Objective To observe and count the number of schistosome eggs and miracidia hatched from bladder urine of a Schistosoma nanjingi-infected rabbit. Methods After the rabbit was infected with 1 000 5. nanjingi cercariae and dissected on day 75, the bladder was removed and the arlult worms in venous plexus of the bladder were counted, and schistosome eggs in the bladder urine were observed and counted. After washing the eggs with water, the eggs were incubated at 26 C , and then miracidia hatched were counted. Results The number of adult worms in bladder venous plexus was 14 pairs (28 worms) and 18 840 eggs were found in the bladder urine. The surface of eggs adhered to a lot of small granular substance. Some degenerated and black eggs were seen in the urine. The number of miracidia hatched was 874, covering 4. 6% of the total number of the eggs. Conclusion S. nanjingi is different from 5. japonicum. After the rabbit was infected with S. nanjingi a lot of schistosome eggs were shown in the urine and miracidia can be hatched out.

0.05). Conclusion The present method has many advantages such as simplicity of operation,rapidity,better accuracy for the accurate quantitative analysis of urinary manganese.

Objective To induce and analysis the death relative factors of peritoneal dialysis patients over the past five years in fourth ward of qiandongnan from guizhou province guiyang medical college affiliated people's hospital in endocrinology and to improve the effect of nursing intervention.Methods 492 peritoneal dialysis patients were retrospective analyzed from Mar 2009 to Mar 2014,in order to conclude the causes of the patients that ending with death (n =89) and to formulate targeted nursing measures.Results The primary disease for death of maintained peritoneal patients was cardiovascular events [41.6％(37/89)],and the second factor was infection [32.6％(29/89)].The risk factors for mortality were age (≥70 years old),diabetes,endogenous creinine clearance rate declined [＜50 L·week-1 ·m-2],change of hemodialysis to peritoneal dialysis and higher peritoneal transport status.Conclusions It's important to strengthen the nursing intervention for the peritoneal dialysis patients with coronary heart disease,and to formulate targeted nursing measures for risk factors,so as to avoid the death.

Objective To delineate the m orp hology and ecology of a new human schistosome species. Methods (1)Adult schistosomes were obtained from infected mice and rabbi ts with cercariae shedding from snails which were infected with miracidia devel oping from the eggs in feces of acute schistosomiasis patients. (2)T he rabbits were dissected during 60-100 d infection period of cecariae, and thei r bladders were taken out for detecting eggs in the urine. (3)Schistosome eggs i n the feces of patients were examined with microscopy. Results (1)There were two types of male worms: one was with an average o f size 8.76 mm long and 0 43 mm wide while the other with an average size of 2 41 mm long and 0 091 mm wide and with undeveloped gynecophoral canal which ap peared in front of ventral sucker (2)There were two types of female worms: one was with an average of size 10 73 mm long and 0 74 mm wide while the other wi th an average of size 3 43 mm long and 0 12 mm wide and was fine, semitranspar ent and tape like with undeveloped ovary and vitellaria. Less than 10 eggs or none were found in t he uterus. (3)There were a lot of degenerated and black eggs in the feces of 2 p atients. (4) Schistosome eggs were detected in the urine and miracidia were hatc hed out from 8 out of 16 infected rabbits.(5) Others: 8 worms were detected in 1 mouse out of 12 dissected mice for evaluation of infectious water with sentry m ice in spite of that no Oncomelania snails were found in the area. Cercariae stayed on water surface in lying position like a c omma. The eggs returned forwardly a fter growing behind the ovary in female worm. ConclusionAccording to the primary investigation in morphology an d ecology, the new schistosome obtained is distinct from the 6 well defined ty p es of human schistosome. It is considered that a new schistosome species should be foun d and temporarily nominated as Schistosoma nanjingi( S.n.)

Objective To observe the development of Schistosoma japonicum in Oncomelania hupensis. MethodsOncomelania snails were infected heavily with miracidia of S.japonicum and the snails were dissected in different time. The mothersporocysts, daughtersporocysts and cercariae were collected, fixed with Bouin's fluid, dyed with carminic stain, enveloped with neutral gum and examined. ResultsThe neural rings were found in 1-24 hours old mothersporocysts and disappeared in 2 days. In the mothersporocysts, germinal cells increased and developed to germ balls. One germ ball developed to one daughtersporocyst. In daughtersporocysts, there were germ balls of different development stages and at last they developed into cercariae. ConclusionThe development process from the miracidium to mothersporocyst, to daughtersporocyst, to cercaria is observed.

Objective To explore the role of microRNA-206 (miR-206) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in infantile bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).Methods Thirty-five cases of infantile bronchiolitis and 25 cases of healthy controls were enrolled into the current study.PBMCs were isolated from the peripheral blood of both healthy subjects and those with infantile bronchiolitis in the acute and the convalescent stages.Total RNAs were extracted from PBMCs which were stimulated by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and Ionomycin, and then the RNA was transcribed reversely into cDNA.The expressions of miR-206 and Kruppel-like transcription factor 4 (KLF4) were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method.Plasma interleukin-17 (IL-17) was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results There was a significant difference in miR-206 levels of children with RSV bronchiolitis in the acute stage(0.055 ±0.018) and the convalescent stage(0.187 ±0.069) as well as the healthy controls(0.204 ± 0.075).Through pairwise comparison, the miR-206 levels in the children in the acute stage were significantly lower than those in the convalescent stage and healthy control group (P ＜ 0.01), but no statistical significance was found between the convalescent stage group and healthy control group(P ＞ 0.05).The levels of KLF4 mRNA of children in the acute stage,convalescent stage as well as the healthy subjects were 0.588 ± 0.161,0.086±0.024,0.075 ±0.019, respectively,which was significantly difference (P ＜ 0.01).The levels of IL-17 were (58.26 ±25.88) ng/L, (9.87 ± 3.01) ng/L, (7.65 ± 2.16) ng/L, respectively (P ＜ 0.01).Compared to the convalescent and the normal control group,both the KLF4 mRNA and IL-17 levels were markedly higher in the acute stage (P ＜ 0.01), but there were no significant differences between children with RSV bronchiolitis in convalescent stage and in the healthy controls (P ＞ 0.05).Furthermore, the result of this study showed a negative correlation between the expression of miR-206 and KLF4(r =-0.624 ,P ＜0.01)and IL-17 (r =-0.609 ,P ＜0.01) in children in the acute stage and a positive correlation between KLF4 mRNA and IL-17 in children in the acute stage (r =0.662, P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The levels of miR-206 may play a role in the onset of RSV associated post-bronchiolitis (PB) and the low expression of miR-206 in children infected with RSV may increase the susceptibility to PB.

Objective To identify genomic DNA of Schistosoma ?. Methods Amplification of genomic DNA by the random-amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) with 10-base pair was used. The 50 worms were collected from rabbits infected with cercariae of S.? and Schistosoma japonicum(S.j.) respectively. RAPD-PCR were performed on PCR-2400 according to the manufature's instruction. And 29 primers were adopted from Operon Company. The samples were run on 1.4% sepharose. Results RAPD fragments produced were various in quantity(4-12 bands)and size(0.5-5.2Kb) in S.? and S.j. , most of about 224 bands produced with 27 different primers were common, but 6 differential bands produced with 2 primers (J 01 CCCGGCATAA and L 12 GGGCGGTACT) of the 29 primers were found, 4 and 2 of the 6 differential bands seen in the S.? and S.j. respectively. Conclusion These specific fragments found in S.? and S.j. may be used as molecular markers for the identification of S.? and S.j.

Objective To examine the tegmental structure of Schistosoma nanjingi using scanning electron microscopy. Methods Adult schistosomes were obtained from infected rabbits with cercariae shedding from Oncomelania snails, which were infected with miracidia of Schistosoma nanjingi. The adult schistosomes were fixed with 4% glutaradehyde, and then, the samples were prepared with the conventional procedures and the schistosomes were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SX-40). Results There were two types of male and female adult worms. For the big male worm, there were big spines and deep cavity on the surface of middle back and some small spines on the surface of middle abdomen; for the small male worm, there were many small spines on the surface of whole back and abdomen. As the big female worm, there were some small spines on the whole tegumental surface. As the small female worm, there were some small spines on the surface of back and abdomen, but the shape of spines was different between the spines of back and abdomen. On the tail surface of the small female worm, there were two types of spines. The spoke-like acetabulum was found. The sensory organelle papillae with or without cilia were found on the tegmental surface of both male and female woems. Conclusion The tegmental structure of Schistosoma nanjingi is much different from that of Schistosoma japonicum.

Objective To find a novel operative modality with sphincter preservation in the treatment of middle and low rectal carcinoma. Methods Pull through lower resection was performed on 28 rectal cancer patients. The distance between the anal verge and the lower margin of the tumor was 6～8cm(20 patients) or 8～10cm(8 patients), including 8 patients in Dukes A stage, 16 Dukes B and 4 Dukes C. The resected line from tumor distal margin was 2cm, 3cm, and 4cm, respectively. Results There was no operative death, anastomotic fistula or anastomotic stenosis in these cases. Mean follow up period was 30 months. Local recurrence was found in two cases (7.1%) 18 months after the operation, and 26 cases were cancer free till the end of the follow up. Defecation was satisfactorily controlled 8～12 weeks after the operation. Conclusions Pull through Welch procedure could meet the criterion of the radical resection of rectal carcinoma,and keep the internal and external sphincter muscles intact in the superior lower anterior resection. The normal defecationcan can maintain after the operation due to the preservation of internal and external sphincter muscles.