OBJECTIVE Chronic ulcers on the limbs are a common problem in diabetic patients with pathological changes in nerve and vessels.Such ulcers can result in disablement and may even be life-threatening.The treatment of these chronic ulcers is a difficult issue in current medical practice.The development of an effective and easily handled treatment is,therefore,an important topic in the management of diabetes to improve patients′ quality of life. METHODS Povidone iodine water bath was given to 54 diabetes patients with chronic ulcer on their limbs at a time when their glucose levels were controlled by insulin to FBG

Objective To explore perioperative control level of plasma glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 163 patients with diabetes were divided into two groups, Group A with fasting plasma glucose (FPG)≤6.9 mmol/L, and Group B with FPG≥7.0 mmol/L. FPG, plasma glucose two hours after glucose load (2hPG), urine ketone, hypoglycemia, days to use antibiotics, and days of operation wound healed were observed. Results FPG level [(5.9?0.7) mmol/L] before surgical operation and plasma glucose level [(7.5?1.7) mmol/L]during operation in Group A were lower than those in Group B [(8.1?2.1) mmol/ L and(13.4?3.7) mmol/L], with P

Congenital heart disease is one of the most common birth defects, which is the main cause of death in children.Cardiovascular development is a complex process involving multiple genes, signaling pathways and regulatory factors.According to the sequencing of human genome and encode project, more than 80% of the genes in the genome are transcribed, but only 3% of these transcripts correspond to protein-encoding RNA.It is pointed out that non-coding RNA is as important or even more important as encoding RNA.More and more evidences show that not only encoding genes are involved in the regulation of cardiovascular development, but also protein non-coding genes play an important role in the development of heart.This review will summarize the biological characteristic and function of long noncoding RNAs, and introduce the role of some representative lncRNA in heart development and congenital heart disease.

BACKGROUND: Transcranial Doppler(TCD) spectrum analysis techniques cannot measure the diameters of blood vessels and therefore and not be used to calculate the changes of brain blood flow. A formula was designed for regional cerebral blood flow loss index(rCBFLI) following arteriostenosis when arteriostenosis index formula was deduced; the former may provide a reference to assess cerebral function.OBJECTIVE: To introduce the formula of cerebral blood flow loss ratio obtained basing on TCD results.DESIGN: Retrospective controlled study based on patients with cerebral middle arteriostenosis diagnosed with TCD and healthy people.SETTING: At the departments of neurology in a university hospital and in a military medical university affiliated hospital of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Between October 1994 and December 2000,43 patients who were confirmed of arteriostenosis with TCD at outpatient or neurological ward of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University were enrolled into this study,and their TCD results were compared with 908 normal controls between March 1992 and September 2000.METHODS: Stenosis index (STI) formula was deduced from TCD results of 31unilateral and 12 bilateral stenoses at middle cerebral artery(MCA) . STI = 1- [ normal average blood velocity (Vm0) ÷ average blood velocity at stenosisSince(PI1 ÷PI0) may be equal to [post-stenosis blood flow(Q1) ÷ normal blood flow(Q0)],regional cerebral blood flow loss index is concluded as:MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: rCBFLI,relationship between STI and Vm,as well as between rCBFLI and STI.RESULTS: rCBFLI formula was used to calculate the rCBFLI of 31 patients following unilateral MCA stenosis. rCBFLI of these 31 patients was obtained by Pearson statistical analysis. STI was found to be related to the average blood velocity at stenosis with relative coefficient(Vm) of(r) =0.76( P ＜ 0. 001 )and r = 0. 83 ( P ＜ 0. 001 ) . rCBFLI was proved to be correlated with Vm and STI with r = 0. 76( P ＜ 0. 01 ) and r = 0. 81 in 55 side MCA stenoses,and the difference was of statistical significance( P ＜ 0. 001 ).CONCLUSION: rCBFLI can be used to assess the decrement of regional brain blood flow due to the stenosis of supplying artery; also,it can be used to observe the changes of brain hemodynamics if combined with STI.

BACKGROUND: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) derived from adrenal cortex has an indirect bioeffect through differentiating into androgen or estrogen in the related peripheral tissues. OBJECTIVE: To verify the effects and mechanisms of DHEA on promoting osteoblasts (OBs) proliferation. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The grouping controlled experiment was accomplished in Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University from January 2006 to February 2007. MATERIALS: Ten SD rats were recruited, 1 day old, regardless of gender. DHEA was the product of American Sigma Company. METHODS: Rat OBs were separated and cultured in vitro. First generation of OBs cultured in a varied concentrations of DHEA (1?10-5, 1?10-7 and 1?10-9 mmol/L) for 72 hours were set up as the experiment group, while those exposed to 1?10-8 mmol/L of estradiol culture were regarded as positive controls and blank control group was set up as well. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The OBs were identified by cell morphology and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) dyeing. Light microscope and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay were used to detect the growth and proliferation of OBs. The formation of mineralized nodus was examined by alizarin bordeaux stain. The concentrations of osteoprotegerin in DHEA culture solution were also measured by double antibody sandwich ABC-ELISA simultaneously. RESULTS: ①Identification of primarily cultured OBs showed ALP dyeing was positive.②Proliferation rate of OBs was increased in experiment groups compared with that of the blank control group, and the most significant increase occurred in the concentration of 1?10-7 mmol/L DHEA culture (P 0.05).③ALP activity in experiment groups was higher, especially in the group with the concentration of 1?10-7 mmol/L DHEA (P 0.05).④ALP activity of unitary cell population was higher in 1?10-9 mmol/L DHEA culture group than that in blank control group (P

We compare the results of two subcutaneous insulin regimens in type 2 diabetic patients with fractures during the perioperative period. In group Ⅰ 162 patients received regular insulin three times+ NPH insulin bedtime protocol; in group Ⅱ 72 patients received regular insulin three times + NPH insulin twice protocol. The difference of the time achieving satisfactory level of blood glucose (BG) and associated factors were analyzed, and the related complications were observed. The average time achieving satisfactory BG level was (9.1±3. 3) days and (7.0±2.6) days for group Ⅰ and Ⅱ respectively (P <0.05). There were no statistical differences in hypoglycemia, infection and thrombosis between two groups. Binary logistics regression showed that the time of achieving desired BG level was associated with blood glucose(BG) and the proportion of the regular insulin and the NPH. The results indicate that five times insulin injection method can shorten the time of achieving desired BG level and may be benefit to diabetic patients with fracture.

Objective To investigate correlations between nursing students’discrimination on psychopaths and exposure to them.Method One hundred and twenty-one nursing students were involved in the investigation by a general information questionnaire,a discrimination against mental patients scale(DAMPS)and an exposure to mental patients scale(FLS).Results The total mean score on discrimination,scores on isolation dimension and scores on capability were all significantly lower than the norms(all P<0.01).Negative correlation was observed between nursing students’discrimination against patients and exposure to patients(r=-0.31,P<0.05). Conclusion Measures should be taken to encourage nurses to understand patients so as to alleviate their discrimination.

OBJECTIVE:To determine the antimicrobial activity of alcoholic e xtracts of47traditional Chinese herbal medicines in vitro.METHODS:Antibiotic drug sensitive tests of Escherichia coli and Bacillus pyocyaneus were conducted,al?coholic extracts of47Chinese herbal medicines were prepared,which were subjected to bicteriostatic tests in vitro by agar spread routine method.RESULTS:Among the47traditonal Chinese herbal medicines alcoholic extracts,11of which did have antimicrobial activity against escherichia coli,pseudomonas aeruginosa and blastomyces albicans in different degree;among which,the antimicrobial activity of the alcoholic extracts of paeoniae radix and granatum to drug resistance bacteria were the highest,the alcoholic extracts of paeoniae radix showed strong inhibitory activities to the above3bacterium,especially to the resistant organisms with the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC)at1.3,1.1and1.8mg/ml respectively;The antimi?crobial activities of alchoholic extracts of granatum against the above3bacterium were also high with the MIC at8.3,3.6and2.3mg/ml respectively.CONCLUSION:The alcoholic extracts of paeoniae radix and granatum have broad spectrum of an?timicrobial activity and which have antimicrobial effect to drug resistance bacteria.

Objective To study the changes and mechanism of calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS)and the bone mineral density( BMD) of AP lumbar spine( L 2-L 4 ) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation ( BUA) ,sound of speed ( SOS ) and stiffness( STI) by QUS ,BMD of the AP lumber spine by dual energy X-ray absorptometry ( DXA ) and some biochemical markers of bone metabolism in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( n=94 )and in healthy control group ( n=90 ) were measured . Results L 2 BMD values(g/cm 2)of male group with type 2 diabetes mellitus was 0.863, which was lower than that of control group ( 0.931, P

BACKGROUND: Research on mapping the gene for benign familial infantile convulsion(BFIC) has been conducted mainly in western countries. Although three chromosome loci have been found by three research groups, up to now the gene responsible for BFIC has been neither found nor identified. Mapping the gene and studying locus heterogeneity is the first step toward cloning the disease gene.OBJECTIVE: To explore the relation between BFIC loci and the gene for BFIC in five Chinese pedigrees with BFIC. Locus heterogeneity among these pedigrees will be revealed based on the findings so as to further map the gene.DESIGN: Retrospective and observational controlled study using five Chinese pedigrees with BFIC as subjects.SETTING: Laboratory of cell biology and medical genetics in a university.PARTICIPANTS: The study was conducted in the Laboratory of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics of Zhengzhou University from July 2001 to July 2003. Five BFIC pedigrees of 70 subjects, 28 BFIC patients and 42 non-BFIC patients, from Xinxiang, Nanyang, Zhoukou, and Hebi of Henan Province,China, were involved. Inclusion criteria: Those met the epileptic seizure classification criteria issued by the International Anti-epilepsy Commissi6n[2].Exclusion criteria: The patients were excluded from the group of the affected members if any of the three examinations, namely, interictal electroencephalograms, computed-tomography scanning and magnetic-resonance imagining, was abnormal. The same exclusion criteria applied to patients who had suffered either toxicosis or cerebral damage.METHODS: To get the genotypes of these family members, such techniques as polymerase chain reaction, polyacrlamide and agarose gels electrophresis and sliver straining were used. The procedure was as follows: first, DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of the members of five pedigrees with BFIC. Then, six short tandem repeat(STR) loci, namely, D19S245,D19S250, D16S3131, D16S3133, D2S399 and D2S2330, were used to detect genotype of each family member, followed by input of the genotypes into the computer and linkage analysis by MLINK program from LINKAGE package. Finally, the results of linkage analysis were analyzed by HOMOGM program and locus heterogeneity was obtained.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Analysis results of genotype of each subject and the results of heterogeneity detection.RESULTS: One maximum two-point limit of detection (LOD) score of 2. 151 for D19S250 was obtained at recombination rate of 0. 000 under autosomal dominant model with 90% penetrance. For D16S3131, two maximum two-point LOD scores of 1. 056 and 1. 155 were obtained at recombination rate of 0. 085 under autosomal dominant model with 70% and 60% penetrance. This suggested that the gene for BFIC pedigree might be linked to D16S3131 or D19S250. At the other DNA markers, no information suggested that linkage was produced. The results of heterogeneity detection showed that there was locus heterogeneity among the BFIC pedigrees.CONCLUSION: The gene for BFIC may be linked to D16S3131 or D19S250. Heterogeneity exists in BFIC, which serves as primary information for the further study of mapping the disease gene for BFIC.