Objective:To explore the effect of swallowing fluids of different viscosities in different head positions on the surface electromyography (sEMG) of the suprahyoid muscles.Methods:Twenty healthy adults were asked to swallow 5ml of liquids with 5 different viscosities in 3 different head positions. sEMG signals were recorded from their suprahyoid muscles in real time. The interactions between viscosity, head position and suprahyoid muscle activation were determined using simple effect analysis.Results:Significant head position and viscosity effects were observed. In the head-turning-right or the right head-flexion position, the net amplitude values of the left suprahyoid muscles were significantly higher than those from the right side when swallowing fluid of the same viscosity. Meanwhile, the net amplitude values of the left suprahyoid muscles increased gradually and significantly from the neutral position to the head-turning-right and the right head-flexion positions. When swallowing fluid with a viscosity of 0 to 3, the net amplitude values of the right suprahyoid muscles in the right head-flexion position were significantly lower than in the neutral and right head-flexion positions. With a viscosity of 4 the values of the former were significantly higher than the latter. The net amplitude of the left superhyoid muscle group when swallowing zero-viscosity food in a head-turning-right position was significantly lower than that when swallowing food of viscosity 1 to 4. In the right head-flexion position, the net amplitude of the left superhyoid muscle group when swallowing zero-viscosity food was significantly lower than that when swallowing food of viscosity 2 to 4. When swallowing fluid of viscosity 1 it was also significantly lower than that when swallowing food of viscosity 3 to 4. In the same position, the net amplitude of the right suprhyoid muscle group when swallowing fluid of viscosity 4 was significantly higher than that with a viscosity of 0 to 1. At viscosity 3 it was significantly higher than with a viscosity of 1.Conclusion:Swallowing fluids of different viscosities in different head positions can affect the contraction of the suprahyoid muscles to different degrees.

Objective:To construct a real-time artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted endoscepic diagnosis system based on YOLO v3 algorithm, and to evaluate its ability of detecting focal gastric lesions in gastroscopy.Methods:A total of 5 488 white light gastroscopic images (2 733 images with gastric focal lesions and 2 755 images without gastric focal lesions) from June to November 2019 and videos of 92 cases (288 168 clear stomach frames) from May to June 2020 at the Digestive Endoscopy Center of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were retrospectively collected for AI System test. A total of 3 997 prospective consecutive patients undergoing gastroscopy at the Digestive Endoscopy Center of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from July 6, 2020 to November 27, 2020 and May 6, 2021 to August 2, 2021 were enrolled to assess the clinical applicability of AI System. When AI System recognized an abnormal lesion, it marked the lesion with a blue box as a warning. The ability to identify focal gastric lesions and the frequency and causes of false positives and false negatives of AI System were statistically analyzed.Results:In the image test set, the accuracy, the sensitivity, the specificity, the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value of AI System were 92.3% (5 064/5 488), 95.0% (2 597/2 733), 89.5% (2 467/ 2 755), 90.0% (2 597/2 885) and 94.8% (2 467/2 603), respectively. In the video test set, the accuracy, the sensitivity, the specificity, the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value of AI System were 95.4% (274 792/288 168), 95.2% (109 727/115 287), 95.5% (165 065/172 881), 93.4% (109 727/117 543) and 96.7% (165 065/170 625), respectively. In clinical application, the detection rate of local gastric lesions by AI System was 93.0% (6 830/7 344). A total of 514 focal gastric lesions were missed by AI System. The main reasons were punctate erosions (48.8%, 251/514), diminutive xanthomas (22.8%, 117/514) and diminutive polyps (21.4%, 110/514). The mean number of false positives per gastroscopy was 2 (1, 4), most of which were due to normal mucosa folds (50.2%, 5 635/11 225), bubbles and mucus (35.0%, 3 928/11 225), and liquid deposited in the fundus (9.1%, 1 021/11 225).Conclusion:The application of AI System can increase the detection rate of focal gastric lesions.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To explore the pharmacological mechanism of trace elements in preterm low birth weight infants through network pharmacology. METHODS Targets associated with trace elements were obtained from Drugbank database and TTD database. Genes related to preterm low birth weight infants were collected from GeneCards database and DisGeNET database. Two groups of data were intersected to get mapping targets. Protein-protein interaction network of mapping targets were constructed by STRING database. Candidate targets were screened by Cytoscape 3.6.1 and ranked to obtain key targets. The major trace elements were defined by establishing network of “trace elements-candidate targets”. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) and Gene Ontology(GO) term enrichment analysis was performed via g:Profiler software to predict the molecular mechanisms and related pathways of trace elements on preterm low birth weight infants. RESULTS A sum of 211 targets of trace elements in preterm low birth weight infants were screened, including 26 candidate targets and three key targets: albumin(ALB), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH) and fibronectin 1(FN1). The major trace elements were copper(Cu) and zinc(Zn), regulating 22 and 19 targets respectively. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis predicted that three major pathways were complement and coagulation cascades, cholesterol metabolism as well as lipid and atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION The major trace elements Cu and Zn may cause neuronal damage and reduce the risk of oxidative stress-related diseases in premature infants through the regulation of GAPDH, ceruloplasmin(CP), superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1), etc. The appropriate levels of Cu and Zn for preterm infants may regulate cholesterol metabolism and other signaling pathways and therefore reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases in premature infants and adult. Further investigation of the pharmacological mechanism of trace elements in preterm infants is necessary to provide a more sufficient theoretical basis for the good growth and development of preterm infants.