Objective To evaluate the hair-removal effect of intense pulsed light (IPL) on hirsutism of spina bifida occulta. Methods 8 patients with hirsutism of spina bifida occulta were treated 3 to 5 times, at 2 month intervals, with ELITE plus IPL. Its wavelength was 610~1000 nm, and spot size was 50 mm ? 10 mm. The macro pulse was composed of a series of micro pulses with equal intervals. The micro pulse duration was 5 ms, the number of micro pulse was 4-15, the interval of micro pulse (delay) was 2~20 ms, and the fluence was 22.3～38.3J/cm2. Results All of the patients were well tolerant under no anesthesia. The hairs were mostly or fully removed after 3 to 5 courses of treatment. Routine washing could be done and bandaging was not applied after treatment. There was no blister, infection, hyperpigmentation and scarring. Little vellus hair regrowth was observed after a 6~12 month follow-up. Conclusions IPL is an ideal method to depilate hirsutism of spina bifida occulta because of its credible effect, simple operation, rapid treatment and no serious complication.

Objective : To investigate the factors of hyperglycemia among HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Ningbo City. Methods : The demographic characteristics, ART and fasting blood glucose were collected from HIV/AIDS patients receiving ART in Ningbo City from 2005 to 2021 through the Ningbo Municipal ART Database. The fasting blood glucose levels were analyzed among HIV/AIDS patients receiving ART, and the factors affecting hyperglycemia were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results : A total of 2 607 HIV/AIDS patients were enrolled, including 2 162 men (82.93%), and the participants had a mean age of (45.16±13.93) years, and had mean ART duration of 5.00 years (interquartile range, 5.00 years). The prevalence of hyperglycemia, impaired fasting glucose and diabetes was 22.59%, 13.62% and 8.98%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that gender (male, OR=1.482, 95%CI: 1.120-1.961), age (30 years-, OR=2.062, 95%CI: 1.356-3.137; 45 years-, OR=3.697, 95%CI: 2.435-5.611; 60 years and older, OR=7.295, 95%CI: 4.722-11.268), WHO clinical staging of HIV diseases (stage Ⅱ, OR=1.415, 95%CI: 1.097-1.824; stage Ⅲ, OR=1.571, 95%CI: 1.139-2.168; stage Ⅳ, OR=1.488, 95%CI: 1.040-2.128, duration of HIV infections (7 to <10 years, OR=1.336, 95%CI: 1.004-1.777), treatment regimen (second-line regimen, OR=0.611, 95%CI: 0.472-0.792), and blood lipids (high TG, OR=1.665, 95%CI: 1.307-2.123; high TC, OR=1.415, 95%CI: 1.006-1.991; dyslipidemia, OR=2.597, 95%CI: 1.971-3.422) significantly correlated with hyperglycemia. Conclusions The overall prevalence of hyperglycemia was 22.59% among HIV/AIDS patients with ART in Ningbo City, and the prevalence of hyperglycemia correlated with gender, age, clinical staging of HIV infections, duration of HIV infections, treatment regimens and blood lipids among HIV/AIDS patients.

Objective: To analyze the trend in the mortality of liver cancer in Ningbo City from 2002 to 2021, so as to provide the evidence for improving the liver cancer control measures. Methods: The liver cancer mortality data in Ningbo City from 2002 to 2021 were collected from Ningbo Municipal Chronic Disease Surveillance System. The crude mortality and standardized mortality by the 2 000 national population census data of liver cancer were estimated, and the proportion of concomitant diseases was analyzed among all dead patients with liver cancer. In addition, the trends in liver cancer mortality were analyzed with annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC). Results: Both the crude and standardized mortality of liver cancer appeared a tendency towards a decline year by year in Ningbo City from 2002 to 2021, with AAPC of -3.47% (95%CI: -4.08% to -2.85%, P<0.001) and -6.56% (95%CI: -7.25% to -5.87%, P<0.001), and a the decline in liver cancer mortality was larger during the period between 2006 and 2021 than during the period between 2002 and 2006. The annual mean crude and standardized mortality of liver cancer was 35.39/105 and 20.98/105, and the crude mortality of liver cancer was 52.69/105 in men and 18.13/105 in women, respectively. After adjustment for age, the risk of liver cancer mortality was 3.03 (95%CI: 2.96-3.09) times greater among men than among women, and the mortality of liver cancer appeared a tendency towards a rise with age (χ2trend=45 684.254, P<0.001). Concomitant diseases were found among 9 985 dead cases with liver cancer (24.44%), and the concomitant diseases mainly included digestive system diseases (predominantly liver diseases) and infectious and parasitic diseases (predominantly virus hepatitis). Conclusions The mortality of liver cancer appeared a tendency towards a decline in Ningbo City from 2002 to 2021, and men and middle-aged and elderly residents were at high risk of liver cancer mortality. Digestive system diseases and infectious and parasitic diseases were predominant concomitant diseases among dead patients with liver cancer.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） cases reported in Ningbo from January 22 to February 22, 2020, so as to provide guidance for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods: The confirmed cases of COVID-19 reported by Ningbo were selected from National Diseases Prevention and Control Information System to analyze the epidemiological characteristics by descriptive epidemiological method, including time, spatial and population distribution, clinical symptoms and exposure history. Results: A total of 157 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported and there was no death. The first confirmed case was reported on January 22. On the incidence curve, the peak was from January 22 to February 4, with a maximum of 15 cases in a single day. The incidence curve presented sustained human-to-human transmission. The number of the cases showed a declining trend from February 5. The confirmed cases were reported in all 10 counties（cities or districts）,among which 69（43.95%）cases were reported in Haishu District. The confirmed cases were mainly 30-69 years old,accounting for 78.34%;were mainly farmers,household workers and retired people,accounting for 59.87%;and were mainly clinically mild,accounting for 87.90%.There were 51 imported cases, accounting for 32.48%. The initial confirmed case was a local case. In the early stage of the epidemic, local cases and imported cases prevalent together,which was due to the outbreak caused by the large-scale buddhist activity on January 19.This event resulted in 67 confirmed cases and 15 asymptomatic cases. There totally reported 22 clusters with 138 （87.90%）confirmed cases. Conclusions In the early stage of the COVID-19 epidemic in Ningbo, the imported cases and local cases prevalent at the same time. Most of the cases were female, aged from 30 to 69 years, and their occupation were farmers, household workers and retired people. With comprehensive measures taken, the epidemic of COVID-19 in Ningbo have been under control.

Objective: To investigate the origin of infection and risk factors of a case with SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with overseas countries in the Ningbo-Zhoushan Port, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the evidence for improving the COVID-19 control measures at ports. Methods: Ningbo Center for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) and Beilun CDC conducted case finding and epidemiological surveys immediately after being informed. The general information, history of vaccination and the travel during the latest 14 days were collected from the positive case, and all close contacts were tracked. Saliva samples were collected for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing and whole-genome sequencing, and the sequencing results were aligned with the GISAID's EpiCoV database. The origin of infection and transmission route of the positive case was investigated. Results: A case was identified positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid during company M's routine screening in the Ningbo-Zhoushan Port on August 10, 2021, and was confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid by Beilun CDC and Ningbo CDC on August 11. Whole-genome sequencing showed SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 ( Delta ) variant, which shared the highest homology with the virus sequence uploaded by Russia on June, 2021 ( Russia/MOW-RII-MH27356S/2021 ). The case was a bundling worker for overseas container ships, and reported communicated with foreign boatmen and contacted materials without protected interventions on the SINOKOR AKITA Container Ship between August 4 and 5, 2021. This ship anchored at Vladivostok, Russia from July 27 to 29, anchored at Ningbo Harbor on August 4, and departed on August 5. Then, 11 boatmen from this ship were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid on August 8. One asymptomatic case was reported in this epidemic; 254 close contacts and 617 secondary close contacts were identified, and all were tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid. No new cases with SARS-CoV-2 infections were detected until August 25, 2021, and the emergency response was therefore terminated. Conclusions The infection was a sporadic COVID-19 epidemic associated with overseas countries, which was caused by Delta variant infection through contacts with foreign boatmen or materials by a bundling worker in Ningbo-Zhoushan Port; fortunately, no epidemic spread occurred. Intensified closed-loop management and increased frequency of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test among high-risk populations, and improving the precision and rapid emergency treatment of COVID-19 epidemics are required for the containment of COVID-19 at ports.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the epidemiological characteristics and the bacterial pathogen composition of pneumonia among children under 5 years old in Ningbo.

METHODSIn 2013 February-April, we selected pediatric ward in three hospitals according to stratified cluster random sampling, and from which we collected all 57 556 hospitalized cases in January 2009-December 2012 period of children under 5 years old. A total of 16 740 medical records and bacterial spectrum records of pneumonia or bronchial pneumonia cases among children under 5 years old were described to calculate the proportions of children pneumonia or bronchial pneumonia hospitalized cases accounted for hospitalized children over the same period(referred to as proportions of pneumonia incidence), the detection rate of bacterial pathogens, proportions of bacterial spectrum, and to analyze the characteristics and bacterial pathogen composition of pneumonia among children under 5 years.

RESULTSThe proportions of children pneumonia in 2009-2012 were 26.16% (2 882/11 017), 31.23% (4 004/12 819), 29.35% (4 898/16 689) and 29.10% (4 956/17 031)(Z = 3.13, P < 0.01), and were in a downward trend by the increasing of age(Z = -113.74, P < 0.01). The proportions of children pneumonia of 0-5 age group were 50.71% (6 756/13 318), 26.60% (3 159/11 877), 24.17% (2 574 /10 648), 22.36% (2 509 /11 223) and 16.63% (1 745 /10 490). The proportions of children pneumonia with different season were 26.90% (3 725/13 850), 26.51% (3 788/14 287), 29.59% (4 442/15 011) and 33.21% (4 785 /14 408) (χ² = 198.77, P < 0.01). The proportions of severe children pneumonia of 0-5 age group were 1.10% (74/6 753), 0.47% (15/3 159), 0.19% (5 /2 574),0.08% (2 /2 509) and 0.06% (1 /1 745), with a downward trend by the age(F = 57.62, P < 0.01). The detection rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae,Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae was 19.3% (540/2 805), 16.4% (460/2 805), 13.6% (381/2 805), 11.9% (335/2 805), 11.5% (323/2 805) and 6.8% (192/2 805).

CONCLUSIONIn 2009-2012, the proportions of children pneumonia under 5 year old constituted a relatively high proportion in Ningbo city. Children under 1 year old were the major suffering group of pneumonia and severe pneumonia, which should be the key prevention group. The major bacterial pathogens of children's pneumonia in Ningbo are gram-negative bacteria.

Acinetobacter baumannii ; Child ; Epidemics ; Escherichia coli ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Haemophilus influenzae ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Pneumonia ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Streptococcus pneumoniae

Objective To explore the difference between T cells in the synovial fluid and peripheral blood in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA). Method Samples from 22 patients were studied. The differentiation and activation markers expressed on T cell surface were detected by immunofluorscence using flow cytometer. The specific proliferation of collagen Ⅱ and heat shock protein 70 was analyzed using standard 3H-TdR incorporation method. Restricted V beta usage of these T cell was analyzed by semi-quantitied RT-PCR. Results The majority of the T cell subsets in the synovial fluid were demonstrated to be CD4 and CD8 positive cells in which (40?10)% were CD4 positive and (36?16)% were CD8 T cells respectively. The ratio between CD4 and CD8 was much lower than that found in the PBL of RA patients. The percentage of CD3+/CD25+ T cells was (16?6)%. The specific proliferation of collagen Ⅱ and HSP70 to CD3+/CD25+ T cell was higher than that of CD3+/CD25+ negative T cells. The T cell receptor expressed on the T cells from both peripheral blood and synovial fluid were tested for ?? TCR (70?26)%. However, the T cells in the synovial fluid showed V?14,16 and 17 restriction. Conclusion The data here reported indicates that T cell subsets in the synovial fluid and peripheral blood circulation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis are different. The T cells in the synovial fluid demonstrates more activation and higher reactivation to collagen Ⅱ and HSP70. The TCR of T cells showes V?14,16 and 17 restriction.

Objective: To realize the efficient monitoring of frequency of medical exposure and dose monitoring in Ningbo by means of informatization. Methods: Data transmission process and the key elements of frequency of medical exposure and individual dose were investigated. According to standardization principles of data elements, the standardized data elements for frequency of medical exposure and individual dose were determined. On this basis, modules and functions of data receiving platform on the frequency of medical exposure and individual dose in Ningbo were designed. Results: Totally 59 data elements on frequency of medical exposure and individual dose were formed. According to their functions, the data receiving platform was divided into the distribution of radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy resources, the frequency monitoring of medical exposure and dose monitoring for permanent residents, and the dose monitoring. Conclusions The establishment of frequency and dose information monitoring platform on medical exposure in Ningbo and the determination of standardized data elements will be conducive to further progress in medical exposure information monitoring in Ningbo.

Objective: To study the infection rate of secondary close contacts of COVID-19 patients, and assess the infection risk in the contacts. Methods: COVID-19 patients' close contacts (with a clear exposure time to index case) with negative nucleic acid test results and secondary close contacts were surveyed in continuous isolation and medical observation in this prospective study. The dynamic nucleic acid test results of the close contacts and secondary contacts of COVID-19 patients were collected to assess their risk of infection. Results: A total of 4 533 close contacts were surveyed, in whom 14 were confirmed as COVID-19 patients with overall secondary attack rate of 0.31%, and 4 201 secondary contacts were tracked, in whom no subsequent infections occurred. Conclusion: Close contacts of COVID-19 patients entered in centralized isolation for medical observation with negative nucleic acid tese results,the secondary close contacts of COVID-19 patients have no risk of infection.
COVID-19/epidemiology* ; Contact Tracing ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nucleic Acids ; Prospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2

BACKGROUND: In China, lung cancer remains the cancer with the highest incidence and mortality rate. Among early-stage lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD), the micropapillary (MPP) component is prevalent and typically exhibits high aggressiveness, significantly correlating with early metastasis, lymphatic infiltration, and reduced five-year survival rates. Therefore, the study is to explore the similarities and differences between MPP and non-micropapillary (non-MPP) components in malignant pulmonary nodules characterized by GGOs in early-stage LUAD, identify unique mutational features of the MPP component and analyze the relationship between the ZNF469 gene, a member of the zinc-finger protein family, and the prognosis of early-stage LUAD, as well as its correlation with immune infiltration. METHODS: A total of 31 malignant pulmonary nodules of LUAD were collected and dissected into paired MPP and non-MPP components using microdissection. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the components of early-stage malignant pulmonary nodules. Mutational signatures analysis was conducted using R packages such as maftools, Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF), and Sigminer to unveil the genomic mutational characteristics unique to MPP components in invasive LUAD compared to other tumor tissues. Furthermore, we explored the expression of the ZNF469 gene in LUAD using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to investigate its potential association with the prognosis. We also investigated gene interaction networks and signaling pathways related to ZNF469 in LUAD using the GeneMANIA database and conducted Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Lastly, we analyzed the correlation between ZNF469 gene expression and levels of immune cell infiltration in LUAD using the TIMER and TISIDB databases. RESULTS: MPP components exhibited a higher number of genomic variations, particularly the 13th COSMIC (Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer) mutational signature characterized by the activity of the cytidine deaminase APOBEC family, which was unique to MPP components compared to non-MPP components in tumor tissues. This suggests the potential involvement of APOBEC in the progression of MPP components in early-stage LUAD. Additionally, MPP samples with high similarity to APOBEC signature displayed a higher tumor mutational burden (TMB), indicating that these patients may be more likely to benefit from immunotherapy. The expression of ZNF469 was significantly upregulated in LUAD compared to normal tissue, and was associated with poor prognosis in LUAD patients (P<0.05). Gene interaction network analysis and GO/KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that COL6A1, COL1A1, COL1A2, TGFB2, MMP2, COL8A2 and C2CD4C interacted with ZNF469 and were mainly involved in encoding collagen proteins and participating in the constitution of extracellular matrix. ZNF469 expression was positively correlated with immune cell infiltration in LUAD (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The study has unveiled distinctive mutational signatures in the MPP components of early-stage invasive LUAD in the Asian population. Furthermore, we have identified that the elevated expression of mutated ZNF469 impacts the prognosis and immune infiltration in LUAD, suggesting its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in LUAD.
Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics* ; Adenocarcinoma of Lung/genetics* ; China ; Prognosis ; Transcription Factors