Objective To study the epidemiology of outbreaks of infectious diseases in the armed forces from 1996 to 2005 to seek appropriate measures to prevent and control the outbreaks.Methods The reported data were descriptively analyzed concerning infectious diseases during a period of 1996 to 2005 bused on the Infectious Disease Surveillance and Reporting System of Chinese PLA.Results About 78 500 cases of 42 different infectious diseases were reported in Chinese PLA during 1996-2005.Viral hepatitis,dysentery,and pulmonary tuberculosis ranked the first,composing 81.49% of the total cases.The number of cases declined continuously during 1996-2000,but it became stable after 2000.Respiratory infectious diseases outnumbered that of intestinal infectious diseases gradually in recent years and became the most dominant infectious diseases.Conclusion The prevention and control of infectious diseases in the armed forces is a long-term task,and respiratory infectious diseases should be the focus in the work.

The core protein (CP) of the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is one of its structural proteins. Apart from forming the nucleocapsid to protect internal viral genomic RNA, this protein is involved in transcriptional regulation. Also, during viral infection, the CP is involved in interactions with many host proteins. In this review, we combine study of this protein with its disorders, structural/functional characteristics, as well as its interactions with the non-structural proteins NS3, NS5B and host proteins such as SUMO-1, UBC9, OS9 and IQGAP1. We also summarize the important part played by the CP in CSFV pathogenicity, virulence and replication of genomic RNA. We also provide guidelines for further studies in the CP of the CSFV.
Animals ; Classical Swine Fever ; virology ; Classical swine fever virus ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathogenicity ; Genome, Viral ; Swine ; Viral Core Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Virulence

Objective: To investigate the awareness of air pollution protection knowledge and its influencing factors among primary school students in Shennongjia Forest District, Hubei Province, so as to provide insights into targeting implementation of health education on air pollution protection knowledge. Methods: Students in Grade 3 to 5 in Shennongjia Shiyan primary school were enrolled by stratified cluster sampling method, and students' demographic features and awareness of air pollution protection knowledge were investigated using the Investigation on the Effects of Air Pollution Health Protection of Pupils (Volume A). Factors affecting the awareness of air pollution protection knowledge among primary school students were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 897 questionnaires were allocated, and 877 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 97.77%. The respondents included 446 men (50.86%) and 431 women (49.14%), 301 third grade students (34.32%), 284 fourth grade students (32.38%), and 292 fifth grade students (33.30%), and had a mean age of (10.32±0.93) years. The overall awareness of air pollution protection was 55.76%, and the awareness rates of basic concepts, basic knowledge, and basic behaviors and skills were 42.99%, 53.48% and 57.24%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age (OR=1.453, 95%CI: 1.053-2.005), living with parents (OR=2.638, 95%CI: 1.571-4.429), mother's educational level (below primary school, OR=0.270, 95%CI: 0.084-0.862; primary school, OR=0.169, 95%CI: 0.069-0.416; junior high school, OR=0.309, 95%CI: 0.138-0.691; high school, OR=0.352, 95%CI: 0.160-0.773) and average annual family income (50 000 to 100 000 Yuan, OR=1.629, 95%CI: 1.162-2.282; 100 000 to 150 000 Yuan, OR=1.802, 95%CI: 1.101-2.948; ≥150 000 Yuan, OR=1.939, 95%CI: 1.065-3.529) as factors affecting the awareness of air pollution protection knowledge among primary school students. Conclusion The awareness of air pollution protection knowledge is 55.76% among primary school students in Shennongjia Forest District, and is affected by age, mother's educational level, average annual family income and living with parents.

Objective:To analyze the relationship between infection and transmission of HIV/AIDS, explore the characteristics of the HIV-1 transmission network, and provide evidence for formulating targeted prevention and control measures.Methods:The newly confirmed HIV/AIDS in Jiaxing from 2017 to 2018 were selected for the study. The sociodemographic and infection transmission-related information was gathered. The blood samples were collected and RNA was extracted, RT-PCR and nested PCR amplified the pol gene of HIV-1. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by Mega 6.0 software for subtype analysis. The genetic distance between strains was calculated, and the molecular transmission network was drawn by using Cytoscape 3.6.0 software. The results of the epidemiological study based on the molecular transmission network were analyzed. Results:There were fifteen HIV-1 gene subtypes in 517 cases of HIV/AIDS. The main subtypes were CRF01_AE (37.1%)、CRF07_BC (36.2%) and CRF08_BC (11.8%). Under the 1.0% gene distance threshold, 87 molecular clusters were established, and the total clustering rate was 45.8% (237/517). The cluster risk factors were 60-81 age group (compared with 14-24 age group, OR=2.690, 95% CI:1.058-6.844), married (compared with unmarried, OR=1.698, 95% CI:1.003-2.875), CRF07_BC subtype (compared with CRF01_AE, OR=2.203, 95% CI:1.426-3.404). The largest molecular cluster, CRF07_BC-1, consisted of 50 cases (including 21 cases confirmed in 2017 cases and 29 confirmed in 2018). Multivariate analysis showed that characteristics of unmarried (compared with married, OR=2.482, 95% CI:1.140-5.402), gays (compared with heterosexual, OR=3.163, 95% CI:1.543-6.483), cases with high-risk transmission (compared with other cases, OR=7.631, 95% CI:1.783-32.654), confirmed in Nanhu and Pinghu districts of Jiaxing (compared with other districts, OR=2.225, 95% CI:1.074-4.608) were risks for entering the largest molecular cluster. There were seven suspected high-risk transmission MSM in the largest molecular cluster. The first debut of homosexual behavior was from 2010 to 2018, and the median number of gay partners was 20 ( P 25, P 75：10, 100) within two years before being diagnosed. Six reported a recent history of looking for gay partners in an MSM dating place in Nanhu district. Conclusions:The HIV-1 subtypes of newly confirmed HIV/AIDS were diverse, mainly sporadic in Jiaxing from 2017 to 2018. There were geographical aggregation characteristics and suspected some high-risk transmission cases, suggesting that rapid transmission and targeted intensive intervention are needed.

Objective:To investigate the application value of Th1/Th2 cytokines,interleukin-17(IL-17)and serum tumor markers in the diagnosis,prognosis and recurrence of breast cancer.Methods:A total of 200 patients with breast cancer admitted to Inner Mongolia Hospital of Peking University Cancer Hospital from December 2021 to December 2022 were selected,and they were divided into negative group(60 cases),weakly positive(80 cases)group and positive group(60 cases)according to immunohistochemistry indicators.In addition,another 60 persons who underwent physical examination were selected as healthy control group.The changes of the Th1/Th2,IL-17,CA125,CYFRA21-1,CA153 and CEA levels were observed,and the clinical value of the combined detection of the 6 indicators in predicting the prognosis and recurrence of breast cancer was investigated.Results:The results of comparative analysis indicated that the clinical pathological features related to recurrence,histological grading,tumor diameter and lymph node metastasis(x2=7.552,12.037,12.063,8.543,P＜0.05),respectively.Multivariate analysis showed that tumor recurrence,tissue grading,tumor diameter and lymph node metastasis were the important factors for the prognosis of patients with breast cancer(OR=3.096,3.050,3.425,3.031,P＜0.05).Compared with the single prediction of Th1/Th2,IL-17,CA125,CYFRA21-1,CA153 and CEA,the combined prediction of 6 indicators had higher clinical value for prognosis and recurrence of patients with breast cancer,which sensitivity,accuracy and specificity were respectively 96%,93.46%and 85%.Conclusion:The observation on the changes of the combined predictive levels of 6 items,which include Th1/Th2,IL-17,CA125,CYFRA21-1,CA153 and CEA of patients,indicates that the combined detection has high sensitivity and accuracy.This highly efficient and convenient detection method can provide references for improving the prognosis,reducing the recurrence and enhancing the accuracy of assessment.

Objective:To analyze the dynamic change rule of gut microbiota in patients with extremely severe burns using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) high-throughput sequencing technology.Methods:Five patients with extremely severe burns who were admitted to Hwa Mei Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences from February to June 2017 and conformed to the inclusion criteria were included in the prospective observational study. All patients were males with age of 32-48 years. Fecal samples were collected in the shock stage (within 3 days after injury), early stage of acute infection (4-14 d after injury), middle stage of acute infection (15-28 d after injury), late stage of acute infection (from 29 d after injury to 1 week before discharge) and within 1 week before discharge. The number of samples was 5 in each stage. The fecal pH value was measured using a pH meter. High-throughput sequencing technology was applied for sequencing of 16S rRNA V3 and V4 regions of fecal samples. QIIME software was used to analyze the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), α diversity (Chao1 index and Shannon index), and the relative abundance of gut microbiota at the phylum and family levels. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean clustering method was used to analyze the β diversity of gut microbiota, and Tax4Fun was used to predict functional changes of gut microbiota. Data were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance for repeated measurement, Bonferroni method, Wilcoxon rank sum test for paired samples, and Bonferroni correction.Results:(1) The pH value of feces in the early and middle stages of acute infection in patients with extremely severe burns in this group was 7.40±0.45 and 7.56±0.45 respectively, which were significantly higher than 6.68±0.36 in the shock stage ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). (2) A total of 2 333 584 efficient and high-quality sequences were obtained, and the length of the sequences was about 415 bp. A total of 1 209 OTUs were obtained. The sequencing coverage of all samples was over 99.0%. The number of OTUs and Chao1 index in the early, middle, and late stages of acute infection in patients with extremely severe burns in this group were significantly lower than those in the shock stage ( Z=2.023, P<0.05). The number of OTUs and Chao1 index within 1 week before discharge were significantly higher than those in the early, middle, and late stages of acute infection, and Shannon index within 1 week before discharge was significantly higher than that in the early and middle stages of acute infection ( Z=2.023, P<0.05). (3) The structure of gut microbiota in the shock stage in patients with extremely severe burns in this group was highly similar to that within 1 week before discharge, and lowly similar to that in the early, middle, and late stages of acute infection. The analysis of individual sample showed that the clustering rule of most of the samples was in accordance with that of the staged samples. The weighted Unifrac distance of gut microbiota in the shock stage was significantly shorter than that in the early, middle, and late stages of acute infection ( Z=3.326, 2.570, 2.690, P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the weighted Unifrac distance of gut microbiota in the other stages was similar. (4) At the phylum level, compared with that in the shock stage, the relative abundance of Firmicutes was decreased in the early, middle, and late stages of acute infection, while the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria increased. However, the relative abundance of the above three phyla within 1 week before discharge was similar to that in the shock stage. At the family level, the top five dominant bacteria in relative abundance in different stages after injury were quite different. The relative abundance of dominant five family bacteria in the shock stage was decreased in the early, middle, and late stages of acute infection. The relative abundance of non-dominant bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcaceae, and Bacteroidaceae in the shock stage increased significantly in the early, middle, and late stages of acute infection, which became new dominant families in these stages. The relative abundance of some acid-producing bacteria within 1 week before discharge resumed to the similar level in the shock stage. (5) Functions such as some amino acid metabolism, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate metabolism of gut microbiota were obviously weaker in the early and middle stages of acute infection than those in the shock stage. Functions such as some amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism of gut microbiota were significantly enhanced in the late stage of acute infection compared with that in the shock stage. The distributions of functional genes in gut microbiota were similar between the shock stage and within 1 week before discharge. Conclusions:The internal environment and gut microbial compositions in extremely severe burned patients change significantly in the early and middle stages of acute infection. The pH value increases, the bacterial species and diversity decrease, especially the relative abundance of acid-produced bacteria is significantly reduced, which gradually recover with the improvement of the patient′s condition. The pH value and the changes of Proteobacteria and acid-producing bacteria could be considered as suitable parameters for reflecting the disorder level of gut microbiota in patients with extremely severe burns.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical characteristics and genetic basis of a child with Teebi hypertelorism syndrome 1 (TBHS1). METHODS: A child with TBHS1 who was admitted to the Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine on July 13, 2021 was selected as the study subject. Clinical data of the child was collected. Peripheral blood samples of the child and his parents were collected and subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES). Candidate variant was verified by Sanger sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. RESULTS: The child, a 13-year-old male, had manifested delayed growth and development. WES results revealed that he has harbored a heterozygous c.1244A>G variant of the SPECC1L gene, which was verified to be de novo in origin. The variant has not been included in the HGMD and gnomAD databases. As predicted by online software including PolyPhen-2, SIFT, and Mutation Taster, the variant may affect the function of protein domain. And PyMOL software has predicted that the structural stability of SPECC1L protein (p.Gln415Arg) might be reduced. Based on the guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the variant was classified as pathogenic (PM6+PM1+PP4+PM2_Supporting+PP3). CONCLUSION The heterozygous c.1244A>G variant of the SPECC1L gene probably underlay the TBHS1 in this child. Above finding has expanded the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of the SPECC1L gene and provided a basis for the clinical diagnosis of this child.
Adolescent ; Humans ; Male ; China ; Computational Biology ; Genomics ; Genotype ; Mutation

Objective:To explore the risk factors of early enteral nutrition intolerance in extremely severe burn patients.Methods:A retrospective case-control study was performed. From January 2018 to December 2020, seventy-six adult patients with extremely severe burns who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to Hwa Mei Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, including 55 males and 21 females, aged (45±11) years with burns of 62% (52%, 82%) total body surface area. Depending on the patient's tolerance to early enteral nutrition, they were divided into tolerance group (47 patients) and intolerance group (29 patients), and their clinical data were statistically analyzed, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), underlying disease, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, abbreviated burn severity index (ABSI) score, implementation of mechanical ventilation on the day of admission, stable shock state, vomiting before feeding. The following data were recorded including the onset time, duration length, and frequency of enteral nutrition intolerance of patients in intolerance group, and the number of operations, the length of hospitalization, the occurrence of sepsis within 2 weeks after injury, the outcome, as well as the serum hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), albumin, fasting blood glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) on post burn day (PBD) 1, 5, 9, and 13 of patients in the two groups. Data were statistically analyzed with independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-square test to screen the related factors of early enteral nutrition intolerance of the patients. Binary univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the independent risk factors of early enteral nutrition intolerance of the patients. Results:There were no statistically significant differences in age, sex, BMI, and percentage of underlying disease of patients between the two groups ( P>0.05). The total burn area, full-thickness burn area, ABSI score, mechanical ventilation percentage on the day of admission, percentage of unstable shock period, percentage of vomiting before feeding of patients in intolerance group were significantly higher than those in tolerance group ( Z=-4.559, -3.378, -4.067, χ 2=18.375, 23.319, 8.339, P<0.01). In intolerance group, the onset time of intolerance was (9±4) d after injury, and the duration length was 4 (2, 6) d, with a total of 46 times occurred. Compared with tolerance group, the percentage of sepsis and mortality of patients in intolerance group were significantly higher within 2 weeks after injury ( χ 2=16.571, 12.665, P<0.01). The number of operation and length of hospitalization of patients in the two groups were similar ( P>0.05); however the length of hospitalization of patients in the intolerance group was significantly more than that in tolerance group after excluding the death cases ( Z=-2.266, P<0.05). On PBD 1, the level of fasting blood glucose and AST of patients in intolerance group were significantly higher than those in tolerance group ( t=3.070, Z=-3.070, P<0.01). On PBD 5, the levels of hs-CRP, albumin, fasting blood-glucose, ALT, AST, and γ-GT of patients in the two groups were similar ( P>0.05). On PBD 9, the level of hs-CRP of patients in intolerance group was significantly higher than that in tolerance group ( t=2.836, P<0.01), and the levels of ALT and γ-GT of patients in intolerance group were significantly lower than those in tolerance group ( Z=-3.932, -2.052, P<0.05 or P<0.01). On PBD 13, the level of hs-CRP of patients in intolerance group was significantly higher than that in tolerance group ( t=3.794, P<0.01), and the levels of fasting blood glucose, ALT, and γ-GT of patients in intolerance group were significantly lower than those in tolerance group ( t=-2.176, Z=-2.945, -2.250, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Binary univariate logistic regression analysis showed that total burn area, full-thickness burn area, ABSI score, implementation of mechanical ventilation on the day of admission, unstable shock period, vomiting before feeding, and fasting blood-glucose on PBD 1 of patients were related to early enteral nutrition intolerance (odds ratio=1.086, 1.052, 1.775, 9.167, 12.797, 10.125, 1.249, 95% confidence interval=1.045-1.129, 1.019-1.085, 1.320-2.387, 3.132-26.829, 4.199-39.000, 2.003-51.172, 1.066-1.464, P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the large total burn area, unstable shock period, vomiting before feeding, and high fasting blood-glucose on PBD 1 of patients were the independent risk factors of early enteral nutrition intolerance in patients (odds ratio=1.073, 6.390, 9.004, 1.246, 95% confidence interval=1.021-1.128, 1.527-26.734, 1.134-71.496, 1.007-1.540, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions:The percentage of early enteral nutrition intolerance is very high in extremely severe burn patients, which is closely related to poor prognosis. Large total burn area, vomiting before feeding, unstable shock phase, high fasting glucose on PBD 1 of patients are the independent risk factors for early enteral nutrition intolerance in extremely severe burn patients. The benefits and risks should be carefully evaluated before starting enteral nutrition in such patients, and early enteral nutrition should not be blindly pursued.

Objective:To explore the safety and efficacy of camrelizumab salvage therapy for extrahepatic recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma with PD-L1 negativity in transplanted liver tissue.Methods:From May 2020 to December 2020, retrospective analysis was performed for 3 cases of camrelizumab salvage therapy for extrahepatic recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma recipients with PD-L1 negative in transplanted liver tissue.Three recipients with extrahepatic recurrence progressed after first/second-line targeted drug therapy.Camrelizumab was given as salvage therapy after normal tissue of ransplanted liver was confirmed as negative for PD-L1 by immunohistochemistry.The safety and efficacy of treatment were observed by monitoring the changes in the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and bilirubin, the occurrence of complications and the outcome of treatment before and after dosing.Results:During a follow-up period of 1.5 to 15.5 months, no recipients showed acute rejection symptoms such as sharp elevations of transaminase and bilirubin.Headache ( n=1), vomiting ( n=1) and fatigue & hypertension ( n=1) became relieved after treatment.As of February 28, 2022, there were one survivor and two deaths.The fatal causes were tumor progression ( n=1) and thoracic aortic rupture due to esophageal perforation ( n=1). The survival time of recipients was (11-15.5) months and the progression-free survival time (4-6) months. Conclusions:For extrahepatic recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma with PD-L1-negative liver transplantation in normal liver tissue, camrelizumab salvage therapy can control tumor progression to a certain extent and prolong the survival time of recipients.