Objective To investigate the expression of TGF?2 in proximal OFT septum in connexin(Cx) 43 knockout(KO) mice and illustrate its relationship with myocardialization and reveal whether exogenous TGF?2 could promote myocardialization in vitro.Methods Objects were C57/BL6 mice of E12.5 to E15.5 by the mating of 2 month old Cx43 heterozygous mice,which included Cx43 homozygotes(Cx43-/-),heterozygotes(Cx43+/-) and wild-types(Cx43+/+) genotyped by PCR method.?-sarcomeric actin(?-SCA) and TGF?2 were detected by immunohistochemistry.TGF?2 with 3 different dosages was used to be the intervent added to the heart culture system in which the wild-type hearts of E12.5 were cultured till E15.5 before detecting the expression of ?-SCA by immunohistochemistry.Results The expression of ?-SCA in the proximal OFT septum was delayed obviously in Cx43-/-predominantly at E13.5 and E14.5.As compared with the Cx43+/+,the expression of TGF?2 in proximal OFT septum decreased obviously in Cx43-/-mice predominantly at E14.5,and less obviously in(Cx43+/-) mice.None of the intervention groups showed the obvious promoted myocardialization.Conclusions Cx43 KO mice exhibited delayed myocardialization,and the decreased TGF?2 may involve in the abnormal myocardialization of Cx43 KO mice.Application of TGF?2 in vitro could not exactly mimic the in vivo expression pattern of TGF?2,or the process of myocardialization may require precise dosage of TGF?2 and stringency of cultured system.

Objective To discuss the relative importance of the 5 English skills and to compare medical majors' main purposes of English listening and medical majors' actual usage of English listening.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among medical sophomores in the Second Military Medical University who had finished the college English course.Data were processed by Excel 2007 and statistical results were described by percentage.Results Participants paid enough attention to five English skills,especially the listening ability; a total of 98.4％ of the participants recognized the importance of listening skills.Students' learning needs and course arrangements are mainly about examinations,graduations future study.Medical English course arrangements cannot satisfy the learning needs.Conclusions Students recognized the importance of five English skills,especially the listening skills.Students' learning needs are basically examination-oriented and the medical English course is not enough for the students.Suggestions on the English teaching,course design and the integration of college English and medical English are put forward in the paper.

Based on the theory of self-access learning,this paper makes an investigation into some factors which have great influence on the fostering of learner autonomy by the case study of the online English writing course.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy and safety of metoprolol and bisoprolol in the treatment of diastolic heart fail-ure. METHODS:150 patients with diastolic heart failure were randomly divided into group A(75 cases) and group B(75 cases). All patients received aspirin,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors,angiotensin receptor antagonists,calcium antagonists,di-uretic and cardiac drugs and other conventional treatment;based on it,group A received Metoprolol tartrate tablet with initial dose of 6.25 mg,orally,twice a day,then increased to 100-200 mg based on improvement and tolerability;group B received 1.25 mg Metoprolol tartrate tablet,orally,once a day,then increased to 10 mg based on improvement and tolerability. The treatment course for 2 groups was 12 weeks. Clinical efficacy,and left ventricular end systolic diameter(LVESD),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),myocardial performance index(LVTei index),brain natriuretic pep-tide(BNP),interleukin(IL)-1,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α before and after treatment,and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:The efficacy in group B was significantly higher than group A,incidence of adverse reac-tions were significantly lower than group A,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Before treatment,there were no significant differences in the LVESD,LVEF,LVEDD,LVTei index,BNP,IL-1,IL-6 and TNF-α in 2 groups(P>0.05). Af-ter treatment,LVESD,LVEDD,LVTei index,BNP,IL-1,IL-6 and TNF-α in 2 groups were significantly lower than before,and group B was lower than group A,LVEF was significantly higher than before,and group B was higher than group A,the differenc-es were statistically significant(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Based on the conventional treatment,bisoprolol is significantly superi-or to metoprolol in terms of efficacy,relieving clinical symptoms and improving cardiac functions in the treatment of diastolic heart failure,with better safety.

We carried out a questionnaire survey on the career planning situation of pharmacy postgraduate students at Peking university, so as to collect information for career planning education of pharmacy postgraduate students, which is expected to promote their employment on completion of degree. by. The results revealed the status quo of career planning and the demand for guidance in this aspect. Recommendations for career planning education of pharmacy postgraduate students were made thereby.

Objective:To investigate the effects of different phototherapy intensities on the levels of malondialdehyde, a peroxidation product of intralipid, vitamin C and vitamin E in parenteral nutrition for premature infants.Methods:The parenteral nutrition for premature infants was prepared under strict aseptic condition and was divided into four groups based on different phototherapy intensities in simulated clinical settings, which were indoor light group, single-, double-, and three-sided phototherapy group. According to whether the nutrient solution shielded for light or not, each group was further divided into two subgroups: exposure or non-exposure group. The levels of malondialdehyde, vitamin C and vitamin E in all groups before phototherapy and 6, 12, 18, and 24 h after phototherapy were measured. Ten samples of parenteral nutrient solutions were prepared for each group, of which 2 ml were extracted for test at different time points. Repeated measurement analysis of variance was used for data analysis and the results were adjusted using Greenhouse-Geisser method if failed in Mauchly sphere test.Results:With the increase of phototherapy time, the malondialdehyde level increased in the exposure and the non-exposure subgroups in the one-sided phototherapy group [before phototherapy: (3.777±0.112) vs (3.746±0.141) nmol/ml; phototherapy for 6 h: (3.808±0.122) vs (3.715±0.145) nmol/ml; 12 h: (4.546±0.138) vs (4.507±0.136) nmol/ml; 18 h: (6.116±0.151) vs (5.239±0.156) nmol/ml; 24 h: (7.569±0.136) vs (5.300±0.200) nmol/ml; all P<0.05], but the level of vitamin C [before phototherapy: (62.507±0.205) vs (62.341±0.144)μg/ml; phototherapy for 6 h: (51.211±0.086) vs (58.128±0.076) μg/ml; 12 h: (43.288±0.084) vs (55.351±0.050) μg/ml; 18 h: (35.758±0.113) vs (51.215±0.093) μg/ml; 24 h: (33.473±0.075) vs (48.473±0.080)μg/ml] and vitamin E decreased [before phototherapy: (4.101±0.132) vs (4.084±0.141) μg/ml; phototherapy for 6 h: (3.761±0.119) vs (3.904±0.075) μg/ml; 12 h: (3.654±0.092) vs (3.729±0.087) μg/ml; 18 h: (3.385±0.102) vs (3.582±0.119) μg/ml; 24 h: (3.313±0.127) vs (3.438±0.113) μg/ml, all P<0.05]. The same situation was also observed in indoor light group, double-, and three-sided phototherapy groups. The malondialdehyde level at different time in the exposure subgroups were higher but the vitamin C and vitamin E levels were lower than those in the non-exposure subgroups, regardless of the phototherapy intensities (all P<0.001). (2) The analysis of all exposure phototherapy subgroups showed that the higher the intensity of light therapy, the higher the malondialdehyde level, and the lower the level of vitamin C and vitamin E, with statistical significance differences in any pairwise comparison. Analysis of all non-exposure subgroups showed statistically significant differences in the malondialdehyde level in any pairwise comparison (all P<0.05) except for the comparison between indoor light group and single-sided phototherapy group ( F=2.383. P=0.140). Moreover, the greater the phototherapy intensities, the lower vitamin C level, with statistically significant differences in any pairwise comparison. And statistical significance differences were observed in the vitamin E level in any pairwise comparison (all P<0.05) except for the comparison between double- and three-sided phototherapy groups ( F=1.358, P=0.259). Conclusions:Phototherapy can increase the malondialdehyde level in parenteral nutrient solution for premature infants and the degree of intralipid peroxidation, but can also lead to vitamin C and vitamin E loss in the parenteral nutrient and weaken its antioxidant capacity.

A new leaf spot disease on maize mainly caused by Curvularia lunata( Walk )Boed is becoming prevalent in the north of China The conidia play an im portant role during the disease invasion circulation When we cultivated C lunata on sorghum medium, a kind of black and short columned protuberance was obser v ed on the surface of sorghum Further microscopic examination certified that th is special structure was stroma, a kind of conidiomata of C lunata

Objective To investigate the utilization of enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition in an inpatient pharmacy.Method The utilization of enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition formulations in our inpatient pharmacy from 2008 to 2010 was analyzed in terms of brand,volume,and cost using the defined daily dose method.Results The amount of the brands of enteral nutrition formulations increased from 7 to 9 from 2008 to 2010,with the expenditure increased from RMB 426 489 yuan in 2008 to RMB 673 717 yuan in 2010.The amount of brands of parenteral nutrition formulations increased from 43 in 2008 to 50 in 2010,with the expenditure increased from RMB 8 913 103 yuan in 2008 to RMB 13 637 343 yuan in 2010.Conclusion Parenteral nutrition remains the dominant nutritional mode in our hospital and the utilization of enteral nutrition is still low.

OBJECTIVE To manage the surgical instruments borrowed from medical equipment companies effectively in order to prevent or decrease the incidence of hospital infection.METHODS We analyzed the hidden trouble inducing the hospital infection by data investigation.Effective management of surgical instruments was suggested.RESULTS The management method was accepted by most departments and the surgical site infection was well controlled.CONCLUSIONS Effective management of borrowed surgical instruments should be further emphasized to ensure the safety for operation.