senescent cells and TRAP⁺ cells, eventually alleviating root resorption. Altogether, these results unveil those aberrant stimuli in orthodontic intrusive tooth movement induced RANKL⁺ early senescent cells, which have a pivotal role in odontoclastogenesis and subsequent root resorption. These findings offer a new therapeutic target to prevent root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement.
Rats ; Animals ; Root Resorption/prevention & control* ; Senotherapeutics ; Stress, Mechanical ; Dasatinib/pharmacology* ; Quercetin/pharmacology* ; Osteoclasts ; Tooth Movement Techniques ; Periodontal Ligament ; RANK Ligand

BACKGROUND: Adjuvants used in inactivated vaccines often upregulate type 2 immunity, which is dominant in allergic diseases. We hypothesised that cumulative adjuvant exposure in infancy may influence the development of allergies later in life by changing the balance of type 1/type 2 immunity. We examined the relationship between immunisation with different vaccine types and later allergic disease development. METHODS: We obtained information regarding vaccinations and allergic diseases through questionnaires that were used in The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), which is a nationwide, multicentre, prospective birth cohort study that included 103,099 pregnant women and their children. We examined potential associations between the initial vaccination before 6 months of age and symptoms related to allergies at 12 months of age. RESULTS: Our statistical analyses included 56,277 children. Physician-diagnosed asthma was associated with receiving three (aOR 1.395, 95% CI 1.028-1.893) or four to five different inactivated vaccines (aOR 1.544, 95% CI 1.149-2.075), compared with children who received only one inactivated vaccine. Similar results were found for two questionnaire-based symptoms, i.e. wheeze (aOR 1.238, 95% CI 1.094-1.401; three vaccines vs. a single vaccine) and eczema (aOR 1.144, 95% CI 1.007-1.299; four or five vaccines vs. a single vaccine). CONCLUSIONS: Our results, which should be cautiously interpreted, suggest that the prevalence of asthma, wheeze and eczema among children at 12 months of age might be related to the amount of inactivated vaccine exposure before 6 months of age. Future work should assess if this association is due to cumulative adjuvant exposure. Despite this possible association, we strongly support the global vaccination strategy and recommend that immunisations continue. TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN000030786 .
Asthma ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Cohort Studies ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Female ; Food Hypersensitivity ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Japan ; Male ; Vaccines, Inactivated ; adverse effects ; Viral Vaccines ; adverse effects