ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of puerarin on the expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in the retina of diabetic rats.MethodsThe diabetic retinopathy rat model was established.Rats were randomly divided into three groups (normal,diabetic,and diabetic with puerarin injection).The pathological changes of the retinopathy were examined.PEDF was analyzed with PCR in different time point.Results Body weight of diabetic group [ ( 216.9 ± 8.37 ) g,and(179.1 ±7.56)g] was compared with normal group[ (298.2 -±6.78)g,and(323.5 -±6.45)g] in the 3 month and 5 month ( q =12.39,P ＜0.01 ; q =15.47,P ＜0.01 ).Blood glucose of diabetic group and diabetic with puerarin injection group was compared with normal group at each time point ( P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05 ).HE staining of the retina of diabetic rats indicated a diabetic retinopathy occurred in the early - stage in diabetic group,but changed slightly in the diabetic model with an injection of puerarin.The PEDF expression at the 5 month time point in normal group,diabetic group,and diabetic group with puerarin injection was 8.833 (1.200),1.650(3.300),and 8.350( 1.100),respectively.Compared with normal group and diabetic group with puerarin injection,the level of PEDF was significantly decreased in diabetic group (x2 =48.57,P ＜ 0.01 ;x2=48.46,P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionsPuerarin can alleviate the retinal pathological damage of diabetic rats,early intervention with puerarin can prevent from the expression of PEDF and delay the diabetic retinopathy process.

BACKGROUND:Skeletal muscle satel ite cells are totipotential stem cells with multi-directional differentiation potential, locate in skeletal muscle interstitium, have a certain tolerance to ischemia and hypoxia, and are important cells in stem cellengineering.
OBJECTIVE:To establish a thrifty, convenient culture procedure and create a simple, efficient method to transfect skeletal muscle satel ite cells, and investigate genetic expression after the transfection for cellular cardiomyoplasty.
METHODS:Skeletal muscle satel ite cells were isolated from rabbit thigh and cultured. Their growth curves were determined by CKK-8 method. Grouped by different proportions of the plasmid and liposome, skeletal muscle satel ite cells were transfered by the enhanced green fluorescent protein plasmid based on liposome. After transfection, the efficiency and character of target genetic expression was determined.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Satel ite cells were isolated, cultured and transfected successful y. In suitable ratio of plasmid and liposomes, the transfection efficiency reached up to above 35%. The target protein was expressed within 12 hours after transfection, reached maximum in 48-72 hours and decreased gradual y after one week. The expression stil could be observed two weeks latter. The enhanced green fluorescent protein plasmid conducted by cationic liposome could be transfered into skeletal muscle satel ite cells efficiently. The transfection efficiency was correlated closely to the ratio of plasmid and lipofectamine. The change of target gene expression depended on time.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have found that skeletal muscle satellite cell transplantation can induce angiogenesisin myocardial infarction area, reduce infarct size and improve cardiac function. But the overall effect is not satisfactory.OBJECTIVE: To observe the survival of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) gene modified skeletal muscle satellitecells in acute myocardial infarction and to observe the expression of bFGF gene and the effect of cell transplantation onangiogenesis in myocardial infarction area.METHODS: Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were divided into three groups by random: skeletal muscle satellite cellgroup (control group), bFGF gene enhanced skeletal muscle satellite cell group (experimental group) and blank controlgroup. The left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery of the rabbits was ligated so as to establish an animalmodel of acute myocardial infarction in the former two groups. After labeled by DAPI before transplantation, the skeletalmuscle satellite cells, bFGF gene modified skeletal muscle satellite cells and the equivalent amount of DMEM/F12 wereinjected into the local infarct myocardium correspondingly. Samples were taken 4 weeks after transplantation. Then, thesurvival of skeletal muscle satellite cells and the expression of bFGF gene were observed under light microscope andfluorescence microscope, and the neovascularization in the myocardial infarction area was examined byimmunohistochemical staining.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: No DAPI-labeled cells were visible in the blank control group, but in the other twogroups, a large amount of DAPI-labeled skeletal muscle satellite cells were seen in the infarction area. Enhanced greenfluorescent protein was highly expressed in the experimental group. Microvessel density in the infarction area washighest in the experimental group followed by the control and blank control groups (P < 0.05). These findings indicatethat bFGF gene modified skeletal muscle satellite cells can survive and promote neovascularization in the acutemyocardial infarction area.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of dyslipidemia among residents in Chengdu City, so as to provide insights into improving the prevention and control of dyslipidemia. Methods: Based on the baseline survey of the Natural Population Cohort Study in Southwest China, residents aged 30 to 79 years was selected from 34 towns (communities) in 5 counties (districts) of Chengdu City using the multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method in 2018. Demographic information and lifestyle behaviors were collected through questionnaires. Blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, serum uric acid, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were collected through physical examination and laboratory tests. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the factors affecting dyslipidamia. Results: A total of 21 113 participants were surveyed, including 9 331 males (44.20%) and 11 782 females (55.80%), and had a mean age of (50.80±12.32) years. The prevalence rate of dyslipidemia was 35.64%, and the prevalence rates of high TG, low-HDL-C, high TC and high LDL-C were 17.25%, 11.88%, 10.11% and 7.35%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified gender (male, OR=1.584, 95%CI: 1.463-1.716), age (50 to 79 years old, OR：1.221-1.444, 95%CI: 1.079-1.632), residence (urban, OR=1.123, 95%CI: 1.052-1.198), marital status (not married, OR=1.246, 95%CI: 1.128-1.376), educational level (high school and above, OR=0.914, 95%CI: 0.849-0.983), current smoking (OR=1.220, 95%CI: 1.121-1.327), drinking (1 to 2 d/week, OR=1.525, 95%CI: 1.368-1.700; 3 to 5 d/week, OR=1.857, 95%CI: 1.575-2.191; almost every day, OR=1.512, 95%CI: 1.269-1.801), sedentary time in leisure time (>2 h/d, OR=1.123, 95%CI: 1.046-1.206), central obesity (OR=2.212, 95%CI: 1.986-2.265), hypertension (OR=1.489, 95%CI: 1.388-1.598), diabetes (OR=1.998, 95%CI: 1.833-2.157) and hyperuricemia (OR=2.012, 95%CI: 1.848-2.192) as factors affecting dyslipidemia. Conclusion The prevalence of dyslipidemia among residents in Chengdu City was mainly associated with smoking, drinking, sedentary time, central obesity, hypertension, diabetes and hyperuricemia.

Coxsackievirns A16(CVA16),together with enterovirus type 71(EV71),is responsible for most cases of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD) worldwide.Recent findings suggest that the recombination between CVA16 and EV71,and the co-circulation of these two viruses may have contributed to the increase of HFMD cases in China over the past few years.It is therefore important to further understand the virology,epidemlology,virus-host interactions and host pathogeuesis of CVA16.In this study,we describe the viral kinetics of CVAI6 in human rhabdomyosarcoma(RD) cells by analyzing the cytopathic effect(CPE),viral RNA replication,viral protein expression,viral RNA package and viral particle secretion in RD cells.We show that CVA16 appears to first attach,uncoat and enter into the host cell after adsorption for 1 h.Later on,CVA16 undergoes rapid replication from 3 to 6 h at MOI 1 and until 9 h at MOI 0.1.At MOI 0.1,CVA16 initiates a secondary infection as the virions were secreted before 9 h p.i.CPE was observed after 12 h p.i.,and viral antigen was first detected at 6 h p.i.at MOI 1 and at 9 h p.i.at MOI 0.1.Thus,our study provides important information for further investigation of CVA16 in order to better understand and ultimately control infections with this virus.

Objective To investigate gallic acid-derived chemical constituents of Choerospondias axillaries (Roxb.) Burtt. et Hill., and evaluate their in vitro anti-tumor, anti-hypoxia and anti-bacteria activities. Methods The aimed chemical constituents were isolated by various chromatographic means, and their structures were identified by physicochemical and spectroscopic data. MTT method was employed to evaluate anti-tumor and anti-hypoxia activities. Antibacterial activities were tested by paper disc method. Results Seven compounds 1-7 were isolated from the stem barks of Choerospondias axillaries (Roxb.) Burtt. et Hill. and identified as gallic acid(1), gallic acid ethyl ether(2), 1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose(3), 1,6-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose(4), 1,4-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose(5), 1,4,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose(6), and 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose(7). Compounds 1, 2 and 4-6 significantly inhibited K562 cells with the IC50 values of 2.9, 14.6, 39.1, 40.2, 41.2 μg/ml, respectively, and 3 and 7 also showed a slight inhibition of the K562 cells with the inhibition rate of 20.8% and 30.1% at 100 μg/ml respectively. Compounds 1-7 showed protective effects on anoxia-induced injury in cultured ECV304 and PC12 cells at the concentrations showing no significant cytotoxicity, and 5-7 also showed an antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 to a certain extent. Conclusion Compounds 2-7 were isolated from the genus Choerospondias for the first time. It was the first time to report 1-7 as anti-tumor and anti-hypoxia constituents of Choerospondias axillaries, and the anti-hypoxia activity for 1-7 was also recorded for the first time in the present study.

Objective To investigate the status on health‐related knowledge and skills among the patients in the Chongqing area and to provide basis for developing public health‐related knowledge and skills .Methods Seven hundred and sixty‐eight patients from 8 general hospitals were sampled ,using the stratified random sampling method .A cross‐sectional investigation on health literacy was conducted with questionnaire“ health awareness survey of patients”,and SAS8 .0 was used to statistically analyze the data .Results The awareness rate of health literacy in Chongqing was 4 .82% .As for the 3 health literacy related aspects including basic health concept and knowledge ,health lif‐estyle and behaviors ,and the health related skills ,the rates were 16 .28% ,2 .21% and 38 .41% respectively .Besides ,the rate of the 5 as‐pects including health conception ,the prevention of infection ,the prevention of chronic diseases ,the safety and the first aid ,the basic medical treatment of analysis were 10 .68% ,20 .31% ,8 .59% ,23 .57% ,10 .68% respectively .There noticed significant differences in different re‐gions ,education ,profession ,the condition of relatives engaged in medical ,medical insurance category(P<0 .05) .Profession and the condition of relatives engaged in medical were the main influencing factors on the level of health‐related knowledge and skills among the patients(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The prevalence of basic health‐related knowledge and skills is low in Chongqing city and we should make comprehensive interventions to improve health liter of patients .

Objective Through the analysis of the pathogens distribution of out-patient department and emergency department patients with diarrhea from Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University in 2013~2014,so as to provide reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of diarrhea disease.While understanding the improved Salmonella detection results.Methods Var-ied pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified from 1 719 diarhea stool samples of native Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University from 2013 to 2014 through enrich culture,separate culture,biochemistry,serology etc.Pathogenic virus were test-ed for 451 watery stool specimens by fluorescence PCR.Analyzed statistical differences between the direct inoculation and selenite cystine broth enrichment for Salmonella.Results Picked out 143 disease germs from 1 719 examples diarrhea pa-tient’s stool samples,among which there were 25 strains of ETEC,12 strains of EPEC,8 strains of EAEC,1 strains of EIEC,19 strains ofVibrio parahemolyticus,76 strains Salmonella,2 strains Shigella and 0 strain ofVibrio cholera.There were 10 samples with two disease germs timely.Picked out 189 disease viruses from 451 examples diarrhea patient’s stool without disease germs,among which there were 79 Rotaviruspositive,91 Norwalkvirus positive,9 Adenoviruspositive,10 Astrovirus positive.There were 4 samples with Rotavirus and Norwalkvirus timely.After Salmonella ways to improve the positive rate of 0.6% (17/2 627)increased to 4.4% (76/1 719),χ2=67.2,P<0.01,the difference was statistically signifi-cant.Conclusion The detectable rate of Salmonella and Norwalk virus was the majority,and the clinic enhance the test of the diarrhea pathogenic microorganism,including the improvement of detection method,to reduce the missing rate of them,to provide the scientific basis for the diagnostical therapectic measures.

Objective To observe the effect of flexible laryngeal mask (FLMA) in transnaso-sphenoidal microsurgery for pituitary adenoma on airway management and variation of stress response.Methods One hundred patients (71 males, 29 females, aged 18-65 years, BMI 21-28 kg/m2, ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ) undergoing transnaso-sphenoidal microsurgery for pituitary adenoma were randomly divided into two groups: the FLMA group (group F) and the reinforced endotracheal tube group (group T) using a random number table, 50 cases in each group.The plasma concentration of epinephrine and norepinephrine were measured before anesthesia induction (T0), at the time of inserting the FLMA or reinforced endotracheal tube (T1), 1 min (T2) and 5 min (T3) after insertion.The Berry scores of the preoperative and postoperative airway exposure by branchofiberoscope in group F were assessed.The time of removal of FLMA (endotracheal tube) and the occurrence of choking, laryngeal spasm, sore throat, hoarseness and other adverse reactions were recorded.Results The levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine were were significantly lower at T2 and T3 in group F than those in group T (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in airway Berry scores.The time of extubation was shorter in group F than that in group T [(9±3) min vs (17±6) min] (P<0.05).The incidence of choking (2% vs 22%) and sore throat (4% vs 30%) were significantly lower in group F than those in group T (P<0.05).Conclusion Compared with the reinforced endotracheal tube, FLMA can be applied safely and effectively to transnaso-sphenoidal microsurgery for pituitary adenoma, reduces stress respond associated with anesthesia and post-extubation complications, improves the recovery of patients.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oxycodone in patients undergoing microvascular decompression in treating trigeminal neuralgia and oxycodone versus sufentanil on early recovery after microvascular decompression in treating trigeminal neuralgia.Methods Eighty-six patients (38 males, 48 females, aged 18-65 years, BMI 18-30 kg/m2, ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ) scheduled for microvascular decompression in treating trigeminal neuralgia, were randomly divided into either oxycodone group (group O) and sufentanil group (group S) using a random number table, n=43 in each group.All patients received combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia, as well as oxycodone 0.3 mg/kg injected intravenously in group O, sufentanil 0.4 μg/kg injected intravenously in group S for anesthesia induced analgesia.When the epidural was closed, oxycodone 0.07 mg/kg was injected intravenously in group O, sufentanil 0.1 μg/kg was injected intravenously in group S.On preoperative day 1 and 4, 24, 48 hours after surgery, numeric rating scale (NRS) was used to assess the incision pain and facial pain.When NRS scores≥4, oxycodone 3 mg in group O and sufentanil 5 μg in group S was injected intravenously as rescue analgesic.On preoperative day 1 and 3 days after surgery, the global QoR-40 aggregating score was used to assess the quality of patients recovery.The requirement for rescue analgesics was recorded.The occurrences of nausea and vomiting were recorded.Extubation time and discharge were recorded.The other adverse events (bradycardia, dysuria, dizziness and pruritus) were recorded.Results Compared with group S, the physical comfort score, the emotional state score, the psychological support score, the pain score and the global QoR-40 scores were higher in group O 3 days after surgery (P<0.05).Compared with group S, the incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in group O (20.9% vs 37.2%) (P<0.05).Conclusion In surgery less than 5 hours of microvascular decompression on treating trigeminal neuralgia, oxycodone 0.3 mg/kg can be safely and effectively used for anesthesia induction, oxycodone 0.07 mg/kg and 3 mg can be respectively used for postoperative prophylactic analgesia and remedial analgesia.Compared with sufentanil, oxycodone can improve the quality of recovery during the early period after microvascular decompression on treating trigeminal neuralgia, and decrease the incidence of nausea and vomiting.