1.The effects of fracture fixation on joint contracture and disuse atrophy in immobilized rat soleus muscle
Akira Nishikawa ; Shunsuke Nishio ; Akiko Nishikawa ; Hidetaka Imagita
Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 2012;61(1):95-101
In the present study, we investigated the effects of fracture fixation on joint contracture and disuse muscle atrophy. We surgically fractured the right hind limbs of male Wistar rats, and then fixed the right ankle joints at maximal plantar flexion for two weeks using dorsal splints. Compared with immobilized healthy and sham operated joints, the fractured joints concomitantly showed highly restricted range of motion and significantly higher degrees of disuse atrophy in soleus muscle; decrease of muscle fiber cross sectional area, development of central core lesion and a change in myosin heavy chain isoforms from slow type myosin to fast type myosin. Therefore, it is suggested that orthopedic fracture fixation induces intense disuse muscle atrophy to aggravate joint contracture.
2.LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF LIFESTYLE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INTERVENTION AND STRUCTURED EXERCISE INTERVENTION
HISAO SUZUKI ; HIDETAKA NISHIKAWA ; NOBUYUKI MIYATAKE ; YUKO NISHIDA ; DA-HONG WANG ; MASAFUMI FUJII ; KAYO TAKAHASHI
Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 2006;55(2):229-236
To promote habitual participation in physical activity, a 3-month program for lifestyle physical activity intervention (L group) and structured exercise intervention (E group) was carried out in a community in Okayama Prefecture. One year later, we compared the two intervention groups in terms of cost-effectiveness and behavioral change in habitual physical activity. A total of 250 subjects voluntarily participated in the lifestyle physical activity intervention ; and a total of 42 subjects participated in the structured exercise intervention. The number of participants decreased to 115 (46%) and 21 (50%), respectively, one year later. However, the proportion of subjects who practice endurance exercise increased significantly in both L and E groups ; and an additional 35 subjects (30%) started to practice endurance exercise in L group and 5 (24%) in E group after the interventions. The cost-effectiveness for a person newly starting the endurance exercise practice in the L group intervention was 29,206 yen ; and the E group intervention was 124,731 yen, a ratio of 1/4.3. The study suggests that the cost-effectiveness for the lifestyle physical activity intervention was 4 times better than the structured exercise intervention.
3.Pulmonary artery banding in early infants with complete atrioventricular canal.
Yoshihiro OSHIMA ; Masahiro YAMAGUCHI ; Yuhei HOSOKAWA ; Hidetaka OHASHI ; Masanao IMAI ; Teruo TEI ; Tetsuro YAMAMOTO ; Yasushi NISHIKAWA ; Takuro TSUKUBE ; Hiromi MAEDA
Japanese Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 1989;19(1):1-6
Infants with complete atrioventricular canal (CAVC) and severe congestive heart failure, not responding to medical managements, presents a difficult management problem. Between December, 1980, and August, 1987, 16 infants with CAVC presenting severe congestive heart failure underwent pulmonary artery banding. Average age at operation was 1.7 months (0.5 to 4) and average weight was 3.5kg (2.5∼4.9). Only four patients were older than 3 months of age at operation. Pre-operative cardiac catheterization and echocardiogram demonstrated that seven patients had mild to severe left atrioventricular valve regurgitation. Hospital death occurred in one patient (6%) due to rupture of the pulmonary artery. Of three late deaths, one patient had congestive heart failure, and one patient complicated with partial obstruction of right pulmonary artery died suddenly of an upper respiratory infection 11 months after rebanding. Survivors have been followed 18 to 94 months and all patients are growing at an increased rate postoperatively. In five patients of 12 long-term survivors who have undergone cardiac catheterization 37 to 83 months after the operation, pulmonary/systemic systolic pressure ratio (PP/PS) were 0.2∼0.42 (average 0.28). It is concluded that the pulmonary artery banding in infants with CAVC can be performed with low operative and late mortality and can provide good relief of symptoms and allow normal growth and development. It should be emphasized that early surgical palliation is mandatory to prevent the development of pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary emphysematous change.