Objective To introduce the clinical manifestations of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) which hasn't been reported in China ever before and to discuss the possible causes and mechanisms of the disease. Methods Ten cases of RBD verifted by polysomnography(PSG)were analyzed retrospectively. Results All patients were senile or in middle ages and most of them were male.The main clinical features included violent movements,shouting and other abnormal behaviors occuring in dreams when they fell asleep.Four cases were diagnosed as Parkinsonism,2 as multiple system atrophy and 1 as cerebral trauma.The causes of another 3 cases were unknown.all symptoms of them were relieved by using clonazepam administered prior to sleep.The PSG of all cases showed a loss of normal muscular atonia and an appearance of EMG activities during REM sleep. Conclusions RBD should be considered when patients showed abnormal especially violent behaviors in sleep.PSG should be essential for its correct diagnosis and the differentiation from partial complex epilepsy.Clonazepam given prior to sleep should be effective for treatment.

The contractions induced by acetylcholine or Ca2 + after high-K+ depolarization in isolated guinea-pig taenia coli were markedly inhibited by rhynchophylline (Rhy). It caused rightward displacement of the dose-response curve for CaCl2 & significantly depressed the maximal response, showing a non-competitive antigonism. The pD'2 value of Rhy was 4.95?0.05. In Ca2+-free solution,Rhy similar to verapamil (Ver), inhibited acetylcholine-induced contraction of guinea-pig taenia coli, which is dependent on Ca2+ released from an intracellular store. After Ca2+ concentration in bath solution was restored, Ver did not influence the contraction of taenia coli depending on extracellular Ca2 + , However 40 ?mol/L Rhy could exhibit marked inhibitory action.

Objective:To establish an animal model of bone distraction in the irradiated dog mandible.Methods:1 0 Chinese dogs were used.8 dogs received a unilateral irradiation of 60 Co(Group R)in the mandible with a total dose of 22.8 Gy in four 5.7 Gy frac-tions (biologically equivalent to 50 Gy/25 fractions).The other 2 dogs without irradiation served as the controls(Group C).Bilateral corticotomy was made 3 months after completion of irradiation.After a 1 -week latency period,bone distraction was activated at a rate of 0.5 mm twice daily for 1 0 days,followed by a consolidation phase of 8 weeks.New bone was evaluated by radiographic,histological and single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT)analysis.Results:One dog was excluded from the study due to anaesthetic death in group R.After 8 weeks of consolidation,no difference was found between the percent area of new bone of both groups.New bone was more mature and organized in Group C than that in Group R.SPECT analyses showed that there was active osteogenic activity in Group R.Conclusion:Distraction osteogenesis can be achieved in the irradiated dog mandible.

Objective Endogenous cadiac stem cells become the famous star in the cardiac regeneration field in recent years.But the biological behavior of cardiac stem cells has not been fully explained clearly.This experiment intends to research the cardiac stem cell niche and its characteristics,as well as the succinct method for cardiac stem cells (Cardiospheres derived cells) culture in vitro.Methods Hearts from four 8-week-old SD rats were cut into pieces less than I mm3.Then,the small tissues were digested by trypsogen and collagenase in turn.And the undigested myocardium was collected and cultured in media until the de novo cells bespread the pertri-dish bottom.The 3rd generation of cardiac stem cells were harvested and prepared for immunofluorescence to detect the expression of related molecular markers,so as to identify the differentiation of these stem cells.Then,the cultural tissues were collected and embedded in paraffin,and the H-E staining,Masson staining,immunoflnorescence and TUNEL apoptosis assay were carried out.In addition,EdU was added into the medium and cuhured for 72 hours before the cultural tissues were harvested so as to label the proliferative cells.Results After 7 ～ 10 days in culture,some small,round and phase-bright cells aresed from the adherent plated tissue.These cells had the spontaneous differentiation potency in vitro culture.The immunofluorescence shows mitotic phase cells were c-kit positive,and most of passage cells were α-sarcomeric actin 、cardiac troponin T、flk-1 and vemintin positive while CD90 negative,but few of them were α-smooth muscle actin 、conexin-43 、CD31 and CD45 positive.There were lots of newborn cells grow exuberantly while accompanied apoptosis of myocardial cells in the paraffin section.The myocardial collagen remodels in the cultural myocardial tissues at the same time.The proliferative cells in the cultural tissues were EdU positive.Throe myocardium within the cultural tissues were MMP-2、MMP-9 and TGF-β1 positive,On the contrary,the proliferative cells were almost negative when stained with those antibodies.Conclusion Conclusions It's a convenient way to harvest cardiac stem cells by the use of myocarlial? tissues cultured in vitro.Those stem cells grow and proliferate in the cultural myocardial tissues accompanied with the degradation of extracellular matrix.Cardiospheres derived stem cells have the spontaneous differentiation potency when cultured in vito,and should be a promising? seed cells for stem cell therapy.

Objective To investigate the repair effect of low intensity ultrasound on radioactive mandibule bone to provide new idea for prevention of osteoradionecrosis of the mandibule after irradiation.Methods The animal models of radioactive mandibular injury were made and treated with low intensity ultrasound.Low intensity ultrasound treatment group ( Group Ⅱ ) and not with low intensity ultrasound treatment group (Group Ⅰ ) were observed by microvessel density detection,micro-CT,ponceau trichrome stain and so on,and compared with control group.Then,the obtained data were statistically analyzed.Results The animal models of radioactive mandibular injury were successfully established.The microvessel density in Group Ⅱ was greater than that in Group Ⅰ.The bone volume fraction,trabecular thickness,bone surface/bone volume and the trabecular number in Group Ⅱ were significantly larger than those in Group Ⅰ (P ＜ 0.05).The ponceau trichrome staining showed that the osteocytes largely disappeared and that the cancellous bone trabecular atrophied in Group Ⅰ,while new bone formation,trabecular and numerous osteoblasts around trabecular were largely observed in Group Ⅱ.Conclusion Low intensity ultrasound has a good recovery effect on bone tissue after irradiation.

Objective To study the influence of hydrogen sulfide (H2 S)on the mitochondrial function of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells of the rats with high pulmonary blood flow pulmonary hypertension, and to clarify the function and its mechanism in the occurrence of high pulmonary blood flow pulmonary hypertension.Methods A total of 27 rats were randomly divided sham operation group,operation group,and operation+sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS)group (n=9).The pulmonary hypertension rat model was built by left lung resection.After fed for 35 d, the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP),ratio of right ventricle/body weight (RV/BW),and ratio of right ventricle/(left ventricle+septum)[RV/(LV + S)]of the rats in three groups were measured.The plasma H2 S levels and the CSE activities in pulmonary artery tissue of the rats were detected;the activities of total mitochondrial ATP enzyme,superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)and malondialdehyde (MDA)levels were determined;the ultrastructure of pulmonary artery smooth muscle mitochondria was observed through transmission electron microscope.Results Compared with sham operation group,the plasma H2 S level and the CSE activity in pulmonary artery tissue of the rats in operation group were decreased(P<0.01);the mitochondrial membrane of pulmonary tissue was swelling, and the mitochondrial activity was decreased (P<0.01);the mitochondrial ATP enzyme,SOD and GSH-Px activities were significantly decreased,and the MDA level was significantly increased (P<0.01).Compared with operation group,the H2S level in plasma and the activity of CSE in pulmonary tissue of the rats in operation + NaHS group were increased (P<0.01 );the mitochondrial membrane swelling was reduced, and the vitality was restored;the ATP enzyme, GSH-Px, and SOD level in pulmonary tissue were significantly increased (P<0.01),and the MDA level was significantly reduced (P<0.01).Conclusion H2 S can enhance the activities of mitochondrial ATP enzyme,GSH-Px,and SOD,and decrease the mitochondrial lipid peroxidation level,thus it plays a protective effect on rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle.

Objective To preliminarily explore the role of serum procalcitonin (PCT) quantization in differntiating coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) blood stream infection and contamination derived from blood culture in children. Methods Clinical data of 83 cases of CNS derived from blood culture in People’s Hospital of Changning city, Hunan province between January, 2013 and December, 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. The cases were divided into blood stream infection group and contamination group. The basic demographic characteristics, origins of patients, C reactive protein, time to positivity of blood culture (TP), procalcitonin were compared between the two groups, and the diagnostic performance of PCT according to the ROC curve were analyzed. Results Age, gender, C reactive pretein and TP showed no difference between blood stream infection group (n=38) and contamination group (n=45)(P>0.05), while the proportion of contamination of patients from medical wards was higher than that from surgery wards (P<0.05). PCT was signiifcantly higher in blood stream infection group than that of contamination group (P<0.001). The diagnostic sensitivity, spectivity, accuracy of PCT in differentiating the two groups were 86.8%, 82.2%and 84.3%, respectively, at the best cutoff of 0.195 ng/ml. Conclusions PCT may be a good marker for differentiating CNS blood stream infection and contamination derived from blood culture in children, and may help clinicians make early and reasonable selection of antibiotics.

AIM: To investigate the intervention effect of astragaloside on adhesion of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and vascular endothelial cells and on expression of nuclear factor-?B (NF-?B) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (hUVECs) injured by hypoxia/reoxygenation due to ischemia/reperfusion. METHODS: The experiment was performed at the Cell Bioengineering Laboratory of Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University from September 2005 to May 2006. ①Neonatal umbilical cords were offered by Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, with informed consent of puerperant and their families. The experiment was accorded with ethical standard of Helsinki declaration. ②The hUVECs were cultured to the future passage. After the third passage, hUVECs were randomly divided into three groups. Cells in a control group were cultured under normal conditions; Cells in a hypoxia/reoxygenation group were cultured under in closed container with hypoxia for 1 hour, and then under normal conditions for 1 hour; The hUVECs in a astragaloside group were pretreatment by different doses of astragaloside (20, 40, 80 mg/L). After 12 hours, hUVECs suffered from hypoxia/reoxygenation. ③The concentration of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in supernatant were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and thiobarbituric acid method. Expression of NF-?B of hUVECs was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. PMN adhesion to hUVECs was measured by rose Bengal staining. RESULTS: ①Compared to the control group, the content of MDA remarkably increased in hypoxia/reoxygenation group (P

Objective To investigate the characteristics of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in pulmonary sclerosis pneumocytoma (PSP).Methods The clinical and PET/CT data of 16 patients with pathologically proved PSP were retrospectively analyzed.The location,shape,size,internal and external edge of the lesion,as well as the metabolism of the lesions were observed.The mean retention index (RI) was calculated in 6 patients with 18F-FDG PET/CT dual phase imaging.The difference of SUVmax between early and delayed phase were compared.And the correlation between the diameter of lesions and SUVmax were analyzed.Results There were 16 lesions in all 16 patients,including 7 cases located at right lung and 9 located at left lung.The lesions were round with the diameter of (1.97-4-0.61)cm.The uniform density were observed with the CT value of (29.87±4.71)HU.And there was no cystic degeneration and necrosis.Calcification was found in 5 lesions.The edge of 14 lesions was smooth,and the edge of another 2 lesions showed short spicular sign.Two lesions showed visible edges of ground glass opacity.There were 12 lesions with vascular welt sign and 3 lesions with air crescent sign.The SUVmax value of PSP was 2.71 ± 2.13.There was no significant difference between the early SUVmax (2.44±1.57) and delayed SUVmax (2.74±1.83) in patients with dual phase imaging (t=2.09,P＞0.05).RI was (7.23±10.29)％.There was no correlation between PSH diameter and SUVmax(r=0.188,P＞0.05).Conclusion Most of PSP showed solitary pulmonary nodules in PET/CT imaging.The radioactive distribution was mild and moderate increase.The vascular welt sign,air crescent sign and the surrounding ground glass opacity are the references findings of PSP.

Objective To investigate the correlation between interleukin 10(IL‐10) ,tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α) and serum CD4+ T‐lymphocytes cell in people who infected HIV .Methods The HIV antibody screening test ,IL‐10 and TNF‐αmeasurement adopted enzyme‐linked immune‐sorbent assay(ELISA) .The HIV antibody confirm test adopted western blot(WB) and CD4+ cell count determination used flow cytometry .Results Compared with the normal control group(NC group) ,the concentration of TNF‐αand IL‐10 in patients group have statistically significant difference(P<0 .05) .Moreover ,the extent of the increase in group A(pa‐tients with the CD4+ T cell count less than 3 .5 × 105 cells/mL) was higher than that in group B(patients with the CD4+ T cell count no less than 3 .5 × 105 cells/mL) .Conclusion Due to the defect of the immune system ,the serum concentration of TNF‐αand IL‐10 in people infected with HIV would increased ,and the increase of the concentration could be more significant in patients whose CD4+cell count obviously decrease .This study have shown that dynamic measurement of TNF‐α and IL‐10 concentration would provide data to konw the patients′immune status and illness development .