Dyslipidemia refers to the increased level of TG and total cholesterol in plasma, and also generally refers to other forms of dyslipidemia, which is characterized by non-obvious symptoms in the early stage of the disease, and the first episode is cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of dyslipidemia varies with country, region and population, and the prevalence of dyslipidemia in China is in increase, which is influenced by various risk factors. This paper summarizes the prevalence and risk factors of dyslipidemia and introduces the emerging risk factors of dyslipidemia, such as HIV infection, systemic lupus erythematosus, sarcopenia and environmental problem.

Objective To investigate the effect of different strand lengths of 125I seeds with the same activity on the dose of different reference points around the seeds.Methods The scanned images were transferred to the three-dimensional treatment planning system(3D-TPS)according to DICOM format.The target volume was delineated at 5 mm and 10 mm above and below the center of the phantom,and a 0.8 mCi seeds strand was simulated.The 1-20 seeds were arranged with an equal spacing of 5 mm(5 mm-100 mm).The 5 mm points above and below the center of the seeds strand were defined as point A and point A',and the 10 mm points above and below the center were defined as point B and point B'.5 mm above and below the edge of the seeds strand on the left side were defined as AL points and AL'points,and 5 mm above and below the edge of the seeds strand on the right side were defined as AR points and AR'points.Similarly,points 10 mm above the above mentioned positions were defined as BL points,BL'points,BR points,BR'points.The average dose symmetry points were measured at AL,AL',AR,and 5 mm,10 mm,15 mm and 20 mm inside AR' of the 45 mm-100 mm seeds strand.The dose at the center was compared with the dose at the end points.The dose at the center point A was compared with the average dose at the symmetry points of 5 mm,10 mm,15 mm and 20 mm inside of the end points AL,AL',AR and AR',and the dose at each point was curve fitting.The correlation between each point and seeds strands of different lengths was analyzed.Results There was a positive correlation between the dose and the length of each point.There was no statistically significant difference between the center point and the end point.There was a statistically significant difference in dosage at points 5 mm and 10 mm inside from point A,while there was no statistically significant difference in dosage at points 15 mm and 20 mm inside from point A.The dose of A,A',B and B' point increased steadily with the increase of seed chain length,and the fitting curves were obtained respectively:y=e(-0.620/x+5.28)(R2=0.992),y=e(-0.640/x+5.34)(R2=0.987),y=e(-0.82/x+4.80)(R2=0.984),y=e(-0.82/x+4.83)(R2=0.9g1).Conclusion The doses at points A,A',B,and B'are positively correlated with seeds strand length and have a high degree of stability.Point A can be used as a reference point for the target area dose of the seeds strand,and point B can be used as a reference point for the dose to critical organs.The dose at other positions is more variable and thus has a certain degree of uncertainty as a reference point for the seeds strand dose.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the absorbed dose and implantation duration at the target area and at the critical organ dose reference points in the application of radioactive 125I seed strands for the treatment of intraluminal tumors.Methods A self-developed 125I seed strand arc template with a 30-degree angle was used to place 10 seeds(each with activity of 1.0mCi)into the template.CT-based DICOM images were transferred to a treatment planning system(TPS)for dose calculation.Absorbed doses at multiple time points(from day 5 to day 90 with a 5-day interval)were measured at following four specific locations:point A'(5 mm inside the arc center),point A(5 mm outside the arc center),point B(10 mm outside the arc center),and point B'(10 mm inside the arc center).The TPS was first used to calculate the expected absorbed doses,followed by actual absorbed dose measurements over the 90-day period.The expected absorbed doses were calculated,and then the actual absorbed doses were calculated.The time-dose relationship of the above points was analyzed,and the curves and equations were obtained.Results The expected absorbed doses at points A',A,B,and B'were 221.36,196.39,115.78,and 136.32 Gy,respectively.The time(x)-dose(y)relationships of all the above points followed a quadratic function relationship in the form of y=c+bx-ax2.Within the time range of 5-90 days,the actual absorbed dose increased with the prolongation of time,and the increase speed showed a pattern of first fast and then slow.The increase in speed was fast within 20 days,than became stable between 20-75 days,and after 75 days the increase in speed became to slow down.Conclusion When using 125I seed strands to treat intraluminal tumors,the actual absorbed dose of the tumor needs to be accurately calculated based on the implantation duration.The actual absorbed dose initially accumulates rapidly and decreases significantly after 75 days.It is recommended to replace the 125I seed strand with a new one after implanting it for approximately 75 days.

Objective To investigate the impact of different 125I seeds strand radian on the dose of different reference points around the seeds.Methods CT scan of self-developed radioactive particle radiation dose measurement phantom was performed,the scanned images were transferred to the three-dimensional treatment planning system(TPS).The target area at the middle level of the model was drawn.The target volume was delineated at 5 mm and 10 mm above and below the center of the phantom.125I seeds strand plans were designed with different radians,with a total length of 8 cm,seed spacing of 0 cm,activity of 0.8 mCi,and a total of 16 particles,with radians ranging from 30°to 170°,increasing by 10° increment.The point 5 mm vertically away from the center of the seeds strand towards the center was named A',and the point away from the center was named A.The point 10 mm vertically away from the center of the seeds strand towards the center was named B',and the point away from the center was named B.The doses at different radians were recorded,and the actual absorbed dose at 1-2 months after operation was calculated based on the particle activity decay formula.Results The doses at points A'and A were(218.3±23.1)and(201.5±16.0)Gy respectively(P=0.001).The actual absorbed doses at 1 month after operation were(65.5±6.9)and(60.5±4.8)Gy respectively(P=0.001),and the actual absorbed doses at 2 months after operation were(109.2±11.5)Gy and(100±7.9)Gy respectively(P=0.001).The doses at points B'and B were(95.9±11.0)Gy and(81.7±4.9)Gy respectively(P＜0.001),and the actual absorbed doses at 1 month after operation were(28.8±3.3)Gy and(24.5±1.5)Gy respectively(P＜0.001).The actual absorbed doses at 2 month after operation were(48.0±5.5)Gy and(41.0±2.4)Gy respectively(P＜0.001).The doses at points A'and A gradually decreased with the increase of the radians,reaching the minimum value at 100 degrees,and then increased gradually,showing a cubic function change.The actual absorbed dose showed the same trend.The doses at points B'and B increased gradually with the increase of the radians,showing a cubic function change.Conclusion At different radians,the point doses and absorbed doses on the centrifugal side of the seeds strand are both less than those on the centripetal side.There is a cubic function relationship between the dose at the reference points and the radian of the seeds strand.

Objective:To describe the epidemiological characteristics and changes of febrile seizure(FS)among children under 6 years old in Ningbo City,Zhejiang Province from 2015 to 2021.Methods:Based on the Ningbo Regional Health Information Platform,a dynamic cohort was established using vacci-nation registration information,and the cases of FS were identified by the diagnostic results of Chinese terms or International Classification of Diseases 10th revision(ICD-10)R56.0 code in the electronic medical records.The first visit of FS during the observation period was defined as a new case,and a re-currence case was defined as the case with a visit interval of more than 7 days.The 95％confidence in-terval(CI)of FS incidence density was calculated by the Poisson distribution.Results:From January 2015 to June 2020,there were 1.3 million children under 6 years old in Ningbo,with male accounting for 52.87％.The median follow-up time was 2.83(1.55-4.00)years.During the follow-up period,12 776 new onset cases had FS,with more males than females,with an overall incidence density of 4.34(95％CI:4.27-4.40)/1 000 person-years and a recurrence rate of 21.63％.There was a higher inci-dence density in children who were male,born in Ningbo and of non-mobility.The incidence density of FS was higher in urban areas than in rural and rural-urban fringe areas,and the incidence density was different among districts and counties.The peak density was found in children aged 18-23 months[8.42(95％CI:8.11-8.74)/1 000 person-years].From 2015 to 2019,the incidence density in-creased with calendar year(Ptrend＜0.001),and the highest was 5.62(95％CI:5.43-5.81)/1 000 person-years.The incidence density of FS decreased significantly during the period between 2020 and 2021.The incidence density was higher in winter.Conclusion:From 2015 to 2019,the overall inci-dence density of FS in children under 6 years old in Ningbo City presented an increasing trend.More at-tention should be paid to the health education,the improvement of the health maintenance model,the en-hancement of the cognition of FS,the identification and treatment of FS among high-risk population and regions so as to prevent its recurrence and reduce the disease burden during the corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)epide-mic.

Dyslipidemia refers to the increased level of TG and total cholesterol in plasma, and also generally refers to other forms of dyslipidemia, which is characterized by non-obvious symptoms in the early stage of the disease, and the first episode is cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of dyslipidemia varies with country, region and population, and the prevalence of dyslipidemia in China is in increase, which is influenced by various risk factors. This paper summarizes the prevalence and risk factors of dyslipidemia and introduces the emerging risk factors of dyslipidemia, such as HIV infection, systemic lupus erythematosus, sarcopenia and environmental problem.

Objective:To describe the epidemiological characteristics and changes of febrile seizure(FS)among children under 6 years old in Ningbo City,Zhejiang Province from 2015 to 2021.Methods:Based on the Ningbo Regional Health Information Platform,a dynamic cohort was established using vacci-nation registration information,and the cases of FS were identified by the diagnostic results of Chinese terms or International Classification of Diseases 10th revision(ICD-10)R56.0 code in the electronic medical records.The first visit of FS during the observation period was defined as a new case,and a re-currence case was defined as the case with a visit interval of more than 7 days.The 95％confidence in-terval(CI)of FS incidence density was calculated by the Poisson distribution.Results:From January 2015 to June 2020,there were 1.3 million children under 6 years old in Ningbo,with male accounting for 52.87％.The median follow-up time was 2.83(1.55-4.00)years.During the follow-up period,12 776 new onset cases had FS,with more males than females,with an overall incidence density of 4.34(95％CI:4.27-4.40)/1 000 person-years and a recurrence rate of 21.63％.There was a higher inci-dence density in children who were male,born in Ningbo and of non-mobility.The incidence density of FS was higher in urban areas than in rural and rural-urban fringe areas,and the incidence density was different among districts and counties.The peak density was found in children aged 18-23 months[8.42(95％CI:8.11-8.74)/1 000 person-years].From 2015 to 2019,the incidence density in-creased with calendar year(Ptrend＜0.001),and the highest was 5.62(95％CI:5.43-5.81)/1 000 person-years.The incidence density of FS decreased significantly during the period between 2020 and 2021.The incidence density was higher in winter.Conclusion:From 2015 to 2019,the overall inci-dence density of FS in children under 6 years old in Ningbo City presented an increasing trend.More at-tention should be paid to the health education,the improvement of the health maintenance model,the en-hancement of the cognition of FS,the identification and treatment of FS among high-risk population and regions so as to prevent its recurrence and reduce the disease burden during the corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)epide-mic.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of pneumonia and the related factors of the length of hospitalization of pneumonia in the elderly aged 60 years and older in Ningbo in 2019.Methods:Data on hospitalized cases of pneumonia in the elderly aged 60 years and older in Ningbo in 2019 were collected through the regional health information platform, and the population data of Ningbo in 2019 were obtained through the Zhejiang Provincial Bureau of Statistics. A descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on hospitalized cases of pneumonia in the elderly population, and factors related to the length of hospitalization were explored.Results:A total of 15 956 hospitalized cases of pneumonia aged 60 years and older were reported in Ningbo in 2019, and the incidence of pneumonia requiring hospitalization was 1.02% (15 956/1 571 431). The incidence was 1.13% (8 613/760 357) in males and 0.83% (6 759/811 074) in females, and the ratio of male to female cases was 1.27∶1. The highest incidence was found in the ≥80 age group (2.52%), and the lowest incidence was found in the 60-69 age group (0.58%). March, February, and January were the peak period of pneumonia hospitalization. The main types of pneumonia diagnosed were not specified (65.12%), followed by bacterial pneumonia (34.60%). The M( Q1, Q3) of hospitalized patients with pneumonia was 9 (7, 13) days. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender (female: OR=0.911, 95% CI: 0.849-0.978) and older age (70-79 years old: OR=1.211, 95% CI: 1.111-1.321; ≥80 years old group: OR=1.486, 95% CI: 1.365-1.617), settlement method (self-payment: OR=0.567, 95% CI: 0.464-0.691), higher level of hospitals (Grade Ⅱ: OR=1.902,95% CI:1.723-2.100; Grade Ⅲ: OR=1.546,95% CI:1.407-1.698) were associated with the length of hospitalization for pneumonia in people aged 60 years and older in Ningbo. Conclusions:Hospitalization with pneumonia in people aged 60 years and older was high in winter and spring, men and older adults were in high-risk groups in Ningbo in 2019. Gender, age, billing method, and level of hospitals may be related factors to the length of hospitalization for pneumonia.

Drowning is a common and serious injury worldwide, especially for children and young people. Drowning occurs frequently, resulting in heavy health and economic burdens to society. This paper summarizes the progress in the research of the epidemiology of drowning both at home and abroad, including the epidemiological characteristics, risk factors and intervention measures. Through analysis on existing research literature, it is found that there are large differences in the incidence characteristics of drowning in different regions. Men and children are at high risk for drowning. Age, being man, rural environment, lack of supervision, alcohol consumption, and underlying diseases are risk factors for drowning. It is suggested to pay more attention to the problem of drowning, improve people's awareness of drowning, take appropriate intervention measures and strengthen multi-sectoral collaboration to prevent and control the incidence of drowning.

The incidence rate of aortic dissection (AD) is low, but it is highly fatal in the acute phase. Miss diagnosis and misdiagnosis can occur occasionally, resulting the miss of the best intervention time. Research on the epidemiological characteristics and of AD and related risk factors can identify high-risk groups, make screening and diagnosis as soon as possible and effectively control the changeable risk factors to reduce the incidence of AD and improve the outcome of AD cases. This paper summarizes the progress in research of the epidemiological characteristics of AD and related risk factors in order to promote early prevention and diagnosis of AD, improve the AD case management and intervention level.