The micronuclear cell rate of nucleated erythrocyte of bone marrow in 30 cases of radiologists and 20 cases of normal controls have been compared. The result showed that the mioronuclear cell rate in bone marrow of radiologists is higher than that of normal contrls and the difference is significant(P0.06).

The importance of rational use of drugs was discussed in this paper. The evaluation indexes include safe, effective, immediate, convenient and economic use of drugs. There are 5 aspects in the practice measures. The aim of present paper is to unify understanding, to improve the existing problems one by one and thus to carry out rational use of drugs.

ObjectiveTo analyze the effect of speech therapy on severe hyperkinetic dysarthria. Methods30 patients with severe hyperkinetic dysarthria who received breath training, relaxation training of head and neck, ice stimulation, training of lip, tongue and mandible, phonation training were reviewed. They were assessed with CRRC dysarthria test. Results90% of them improved. ConclusionSpeech therapy can improve the symptom of severe hyperkinetic dysarthria.

Objective To observe the speech outcome of global aphasia after treatment.Methods 2 cases with global aphasia were trained using the Schuell aphasic stimulation approach,promoting aphasics communication effectiveness(PACE) and functional communication therapy(FCT),and assessed with the Standard Aphasia Examination of Chinese.Results Both patients showed obvious improvement.Conclusion The features of global aphasia can become as something of motor aphasia after speech training for several months or years.

Objective To observe the speech therapy for hyperkinetic dysarthria in children with athetoid cerebral palsy (CP). Methods A girl was reviewed with Evaluation of Dysarthia and Speech Intelligibility. Results The articulation and intelligibility of the speech improved after treatment. Conclusion Speech therapy is effective on hyperkinetic dysarthria in children with athetoid

Effective leadership is crucial for health organizations' performance and numerous western universities thus offer leadership courses or modules to their students.However,such education practice has not started in China.In order to optimize knowledge and skills of health service management practitioners,to content with requirements of health service organizations,to cope with dynamic organization environment,to implement health reform successfully and to realized sustainable development of health organizations,it is necessary to provide leadership course for students of health service management at Chinese universities.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for carotid artery atherosclerosis in young and middle-aged patients with ischemic stroke and the effect of serum lipoprotcin(a) [(Lp (a)] level on young and middle-aged patients with ischemic stroke.Methods Patients with ischemic stroke between the ages of 18 to 55 were enrolled.Carotid artery ultrasonography was used to evaluate the degree of carotid artery atherosclerosis,and the concentrations of serum total cholesterol,triglycerides,high density lipoprotein cholesterol,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,very low density lipoprotein cholesterol,apolipoprotein A1,apolipoprotein B and Lp(a) were detected.According to the results of carotid ultrasound,the patients were divided into groups of without atherosclerosis,plaque without stenosis,and carotid artery stenosis.The demographic and clinical features were compared among the 3 groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors for carotid artery atherosclerosis in young and middle-aged patients with ischemic stroke.Results A total of 106 patients with ischemic stroke (n =50 in the without atherosclerosis group,n =44 in the plaque without stenosis group,n =12 in the carotid artery stenosis group) were enrolled in the study.The constituent ratios of age (45.98 ±7.12,50.07 ±4.79,and 50.92 ± 1.83 years,respectively; F =7.169,P =0.001),hypertension (26.0％,47.7％ and 58.3％,respectively; x2 =6.862,P =0.032),diabetes mellitus (22.0％,45.5％ and 66.7％,respectively; x2 =10.729,P =0.005),hyperlipidemia (24.0％,40.1％ and 75.0％,respectively; x2=11.372,P=0.003) and smoking (34.0％,61.4％ and 75.0％,respectively;x2 =10.93,P=0.006),as well as the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.03 ± 0.26,0.95 ± 0.26 and 0.76 ± 0.08 mmol/L,respectively; F=5.882,P =0.004) and Lp (a) (0.108 ± 0.044,0.155 ± 0.028 and 0.200 ± 0.011 g/L,respectively; F =41.556,P =0.000) levels had significant differences in the 3 groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age ＞ 48 years (plaques without stenosis:odds ratio [OR] 2.89,95％ confidenee interval [CI] 1.20-6.96,P =0.018; carotid artery stenosis:OR 4.43,95％ CI 1.19-16.57,P =0.027),hypertension (plaque without stenosis:OR 2.60,95 ％ CI 1.09-6.18,P =0.031; carotid artery stenosis:OR 3.99,95％ CI 1.08-14.77,P =0.039),diabetes (plaque without stenosis:OR 2.96,95％ CI 1.21-7.23,P=0.018; carotid artery stenosis:OR 7.09,95％ CI 1.79-28.02,P =0.005),hyperlipidemia (plaque without stenosis:OR 2.19,95％ CI 0.91-5.31,P =0.082; carotid artery stenosis:OR 9.50,95％ CI 2.21-40.86,P =0.002),smoking (plaque without stenosis:OR 3.08,95％ CI 1.33-7.16,P =0.009; carotid artery stenosis:OR 5.82,95％ CI 1.39-24.38,P =0.016),and Lp (a) (plaque without stenosis:OR 4.38,95％ CI 1.76-10.90,P=0.001; carotid artery stenosis:OR 12.80,95％ CI 2.73-52.67,P =0.001) were the independent risk factors for carotid artery atherosclerosis in young and middle-aged patients with ischemic stroke.Conclusions Age,smoking hypertension,diabetes and Lp(a) were the independent risk factors for carotid artery atherosclerosis in young and middle-aged patients with ischemic stroke.

This paper introduced the fair benchmarks of evaluation framework for health system constructed by Daniels, et al, and its developmental application in evaluation of health resource allocation fairness .After introdu-cing the resources rational allocation of public health fair benchmarking fixed framework , this paper assessed the al-location of health resources according to the fixed framework .China has achieved good results in public health serv-ice interventions .But public sector governance , macro economic and social policy environment , factors such as ac-countability may restrict the improvement of the health care system .China's health expenditure allocations have un-fairness between provinces , urban and rural areas and different classes .China can use the new benchmark in the field of public health to promote the reform of health resource allocation fairness , make effective social health strate-gies.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the material foundation of kidney-yang-deficiency syndrome. METHODS: Two kinds of rat models of deficiency of kidney-yang were induced by adenine intragastric administration (model I) and hydrocortisone intramuscular injection (model II). One hundred rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model I group, low-dose model II group, medium-dose model II group and high-dose model II group. After model establishment, contents of serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and urine creatinine (UCr) were detected by automatic biochemistry analyzer; freezing point method was used for 24-hour urinary osmotic pressure (Uosm) testing and kaolinite method was used to detect the content of urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid (17-OHCS). Expression of aquaporin-1 in renal tissue was observed by using real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The rats of model groups had the characteristics of kidney-yang deficiency syndrome. The contents of SCr and BUN were significantly higher in model I group than in normal control group and three model II groups (P<0.05), and UCr and Uosm were significantly lower (P<0.05). The level of urinary 17-OHCS and expression of aquaporin-1 in renal tissue were decreased in the model I group (P<0.05) as compared with the normal control group. Compared with the normal control group, the content of SCr was increased and urinary 17-OHCS was decreased in the medium-dose model II group, but the expression of aquaporin-1 was increased in three model II groups with a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: Aquaporin-1 may be one of the material foundations of kidney-yang-deficiency syndrome.