To summarize the distribution characteristics of human papillomavirus(HPV) infection types in patients with cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion(SIL) and cervical cancer(CC), and to explore the impact of HPV vaccination, HPV infection types, and general clinical data on different grades of cervical lesions.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） is a common disease with a high incidence and mortality rate in the world. It is characterized by chronic inflammation and structural obstruction and is not completely reversible which will lead to shortness of breath caused by air retention and physical exertion. Traditional Chinese medicine proposes the concept of "lung collaterals"， which refers to the collateral vessels scattered throughout the lungs and lung system. The lung collaterals include the pulse collaterals and Qi collaterals. The blood circulation in the pulse collaterals belongs to Yin， distributed internally along the way. The Qi circulation in the Qi collateral belongs to Yang and is distributed externally. In western medicine， the pulse collaterals have an identity with large， medium， and small blood vessels， microvessels， and especially microcirculation. The Qi collateral encompasses systems such as the nervous， endocrine， and immune system. Pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells （HPMECs） are an important component of the pulmonary microvascular endothelium. Recent studies have found that HPMECs are the main damaged cells in the pathogenesis of COPD， mediating the occurrence and development of COPD. Traditional Chinese medicine can regulate HPMECs to treat COPD through multiple components， targets， and pathways， and has the advantage of reducing western medicine resistance and many side effects. Based on the "lung collateral theory"， this paper focused on HPMECs， and elaborated on the new connotation of traditional Chinese medicine in protecting HPMECs to treat COPD， aiming to provide new insights for the clinical treatment of COPD by protecting HPMECs.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） is a common disease with a high incidence and mortality rate in the world. It is characterized by chronic inflammation and structural obstruction and is not completely reversible which will lead to shortness of breath caused by air retention and physical exertion. Traditional Chinese medicine proposes the concept of "lung collaterals"， which refers to the collateral vessels scattered throughout the lungs and lung system. The lung collaterals include the pulse collaterals and Qi collaterals. The blood circulation in the pulse collaterals belongs to Yin， distributed internally along the way. The Qi circulation in the Qi collateral belongs to Yang and is distributed externally. In western medicine， the pulse collaterals have an identity with large， medium， and small blood vessels， microvessels， and especially microcirculation. The Qi collateral encompasses systems such as the nervous， endocrine， and immune system. Pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells （HPMECs） are an important component of the pulmonary microvascular endothelium. Recent studies have found that HPMECs are the main damaged cells in the pathogenesis of COPD， mediating the occurrence and development of COPD. Traditional Chinese medicine can regulate HPMECs to treat COPD through multiple components， targets， and pathways， and has the advantage of reducing western medicine resistance and many side effects. Based on the "lung collateral theory"， this paper focused on HPMECs， and elaborated on the new connotation of traditional Chinese medicine in protecting HPMECs to treat COPD， aiming to provide new insights for the clinical treatment of COPD by protecting HPMECs.

ObjectiveBy exploring the influencing factors of readmission in patients with stable angina of coronary heart disease （CHD） based on real-world clinical data， to establish a risk prediction model of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine， in order to provide a basis for early identification of high-risk populations and reducing readmission rates. MethodsA prospective clinical study was conducted involving patients with stable angina pectoris of CHD， who were divided into a training set and a validation set at a 7∶3 ratio. General information， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）-related data， and laboratory test results were uniformly collected. After a one-year follow-up， patients were classified into a readmission group and a non-readmission group based on whether they were readmitted. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for readmission. A risk prediction model of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine was constructed and visualized using a nomogram. The model was validated and evaluated in terms of discrimination， calibration， and clinical decision curve analysis. ResultsA total of 682 patients were included， with 477 in the training set and 205 in the validation set， among whom 89 patients were readmitted. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified heart failure history ［OR = 6.93， 95% CI （1.58， 30.45）］， wiry pulse ［OR = 2.58， 95% CI （1.42， 4.72）］， weak pulse ［OR = 3.97， 95% CI （2.06， 7.67）］， teeth-marked tongue ［OR = 4.38， 95% CI （2.32， 8.27）］， blood stasis constitution ［OR = 2.17， 95% CI （1.06， 4.44）］， phlegm-stasis mutual syndrome ［OR = 3.64， 95% CI （1.87， 7.09）］， and elevated non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ［OR = 1.30， 95% CI （1.01， 1.69）］ as influencing factors of readmission. These factors were used as predictors to construct a nomogram-based risk prediction model for readmission in patients with stable angina. The model demonstrated moderate predictive capability， with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve （AUC） of 0.818 ［95% CI （0.781， 0.852）］ in the training set and 0.816 ［95% CI （0.779， 0.850）］ in the validation set. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed good calibration （χ² = 4.55， P = 0.80）， and the model's predictive ability was stable. When the threshold probability exceeded 5%， the clinical net benefit of using the model to predict readmission risk was significantly higher than intervening in all patients. ConclusionHistory of heart failure， teeth-marked tongue， weak pulse， wiry pulse， phlegm-stasis mutual syndrome， blood stasis constitution， and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are influencing factors for readmission in patients with stable angina of CHD. A clinical prediction model was developed based on these factors， which showed good discrimination， calibration， and clinical utility， providing a scientific basis for predicting readmission events in patients with stable angina.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent intestinal inflammatory disease, which not only affects the digestive tract, but also involves extraintestinal organs and tissues such as joints and eyes, and ultimately endangers human health and affects the quality of life of patients. With the development of information technology, there is an increasing application of digital therapeutics in the management of IBD. This article aims to comprehensively analyze the characteristics, use, and challenges of digital therapeutics in the management of IBD, and explore its potential to improve treatment adherence, disease surveillance, and improve patients' quality of life.

Objective To analyze the risk factors and clinical outcomes of cognitive impairment in elderly patients with heart disease after surgery.Methods A total of 156 patients with heart valve diseases undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of H ainan Medical University from October 2021 to December 2023 were prospectively recruited.At 7 d postoperatively,Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)scale was used to assess their cogni-tive function,and based on MoCA score＜26 or not,they patients were divided into a cognitive impairment group(n=61)and a control group(n=95).The clinical features were compared be-tween the two groups,and the risk factors for cognitive impairment were analyzed.All patients were followed up for 1 year to compare the outcomes of the two groups.Results The cognitive impairment group had significantly advanced age,larger proportions of concomitant chronic respiratory diseases and sarcopenia,increased ratio of undergoing open heart surgery,and elevated incidence of intraoperative hypotension than the control group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age,chronic respiratory diseases,sarcopenia,open heart surgery,and intraoperative hypotension were independent risk factors for postoperative cognitive impairment in elderly patients with heart diseases(OR=1.081,95％CI:1.007-1.161,P=0.030;OR=2.538,95％CI:1.062-6.066,P=0.036;OR=2.650,95％CI:1.174-5.985,P=0.019;OR=3.104,95％CI:1.391-6.929,P=0.006;OR=3.478,95％CI:1.298-9.322,P=0.0013).There was no statistical difference in preoperative MoCA scores between the two groups(27.90±1.40 vs 28.20±1.40,P=0.195).The MoCA score at 7 d and 6 and 12 months after surgery were obviously lower in the cognitive impairment group than the control group(22.90±1.27 vs 27.73±1.08,P=0.000;24.72±1.66 vs 27.73±1.23,P=0.000;25.48±1.73 vs 27.62±1.22,P=0.000).Age was identified as an independent factor affecting the outcome of cognitive function in the patients(OR=1.168,95％CI:1.035-1.318).Conclusion The incidence of postoperative cog-nitive impairment is relatively high in elderly patients with heart disease.So,relevant risk factors should be addressed to strengthen the prevention and management.

Objective:To analyze the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), especially on the incidence of hypertensive disorder in pregnancy (HDP) in women with moderate to severe OSAS.Methods:A total of 180 pregnant women with OSAS who were diagnosed through sleep monitoring during pregnancy due to high-risk factors of OSAS and registered in Peking University People′s Hospital from January 2021 to May 2024 were selected as the study subjects. Clinical data were collected from medical records for retrospective analysis. According to whether they received standardized treatment with CPAP, they were divided into the CPAP treatment group (42 cases) and the control group (138 cases). The CPAP treatment group consisted of 9 pregnant women with moderate to severe OSAS, while the control group consisted of 34 pregnant women with moderate to severe OSAS. The maternal and neonatal outcomes, the incidence of HDP, placental weight after delivery and placental weight/neonatal birth weight ratio were compared between the two groups.Results:(1) The average gestational age of pregnant women in the CPAP treatment group was higher than that in the control group [(38.7±1.0) vs (38.0±1.4) weeks], the proportion of infants small for gestational age (SGA) in the CPAP treatment group was lower [0 (0/42) vs 12.3% (17/138)], and the birth weight of infants in the CPAP treatment group was bigger [(3 396±475) vs (3 082±710) g); the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the CPAP treatment group and the control group in terms of delivery mode, rates of postpartum hemorrhage and preterm birth, umbilical artery blood gas analysis pH<7.1, lactate≥6.0 mmol/L, base excess<-12.0 mmol/L and the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus and HDP (all P>0.05). (2) The placental weight of the CPAP treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group [(554.0±70.6) vs (615.7±119.1) g], the placental weight/newborn birth weight ratio of the CPAP treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group (median: 0.17 vs 0.19), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). (3) The incidence of HDP in pregnant women with moderate to severe OSAS in the CPAP treatment group was lower than that in the control group [1/9 vs 61.8% (21/34)], and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:CPAP treatment could prolong the gestational age in pregnant women with OSAS, reduce the incidence of SGA, increase the birth weight of infants, and reduce the incidence of HDP in pregnant women with moderate to severe OSAS, and is worth promoting in clinical practice. The improvement of neonatal outcomes by CPAP treatment is closely related to the placenta, which is worthy of further exploration.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a common disease with a high global incidence and mortality rate.It is charac-terized by chronic inflammation and structural airway obstruction that is not fully reversible,leading to shortness of breath caused by air trapping and increased physical exertion.Over the past few decades,the incidence of COPD has continued to rise.Although commonly used therapeutic agents,such as glucocorticoids and bronchodilators,have demonstrated significant symptomatic relief,they primarily target symptoms rather than halting disease progression.Therefore,further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms of COPD and to develop novel therapeutic strategies for its prevention and management.Early studies on the pathogenesis of COPD primarily focused on airway epithelial cell injury,while relatively less attention was given to pulmonary vascular endothelial cells(PVECs).However,recent evidence indicates that COPD is not only an airway and systemic inflammatory disorder but also a vascular disease,with PVECs playing a critical role in its pathogenesis.PVECs are among the main cellular targets damaged in COPD and are involved in mediating its initiation and progression.In this review,we summarize emerging evidence that highlights the close association between PVEC injury and COPD pathogenesis.We also explore the roles and mechanisms of various therapeutic interventions targeting PVECs,including chemical agents and traditional Chinese medicine,in the treatment of COPD.

Objective To observe the volume changes of brain regions and their correlation with cognitive function in temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE)patients.Methods Fifty TLE patients(TLE group)and 34 healthy controls(control group)were prospectively enrolled.Brain 3D-T1WI was collected,brain regions were delineated with automated segmentation technique,and hippocampus was segmented additionally with hippocampal brain template(HBT).The volume of brain regions were compared between groups,and the correlation of brain region volume with Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)score were analyzed.Results Compared with control group,in TLE group,bilateral cerebrum white matter,right globus pallidus,left posterior cingulate gyrus,left precentral gyrus,right fusiform gyrus,left cerebellum white matter,corpus callosum,left hippocampus(HBT segmentation and conventional segmentation)and right thalamus volumes decreased significantly(all P＜0.05),while right choroid plexus volume increased significantly(P＜0.05).The volume of left hippocampus(HBT segmentation)and right fusiform gyrus were both positively correlated with MoCA score in TLE group(r=0.335,0.376,P=0.009,0.007).Conclusion Widespread atrophy of brain regions could be seen in TLE patients,which were correlated with cognitive function.

Objective:To investigate the curative effect and possible mechanism of rifaximin treatment on monocrotaline-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) in mice.Methods:Twenty-four male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups and treated with solvent control, monocrotaline, and rifaximin, respectively. The histopathological changes of the liver and intestine were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The differences were compared in liver parameters, serum liver enzymes, inflammatory factors, apoptotic factors, gut microbiota, and gut tight junction proteins among three groups of mice. The inter-group comparison was conducted using a t-test and one-way analysis of variance.Results:The rifaximin-treated group had significantly improved liver histopathology. The serological levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were (559.04±89.42) U/L and (676.90±106.25) U/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the PA-HSOS model group [(846.05±148.46) U/L and (953.87±58.10) U/L, P<0.05], and were accompanied by lower levels of apoptotic cells and inflammatory factors. Additionally, the rifaximin-treated mice group gut microbiota had higher diversity compared with the PA-HSOS group ( P<0.05), and the Shannon index was 7.77±0.10 and 7.16±0.07, respectively, indicating apparent differences in microbiota among different groups. The abundance of Firmicutes in the rifaximin group was 39.58%±0.56%, which was significantly higher than that in the model group (24.25%±0.64%, P<0.05), while the abundance of Bacteroidetes was 54.7%±0.41%, which was significantly lower than that in the model group (70.92%±0.49%, P<0.05). Simultaneously, the expressions of gut tight junction proteins ZO-1 and Occludin showed an upward trend and validated transcription levels compared to the model group following rifaximin intervention ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Rifaximin can alleviate monocrotaline-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome in mice, and its mechanism may be via gut microbiota regulation, which in turn plays a role in improving intestinal barrier function.