Objective To investigate the expression of PTTG and VEGF-C in laryngeal carcinoma and the effect of angiogene-sis .Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of PTTG 、VEGF-C and LMVD in 60 cases of laryngeal car-cinoma and 32 cases of para-carcinoma tissue .D2 40 positive products was used to locate lymphatic endothelial cell cytoplasm and cell membrane ,and count lymphatic microvessel density (LMVD) .Results The expression of PTTG and VEGF-C in laryngeal car-cinoma was significantly higher than that in para-carcinoma tissue(P<0 .05) .In laryngeal carcinoma ,the expression of PTTG and VEGF-C were associated with differentiation ,lymph node metastasis and clinical stage(P<0 .05) ,but independent of clinical classi-fication ,smoking history ,tumor′size ,sex and gender(P>0 .05) .The expression of LMVD in laryngeal carcinoma was significantly higher than that in para-carcinoma tissue(P<0 .05) .The expression of LMVD was associated with lymph node metastasis (P<0 .05) ,but independent of differentiation ,clinical classification ,clinical stage smoking history ,tumor′size ,sex and gender ( P>0 .05) .A significantly positive relation was found between PTTG and VEGF-C(P<0 .05) .And there were positive relation between PTTG and LMVD、VEGF-C and LMVD(P<0 .05) .Conclusion PTTG and VEGF-C might play an important role in the carcino-genesis and development of laryngeal carcinoma .PTTG and VEGF-C could be a prognostic factor of colorectal cancer and a new tar-get of gene therapy .

Sjogren's syndrome (SS),named as dry impediment in Chinese medicine,has complex clinical symptoms.It is mostly caused by constitutional insufficiency,emotional disorder and improper diet combining external pathogen attack,resulting in dysfunction and interaction of five zang-organs,overconsumption and distribution dysfunction of yin,blood and fluid-humor,and failing to arrive at all limbs,bones and orifices.The paper elucidates the pathogenesis and diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics of dry impediment,and indicates the disease is related to all five zang-organs (heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney) while most closely related to kidney,spleen and liver.The pathogenesis of the disease is based on deficiency of kidney yin and essence,and mainly dominated by dysfunction of spleen in transportation and block of liver's free activity.The treatment of the disease,based on pattern differentiation,commonly use therapies of nourishing yin and tonifying kidney,fortifying spleen and tonifying qi,soothing liver and activating blood,clearing lung-heat and moistening dryness,and nourishing heart and tranquilizing mind,meanwhile matched with nourishing blood and engendering fluid,freeing collateral vessels and relieving pain,and clearing heat and eliminating dampness.Among these therapies,nourishing yin,tonifying qi and activating blood are keys in treatment.

BACKGROUND:Chondrocyte apoptosis is an important factor in the development of osteoarthritis,and Complanatoside A has a flavonoid effect,which can inhibit apoptosis of various cells,but its effect on chondrocyte apoptosis and the mechanism of action are not clear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the intrinsic association and mechanism of Complanatoside A in chondrocyte apoptosis based on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. METHODS:(1)The cartilage tissues of the femur and tibia transected during knee arthroplasty were collected,and chondrocytes were isolated,cultured in vitro,and identified.(2)Cell counting kit-8 was used to detect the optimal intervention concentration of Complanatoside A in the concentration range of 0-160 μmol/L.(3)Chondrocytes were divided into blank group,sodium nitroprusside(1.5 mmol/L)-induced group,and sodium nitroprusside(1.5 mmol/L)+Complanatoside A(5 μmol/L)group.The viability and apoptosis rate of the cells in each group were detected by cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry.The expression of type Ⅱ collagen and SOX9 was detected by immunofluorescence staining.The expression of apoptosis-related proteins and Wnt/β-catenin pathway proteins was detected by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The cells extracted in vitro were cultured and stained,and were clearly identified as chondrocytes.Complanatoside A had no obvious cytotoxicity to chondrocytes in the concentration range of 0-80 μmol/L,and significantly improved the chondrocyte viability in the concentration range of 2.5-10 μmol/L,especially when the concentration was 5 μmol/L.The apoptotic rate of chondrocytes was higher in the sodium nitroprusside-induced group than the blank control group,while the apoptotic rate was lower in the sodium nitroprusside+Complanatoside A group than the sodium nitroprusside-induced group.The fluorescence intensity of type Ⅱ collagen and SOX9 in chondrocytes was weaker in the sodium nitroprusside-induced group than the blank control group,while the fluorescence intensity of type Ⅱ collagen and SOX9 in the sodium nitroprusside+Complanatoside A group was higher than that of the sodium nitroprusside-induced group.In the sodium nitroprusside-induced group,the protein expression of Bax,Caspase-3,matrix metalloproteinase 13,Wnt3a,Wnt5a and β-catenin was higher than that of the blank control group,while the protein expression of Bcl-2 was lower than that of the blank control group.In the sodium nitroprusside+Complanatoside A group,except for the protein expression of Bcl-2 which was higher than that of the sodium nitroprusside-induced group,the expression of the other aforementioned proteins was lower than that of the sodium nitroprusside-induced group.To conclude,Complanatoside A has a certain inhibitory effect on chondrocyte apoptosis,which could regulate apoptosis-related proteins and promote the expression of chondrocyte regulatory factors,and presumably might play a role through inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of senile neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) inpatients in south China, especially in Guangdong province, and explore the influencing factors for their medical expenses.Methods:The medical records of 7231 patients with NDDs≥65 years were collected in the electronic health database of our hospital from January 2010 to December 2019, including gender, age, admission ways, chief complaints, length of hospital stays and medical expenses. On the basis of median of the medical expenses (21 345 yuan) of these patients, they were divided into low cost (<21 345 yuan) group and high cost (≥21 345 yuan) group. Univariate Logistic analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were conducted to screen the influencing factors for medical expenses and the independent influencing factors.Results:(1) The main age group of geriatric inpatients with NDDs were 70-79 years (40.96%); the admission source was mainly outpatient (56.70%), and length of hospital stays of a large percent of patients (44.50%) were 8-14 d. (2) From 2010 to 2019, the number of hospitalized geriatric patients with NDDs showed an increasing trend year by year, the overall trend of length of hospital stays was shortened, and the medical expenses showed gradual increase; the causes of hospitalization, percentages of patients caused by infection, abnormal blood pressure and water-electrolyte metabolism disturbances showed decreased trend, percentages of patients caused by heart diseases, cerebrovascular accidents and mental-psychological diseases showed increased trend, and the proportions of patients caused by fracture/trauma/wound injuries were generally stable. The proportion of patients returning home and mortality rate after hospital discharge were declined, and the proportion of patients returning to other medical or community institutions was increased. (3) Living in ICU, length of hospital stays, diabetes, nosocomial infection, chronic kidney disease, urinary tract infection, tumble, body mass index, and anticholinergic drugs were independent risk factors influencing the medical expenses ( P<0.05). Conclusions:An aging trend is noted in patients with NDDs; the number of hospitalized patients and medical expenses increase year by year, and the length of hospital stays gradually decreases. In view of the many factors that influence the medical expenses of this disease, it is suggested to develop the corresponding standardized treatment plan for the main influencing factors in clinical practice.

Previous studies suggest that the reduction of SMAD3 (mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3) has a great impact on tumor development, but its exact pathological function remains unclear. In this study, we found that the protein level of SMAD3 was greatly reduced in human-grade IV glioblastoma tissues, in which LAMP2A (lysosome-associated membrane protein type 2A) was significantly up-regulated. LAMP2A is a key rate-limiting protein of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), a lysosome pathway of protein degradation that is activated in glioma. We carefully analyzed the amino-acid sequence of SMAD3 and found that it contained a pentapeptide motif biochemically related to KFERQ, which has been proposed to be a targeting sequence for CMA. In vitro, we confirmed that SMAD3 was degraded in either serum-free or KFERQ motif deleted condition, which was regulated by LAMP2A and interacted with HSC70 (heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein). Using isolated lysosomes, amino-acid residues 75 and 128 of SMAD3 were found to be of importance for this process, which affected the CMA pathway in which SMAD3 was involved. Similarly, down-regulating SMAD3 or up-regulating LAMP2A in cultured glioma cells enhanced their proliferation and invasion. Taken together, these results suggest that excessive activation of CMA regulates glioma cell growth by promoting the degradation of SMAD3. Therefore, targeting the SMAD3-LAMP2A-mediated CMA-lysosome pathway may be a promising approach in anti-cancer therapy.