OBJECTIVE:To introduce the Fair PharmaCare program of BC Canada for the reference of the reform of China's medical insurance system.METHODS:The running procedure of Fair PharmaCare program of BC Canada was introduced in detail and its characteristics were analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Fair PharmaCare program covers all BC residents and protects them against economic difficulties in pharmacare.The program serves as a reference for the reform of China's medical insurance system.

BACKGROUND:Undergoing femoral head replacement in senile osteoporosis patients with intertrochanteric fracture is a chal enging problem.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the clinical effect of the use of joint instal ation and fracture reduction on the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients.
METHODS:A total of 21 elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures underwent femoral head replacement. Simultaneously, we col ected clinical data of 20 elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures undergoing internal fixation of dynamic hip screw. Operation time, blood loss amount, time of walking practice after replacement, complications, and Harris score were compared between the two groups. Clinical effects in patients with femoral head replacement were observed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al patients were fol owed up for averagely 20 months (ranged from 6 months to 36 months). After replacement, the incision was first healing. The operation time of femoral head replacement was short;blood loss amount was less;the time of walking practice was early. However, no significant difference in Harris score was detected between the two groups (P>0.05). After femoral head replacement, no infection, inversion and shift, or hip joint loose occurred. Results suggested that correct anteversion angle, eccentricity and femoral calcar size should be identified before the implementation of artificial joint replacement for the elderly femoral intertrochanteric fracture. After implantation of the prosthesis, reduction and fixation of trochanter and femoral calcar bony landmarks are simple easily operated surgery. It can reduce blood loss amount, shorten operation time and elevate clinical effects.

Objective To explore the influence of candesartan (an angiotensin II receptor 1 antagonist,AT1R) in radioresistance of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE1 cells.Methods Cell growth of CNE1 with or without candesartan treatment was measured in vitro by MTT method;radiosensitivity of CNE1 with or without candesartan treatment was tested under normoxic or hypoxic conditions by clone formation assay.The expression of hypoxia-induced factor 1α(HIF-1α)in CNE1 cells was analysed by western blotting.Results Candesartan did not significantly inhibit the growth of CNE 1 cells in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions.Candesartan also did not influence the radiosensitivity of CNE1 cells in normoxic condition;however,it significantly increased the radiosensitivity of CNE1 cells in hypoxic condition.The expression of hypoxia-induced factor 1 α (HIF-1 α)in hypoxic CNE1 cells was significantly inhibited by candesartan treatment.Conclusion Candesartan does not significantly influence the proliferation of CNE1 cells in both normoxic and bypoxic conditions but significantly enhances the radiosensitivity of hypoxic CNE1 cells,in which the mechanisn may be involved in its inhibiting HIF1α expression in hypoxic CNE1 cells.

AIM:To research the protection of Cistanchis glycosides on ethanol-induced liver damage in mice.METHODS:40 mice were divided into 4 groups in random,and administered by gavage for 4 weeks.Cistanchis glycosides were twice a day,ethanol were once a day.When time limit arrived,mice were weighted,the serum was afforded to detect the liver function index,liver homogenate were prepared for biochemical detections,liver remained were fixed for pathological investigation.RESULTS:When mice were damaged by ethanol,liver index,liver function index,contents of TG,TC,MDA and LPO were increased distinctly(P

Objective To study the correlation between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system angiotensinogen (AGT) gene M235T,angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor (AGTR1) gene Al166C,aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) gene -344C/T polymorphisms and large-artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke in a southern Chinese Han population.Methods Polymerase chain reaction and gene sequencing technology were used for the genotyping in patients with LAA and normal controls with AGT gene M235T,AGTR1 gene A1166C,and CYP11B2 gene - 344C/T polymorphisms in a southern Chinese Han population,and to determine the correlation between the 3 gene polymorphisms and LAA by binary logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 107 patients with LAA and 142 healthy controls were included in the study.The frequencies of the AGT gene 253TT genotype (66.36％ vs.50.70％,x2 =6.122,P =0.047) and T allele (79.44％ vs.70.07％ ％,x2 =5.581,P =0.018) in the LAA group were significantly higher than those in the control group.The frequencies of the AGTR1 gene 1166CC genotype (0％ vs.0％,x2 =1.494,P =0.222) and C allele (7.48％ vs.4.93％,x2 =1.399,P =0.237) in the LAA group were no significantly differences with those in the control group.The frequencies of the CYP11B2 gene - 344CC genotype (9.35％ vs.4.23％,x2 =3.603,P =0.165) and C allele (27.10％ vs.26.06％,x2 =0.069,P =0.793) in the LAA group were no significant differences with those in the control group.Binary logistic regression analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between the three gene polymorphisms and the simple LAA diseases.The frequencies of AGT gene 235TT genotype (68.00％ vs.41.90％,x2 =12.446,P =0.002) and T allele (79.33％ vs.64.76％,x2 =8.993,P =0.003) in the LAA patients complicated with hypertension were significantly higher than those in the normotensive control group.Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio (OR) exposed to TT genotype was 2.153 (95％ confidence interval [CI] 0.789-5.872).The OR of T allele was 2.089 (95％ CI 1.285-3.396).Conclusions The AGT gene M235T polymorphism is not associated with the simple LAA in the southern Chinese Han population,but it may be associated with the risk of LAA complicated with hypertension;CYP11B2 gene -344C/T polymorphism and AGTR1 gene A1166C polymorphism are not associated with the onset of LAA in the southern Chinese Han population.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),neuron-specific enolase(NSE),synaptoghysin (SYN),neurite outgrowth inhibitor-A(Nogo-A)expression and neurological outcome in tissue surrounding the infarct during the recovery after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods A 2-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)and reperfusion model in rats was induced by the intraluminal suture method.The modified neurological severity score(mNSS)was performed at day 28,35,42,and 49.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of GFAP,NSE,SYN,and Noga-A in tissue surrounding the infarct.Results The mNSS score decreased gradually over time after cerdnal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Except day 35(5.11±0.737)vs.day 42 (4.54±0.519),and day 42 vs.day 49(4.29±0.488),there were significant differences at all other time points(all P<0.05).The numbers of GFAP positive cells deergased gradually form day 28 to day 49,in which,the numbers of GFAP positive cells at day 42(51.00±13.59)vs.day 49(44.38±11.94) were significantly less than those at day 28(69.00±15.10)(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the numbers of NSE positive cells at all time points,but their integrated optical density(IOD)increased gradually.There were significant differences between day 28(6 218.57±1 864.25)and day 42(9 414.00±2 491.12) or day 49(12 522.50±3 106.99),and between day 35(7 343.40±1 533.35)and day 49(all P< 0.05).There were no significant differences at all other time points.The SYN express (IOD)increased gradually.and it was significantly lower at day 49(66 503.00±12 834.61)than that at day 28(43 905.14±13 208.59)(P<0.05).The numbers of Nogo-A positive cells decreased gradually,and they were significantly less at day 49(42.13±14.45) than those at day 28(59.57±15.25)(P<0.05).The GFAP expression was positively correlated with the mNSS scores(r=0.993,P=0.007).The NSE(r=-0.954,P=0.044)and SYN(r=-0.992,P=0.008) expression was negatively correlated with the mNSS scores.Conclusion The neurological outcome was associated with the downregulation of GFAP expression and the upregalation of NSE and SYN expression during the recovery after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

Objective To identify anal canal structures by dual plane transrectal ultrasound. Methods One anorectal specimen was observed by ultrasonography when needles were placed in different anal muscle layers respectively. Fifty patients with no anorectal or perianal diseases were examined by transrectal ultrasound to verify the sonographic features of anal canal, meanwhile the inner and outer sphincters and longitudinal combination muscle were measured. The ultrasound images of anal canal were compared with MR images. Fifty patients were divided into three groups according to the age: 25- 40 years old, 41 -55 years old,and ＞55 years old. Results The sonographic features of anal canal structures by transrectal ultrasound were identified. Anal canal sonographic images and MR images had consistency. The thickness of inner sphincter in each group was (0.19 ± 0.03)cm, (0.22 ± 0.02)cm, (0.24 ± 0.03)cm respectively,while outer sphincter (0.44 ± 0.03)cm, (0.49 ± 0.04)cm, (0.52 ± 0.04)cm, and longitudinal combination muscle (0.10±0.02)cm,(0.11 ± 0.02)cm,(0.11 ± 0.02)cm. Conclusions Transrectal ultrasound is a simple,efficient and non-invasive method to examine anal canal which can identify anal canal structures clearly.

The inundation of Cordyceps sinensis counterfeits in the market makes it difficult to identify. In this study, 21 batches of wild C. sinensis from 3 different regions, 30 batches of naturally cultured C. sinensis and 4 kinds of counterfeits extracted by methanol and water were analyzed using NMR technology. 9 characteristic peaks were defined as quantitative criterion after comparison, and NMR fingerprints of C. sinensis were established. According to the result it is highly similar between naturally cultured C. sinensis and wild ones by comparing their NMR fingerprints. However, NMR spectra of four kinds of adulterants showed differences with C. sinensis. The result also showed that NMR fingerprint of C. sinensis are highly characteristic and specific. The NMR characteristic fingerprint of wild C. sinensis was consistent with the naturally cultured C. sinensis, and it indicated that the chemical constituents of wild C. sinensis and naturally cultured C. sinensis are nearly the same.

Objective To observe dynamically the influence of Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on the nerve function and expression of bFGF protein and Basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) mRNA after cerebral ischemic reperfusion in rats.Methods Seventy-two SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group,cerebral ischemia group,and IGF-1 treated group.The rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion was performed.The evaluation of etiology was performed with mNSS at 12 h,24 h,3 d,7 d after ischemia-reperfusion,expression of bFGF protein was determined with immunohistochemical technique and expression of bFGF mRNA was determined with RT-PCR.Results The ratings of mNSS in IGF-1 treated group((8.67± 1.21),(7.50± 1.52),(4.33± 1.03),(3.67± 1.37)) were lower than those in ischemia group((11.0±1.26),(9.83±1.33),(7.83±1.17),(7.17±1.72) at 12 h,24 h,3 d or7 d after reperfusion(P＜0.05).For the IGF-1 treated group,the expression level of bFGF protein was higher than that of the cerebral ischemia group (P＜0.05),especially at 12 h after reperfusion (P＜0.01).The expression level of bFGF mRNA in the IGF-1 treated group was higher than that of the cerebral ischemia group (P＜ 0.05),especially at 24h after reperfusion (P＜ 0.01).Conclusion IGF-1 treatment has a protective effects on cerebral ischemia injury,which may contribute to its action on regulating expression of bFGF protein and bFGF mRNA.

ObjectiveTo observe the relationship between neuronal function score,brain edema and aquaporin4(AQP4) expression of fluid percussion brain injury in rats.MethodsThe fluid percussion models of brain injury of rats were established by using the improved device.Nervous function score,brain water content,histological changes,AQP4 expression were observed by Shapira and Wahld method,dry-wet measure,light microscopy,immunohistochemistry and western blot at 1 h,6 h,12 h,24 h,3 d and 7 d after operation respectively.ResultsNervous function score in TBI group decreased at 12 h( 11.17 ± 1.32),reached its minimum at 24 h( 10.17± 0.75),and recoved partially at 3rd day( 10.66 ± 1.37 ).The water content obviusly increased in those of TBI group at 12h( (80.27 ±1.47)％ ),reached its peak at 24h( (82.19 ±0.97)％ ),and then began to drop at 3d ( (8 1.74 ± 1.69 ) ％ ),while Western blot showed that AQP4 immunoreactive expression obviusly increased at 12 h (OD:0.65 ±0.05),reached its maximum at 24h( OD:0.72 ±0.08),and decreased at 3d( OD:0.56 ±0.07),and immunohistochemistry showed the same trendency of AQP4 expression as that of Western blot.The linear regression analysis indicated that nervous function score had a negtive correlation with expression of AQP4 in edematous brain and change of brain water content respectively ( r =- 0.615,P ＜ 0.01 ; r =- 0.605,P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionNervous function score of fluid percussion brain injury in rats decrease,has negative relationship with brain edema and AQP4 expression,and possible mechanisms is that AQP4 is indirectly involed in nerve function impairment by mediating brain edema.