Objective To explore the potential role of activation of the colonic mucosal mast cells in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods The activation of colonic mucosal mast cells was evaluated by double immunohistochemical staining with c-Fos and tryptase in restraining stress and conditioned restraining stress rats and in 56 refractory IBS patients(by Rome Ⅱ criteria), 2 free-symptom more than 6 months patients and 20 healthy controls. It was also evaluated that the effect of mast cell stabilizer sodium cromoglycate 20 mg/kg given intraperitoneally (i.p.) 30 min before stress or conditioned stress on electromyographic activity (EMG) in abdominal striated muscle as the marker of visceral sensitization. The relationship between the severity index of symptom and the percentage of activation of sigmoid-rectal mucosal mast cells in IBS was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation. Results The percentage of activating mast cells instead of the total number increased significantly in stress (2.5 ?0.8 vs. 8.0?0.9) and conditioned stress (2.5? 0.8 vs. 7.8?0.8) rats compared with that in controls ( P

Objective To investigate the effect of comprehensive psychological intervention on cooperation degree with intravenous infusion of preschool children. Methods 240 children patients with intravenous infusion were divided into the observation group and the control group with 120 cases in each group.Children patients in two groups were all given venipuncture by two nurses who had more than 5 years of working experience,skilled venipuncture technique and were good at doing mental work for children.The control group was given intravenous infusion directly after venipuncture without giving any psychological intervention.The observation group was given comprehensive psychological intervention before venipuncture.The different psychological behavioral reactions during the venipuncture were evaluated.The cooperation degree and the first-time success rate of venipuncture for the two groups were taken for statistics. Results The psychological behavioral reactions of the observation group were as followed:the active type was 51.67％,the tension type was 30.83％,and 7.50％ for the type of fear,the compulsive type was 10.00％.Compared with the control group,the difference was significant.The cooperation degree with intravenous infusion was 82.50％,the difference was significant compared with the control group.The first-time success rate in the observation group was 86.67％,higher than 75.83％ in the control group. Conclusions Psychological interventions according to the behavior and psychological reaction of preschool children with intravenous infusion can alleviate the negative emotions and improve the cooperation degree of preschool children.