Objective To analyze the clinical prevalence,distributed characteristic of different ages,clinical characteristics and pathogenic factors of chronic abdominal pain in children.Methods A database in which outpa-tient and inpatient of abdominal pain during 2 -14 years old were collected from January 2011 to December 2015 was established by utilizing HIS system.A statistical analysis was made in age,sex,onset time,time of duration,mesenteric lymph node status and surgical situation.Results A total of 13 256 times abdominalgia were enrolled from January 2011 to December 2015.7 390 patients were diagnosed as unexplained abdominal pain,including 1 005 patients (13.59%)were diagnosed as chronic abdominal pain.A male -to -female ratio was 1.06:1.The average age was 6 years(ranged 2 -14 years).The average age of the boys was (6.02 ±2.87)years,which of the girls was (5.93 ± 2.79)years,there was no statistically significant difference between them(t =0.47,P =0.63).The peak age of chro-nic abdominal pain in children was mainly from 3 to 7 years old.The incidence decreased with age increased.The average time of duration was (16.70 ±11.69)months,that of the boys was (17.39 ±12.12)months,and that of the girls was (15.96 ±11.19)months,there was statistically significant difference between them(t =1.93,P =0.05). Mesenteric lymphadenectasis was detected in 731 patients(72.74%).The age constituent ratio decreased with age increased.The peak age of the prevalence coincided with peak age of the mesenteric lymphadenectasis.21 patients underwent surgical procedures,organic lesions accounted for 2.08%.Conclusion The peak age of the prevalence of chronic abdominal pain in children is mainly from 3 to 7 years old.Potential organic causes are rarely linked to chronic abdominal pain in children.Most of them are functional abdominal pain.The appendix and mesenteric lymphadenecta-sis might play an important role in children with chronic abdominal pain.The therapeutic aim of CAP in children is to make the children back to their normal life by exclude the organic causes and relieve their pain.The natural history of chronic abdominal pain suggests that symptoms remit spontaneously with increasing age.

Objective To examine the expression of CGRP in congenital pseudarthrosis of tibia(CPT) in order to find the pathogenesis of CPT.Methods Periosteum and bones from CPT patients were collected as experimental group.Immunohistochemistry stain was applied to determine the differences of the expression of CGRP in two groups.Results CGRP was located at vessel wall of periosteum and intracytoplasm of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bones,its expression was significantly less in periosteum and bones of CPT than that in control group(P

Purpose To evaluate the application of fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH) in detection of EWSR1 gene translocation in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples of Ewing family tumor ( EFT) . Methods Four cases of EFT were collected and their clinical pathological features were obsered. Interphase FISH was carried out in paraffin-embedded tissue of EFT cases, using a EWSR1 dual colar break-apart probe. Fifteen cases of other soft tissue tumor were selected as negative control. Results Translocation of EWSR1 was detected in four EFT cases, which may be a adjuvantly diagnositic value for the diagnosis of atypical cases. Conclu-sions FISH may serve as an adjunctive diagnostic tool in problematic cases of EFT, however, FISH results should be interpreted con-cerning clinical pathological features, morphological patterns and immunohistological results.

A 21-year-old male was hospitalized for recurrent swelling of lower limbs (lymphedema) for 1 year and worsening of it for 1 week.Physical examination revealed several smooth,firm enlarged lymph nodes of the neck,groin without apparent tenderness measuring about 1 cm in diameter.Cardiac and pulmonary auscultation showed no obvious abnormality.The abdomen was soft on palpation without tenderness or rebound tenderness.Skin examination revealed swelling of both lower limbs,especially the left lower limb,as well as scattered irregularly sized,dark erythematous patches with a wood-like consistency on the swollen lower limbs,with high temperature but no tenderness.Elevated peripheral eosinophil count was observed before and after admission,with the eosinophil percentage higher than 70％.Vascular ultrasonography showed thrombosis in the right anterior tibial artery,left dorsal artery of foot and lower portion of the left great saphenous vein.Multiple enlarged lymph nodes were found by computed tomography in the mediastinal,bilateral axillary,retroperitoneal regions and around the abdominal aorta.Lymph node and bone marrow biopsies showed eosinophilia.Histopathology of lesions on the extensor aspect of the left medial thigh and left lateral malleolus showed massive eosinophilic infiltration and lymphatic dilation in the dermis,as well as eosinophil emboli in some lumens.The FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion gene was undetected.A diagnosis of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome was finally made.The symptoms rapidly regressed after glucocorticoid treatment.

Hemangiopericytoma ; pathology ; Humans ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Animals ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Early Growth Response Protein 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Estradiol ; physiology ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-3 ; metabolism ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; physiology ; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Iron ; metabolism ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

Objective To study the function of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in type 2 diabetes model rats and its effect on focal cerebral ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in these rats. Methods Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 6 hours in type 2 diabetes rats and normal control rats.Blood vessels morphology was examined by ink perfusion,infarct size was measured by TTC and expression of VEGF and CD34 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining. Results Ink perfusion revealed increased number of small vessels in type 2 diabetes rats. Infarct size was significantly smaller in type 2 diabetes rats ( ( 80. 07 ± 11.21 ) mm3 ) than that in normal controls ((98. 91 ± 14. 86) mm3,t = 2.48,P = 0. 0326). There were more hemorrhage lesions in the ischemic hemisphere in type 2 diabetes rats when comparing with the controls. VEGF and CD34 showed significantly higher expression in type 2 diabetes rats than in normal controls. Conclusions High expression of VEGF and CD34 are found in type 2 diabetes rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion. There is cerebrolvascular remodeling in diabetes rats. While this diabetes-induced remodeling appears to prevent infarct expansion,the changes also increase the risk of hemorrhagic transformation. The latter may result in poor prognosis.

Female ; Glioma ; pathology ; Humans ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; pathology ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; pathology ; Peritoneal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Teratoma ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of treadmill running exercise of different intensity on early repair of full-thickness defects on the patellofemoral articular surface and the changes in the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in SD rats.

METHODSTwenty-four male SD rats with full-thickness defects on the patellofemoral articular surface were randomly assigned into sedentary control (SED) group and low-, moderate- and high-intensity running groups (LIR, MIR, and HIR groups, respectively). The running groups were trained on treadmill for 6 consecutive weeks. Blood samples were collected to detect serum MMP-3 and TIMP-1 levels using ELISA before and after the experiment, and the femoral trochlea were collected to assess tissue repair by gross appearance scoring and O Driscoll histological scoring with Safranine O-Fast Green staining and Toluidine blue staining.

RESULTSIn rats in SED group, the defect was filled with hyaline articular cartilage-like tissues, as compared to fibrous tissues in LIR and MIR groups and subchondral bone damage in HIR group. The SED group scored the highest and HIR group the lowest among the 4 groups in gross appearance scoring and O Driscoll histological scoring. No significant differences were found in MMP-3 or TIMP-1 levels among the groups before training (P>0.05), but after 6 weeks of training, serum MMP-3 and TIMP-1 levels differed significantly among the 4 groups (P<0.05), and all the 3 running groups had a significantly higher MMP-3 level than the control group (P<0.05). After the 6-week training, TIMP-1/MMP-3 ratio was significantly higher in SED group than in the 3 running groups, and was the lowest in HIR group.

CONCLUSIONBoth low- and moderate-intensity exercise failed to promote resurfacing of full-thickness cartilage defects on the patellofemoral articular surface in rats, and high-intensity exercise even induces subchondral bone damage. The expression of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 is related to exercise, and the TIMP-1/MMP-3 ratio reflects the extent of tissue repair.

Animals ; Cartilage, Articular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 ; metabolism ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; metabolism ; Wound Healing

Objective: To investigate the relationship between PD-L1 expression and the clinicopathologic features and prognosis in triple-negative breast carcinomas (TNBC). Methods: All 142 cases of TNBC were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from February 2011 to December 2014, and the surgical excision or biopsy specimens from patients without chemotherapy and radiotherapy were included. Histopathologic analysis of stromal tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (sTIL) was performed on HE sections, and PD-L1 immunohistochemical staining was done with MaxVision. Results: The PD-L1 expression rate was 34.5% (49/142) in tumor cells, and was 62.0% (88/142) in sTIL. The PD-L1 expression in tumor cells was positively correlated with tumor size (r=0.181, P=0.031), Ki-67 index (r=0.211, P=0.012), sTIL (r=0.380, P<0.01) and PD-L1 expression in sTIL (r=0.447, P<0.01). The PD-L1 expression in sTIL was positively correlated with tumor grade (r=0.215, P=0.01), Ki-67 index (r=0.253, P=0.002) and sTIL (r=0.370, P<0.01). The high stromal CD8⁺ /FOXP3⁺ ratio was significantly associated with improved overall survival (χ²=4.186, P=0.041). The high percentage of sTIL was significantly associated with improved overall survival (χ²=12.427, P<0.01) and progression-free survival (χ²=4.057, P=0.044). Conclusions In TNBC, PD-L1 expression is positively correlated with Ki-67 and sTIL; the stromal CD8⁺ /FOXP3⁺ ratio and sTIL are significantly associated with prognosis. The PD-L1 expression, stromal CD8⁺ /FOXP3⁺ ratio and sTIL are biologically important in TNBC, and all these correlative factors are important potential parameters in assessing immunotherapy for TNBC.