Micrometastasis is small metastasis at the cellular and molecular level. Early detection of micrometasis through tumor markers can improve the accuracy of TNM staging, prognosis and subsequently treatment for lung cancer patients. Currently, a number of markers with good specificity and sensitivity have been found, including CK19 mRNA, Lunx mRNA, MUC1 mRNA and GPRP mRNA. These markers can be detected using methods such as RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot.

Purpose:To evaluate the efficacy of treating malignant pleural effusion with S 311 anticancer vaccine by intrapleural injection.Methods:62 cases with malignant pleural effusion,after drainage, S 311 anticancer vaccine 0.16 mg was injected into the pleural cavity in therapy group (T),and cisplatine 40 mg/m 2 in control group (C).The treatment was repeated after a week , then the efficacy, quality of life, survival rate and toxicities was evaluated.Results:The response rate was 90.6% in T group and 60.0% in C group. There was statistical difference between the two groups ( P

Objective To investigate the distribution of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of-251 (rs4073) in cytokine interleukin 8 gene promoter region and +781 (rs2227306) in the first intron in Nantong area population, to explore the correlation between the genotypes of these sites and the risk of suffering hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to analyze the interaction between the genotypes and different exposure factors inducing the occurrence of HCC. Methods By using case-control study and restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) technique, the genotypes of IL-8 gene-251 site and+781 site were classified. Results (1) In individuals with-251 heterozygous mutation genotype AT the risk of developing HCC increased (OR=1.99, 95%CI: 1.01-3.85), and in individuals with +781 mutation genotype CT and TT the risk of developing HCC increased (+781 CT genotype, OR=1.78, 95%CI:1.03-3.1; +781 TT genotype, OR=1.36, 95%CI: 1.01-2.62). (2) In individuals with -251 and +781 AT-CT, TT-CT, AT-CC combined genotypes the risk of developing HCC increased (AT-CT combined genotype, OR=2.10,95%CI:1.52-2.9;TT-CT combined genotype, OR=3.33, 95%CI: 1.01-10.50; AT-CC combined genotype, OR=3.67, 95%CI:2.28-5.90). (3)SNP of-251 had positive interactions with drinking, HBV infection and family history of HCC in the occurrence of HCC, while negative interactions existed between SNP of this site and exposure factors, including age, gender and smoking, in the occurrence of HCC. SNP of +781 had positive interactions with drinking and family history of HCC in the occurrence of HCC, while negative interactions existed between SNP of this site and exposure factors, including age, sex, smoking and HBV infection, in the occurrence of HCC. Conclusion Definite correlation exists between SNP of -251,+781 sites in interleukin 8 gene and the risk of the occurrence of HCC in Nantong area population;and there are interactive effects between SNP of -251, +781 sites in interleukin 8 gene and several exposure factors.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with beta-ultrasound guided portal vein embolization (PVE) through fine-needle liver puncture for hepatocellular carcinoma.

METHODS209 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma were divided into TACE group (104 patients) and TACE + PVE group (105 patients).

RESULTSThe response rates (CR + PR) were 37.5% in TACE group and 57.2% in TACE + PVE group (P < 0.01). Tumor thrombi became lessened or resolved in the portal vein with incidences of 22.2% in TACE group and 68.8% in TACE + PVE group (P < 0.01). The 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates were 65.1%, 36.3% and 20.5% in TACE group and 95.6%, 59.6% and 39.1% in TACE + PVE group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe effect of TACE combined with PVE is much more effective than TACE alone for hepatocellular carcinoma. Beta-ultrasound guided portal vein embolization through fine-needle liver puncture is effective, easy, safe and should be widely practiced.

Adult ; Aged ; Arteries ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Catheterization ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; adverse effects ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Portal Vein ; Treatment Outcome ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of FoxM1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( ESCC) cell lines and tissues.Methods Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of FoxM1in human esophageal epithelial cells and esophageal squamous cell cancer cell lines TE1, TE10, TE11 and Eca109 cells.To determine whether down-regulation of FoxM1 expression could inhibit the aggressive phenotype of ESCC cells, we knocked down the expression of FoxM1 by using FoxM1-shRNA in TE1 cells.Then we detected the cell proliferation, migration and invasion of TE1 cells by MTT assay, scratch assay and transwell assay.Furthermore, the effect of FoxM1 knockdown on tumorigenicity in nude mice was evaluated.Finally, immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of FoxM1 in 99 cases of ESCC tissues and adjacent normal esophageal tissues.χ2 test was used to analyze the correlations between the expression of FoxM1 and clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of ESCC patients.Results Western blot data showed that FoxM1 expression was lower in normal esophageal epithelial cells and highly expressed in four esophageal cancer cell lines, especially in TE1 cells.Knockdown of FoxM1 inhibited the growth, invasion and migration of TE1 cells and reduced their tumorigenicity in nude mice.The positive expression rate of FoxM1 in ESCC was 61.6%(61/99), significantly higher than that in the paired adjacent normal tissues (24.2%, 24/99) (P<0.05).The positive expression rate of FoxM1 in ESCC tissues was 61.6%( 61/99 ) , significantly higher than that in the paired adjacent normal tissues ( 24.2%, 24/99) ( P<0.05) .FoxM1 expression was significantly and positively correlated with lymph node metastasis, clinical stage and invasive depth ( P<0.05).The median survival time was 42.3 months in 38 cases of patients with negative FoxM1 expression, and 33.0 months in 61 cases of positive FoxM1 expression, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.036).Conclusions FoxM1 is highly expressed in ESCC, and significantly correlated with the initiation, development and prognosis of esophageal cancer. FOXM1 might be an indicator to predict the prognosis and serve as a potential target for therapy in esophageal cancer.

Objective:To investigate the application of case-based learning (CBL) combined with evidence-based learning (EBL) teaching in clinical teaching of oncology.Methods:Totally 57 resident doctors were divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group received CBL and EBL teaching, and the control one received lecture-based learning (LBL) teaching. The teaching effect was evaluated by examination and questionnaire, and the data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0.Results:The examination scores of the experimental group and the control group were (85.393±7.213) and (81.276±8.035), and the ones of case analysis were (34.393±2.485) and (32.379±3.005) respectively. Meanwhile, questionnaire survey showed that the evaluations of experimental group were significantly better than those of the control one in promoting learning interest and initiative, retrieval ability, self-learning ability, clinical thinking and learning efficiency ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The teaching effect of integration of CBL and EBL is better than LBL.

Objective We studied the EHD2 expression level in NSCLC and its association with clinicopathological features and prognosis.Methods The EHD2 expression level in NSCLC was measured by Western blot in 4 pairs fresh tissues and immunohistochemistry on 91 parffin-embedded slices.These experiments were used to explore the relationship of EHD2 and Ki-67 in the clinical parameters,as well as the relationship with EHD2 and prognosis.Results Western blot showed EHD2 expression level was low in 4 pairs NSCLC tissues.The results by immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of EHD2 was higher in well-differentiated NSCLC tissues than that in poor-differentiated tissues,which was opposite to the Ki-67 expression.Statistical methods revealed that EHD2 protein in NSCLC was significantly correlated with histological grade,pTNM staging,tumor size,lymph node metastasis as well as Ki-67.Low EHD2 expression was correlated with poor prognosis.Conclusions The abnormal expression of EHD2 might be closely related to the initiation and progress of NSCLC.EHD2 might be an indicator of the prognosis of NSCLC,which could be a potential target for NSCLC therapy.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of FoxM1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( ESCC) cell lines and tissues.Methods Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of FoxM1in human esophageal epithelial cells and esophageal squamous cell cancer cell lines TE1, TE10, TE11 and Eca109 cells.To determine whether down-regulation of FoxM1 expression could inhibit the aggressive phenotype of ESCC cells, we knocked down the expression of FoxM1 by using FoxM1-shRNA in TE1 cells.Then we detected the cell proliferation, migration and invasion of TE1 cells by MTT assay, scratch assay and transwell assay.Furthermore, the effect of FoxM1 knockdown on tumorigenicity in nude mice was evaluated.Finally, immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of FoxM1 in 99 cases of ESCC tissues and adjacent normal esophageal tissues.χ2 test was used to analyze the correlations between the expression of FoxM1 and clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of ESCC patients.Results Western blot data showed that FoxM1 expression was lower in normal esophageal epithelial cells and highly expressed in four esophageal cancer cell lines, especially in TE1 cells.Knockdown of FoxM1 inhibited the growth, invasion and migration of TE1 cells and reduced their tumorigenicity in nude mice.The positive expression rate of FoxM1 in ESCC was 61.6%(61/99), significantly higher than that in the paired adjacent normal tissues (24.2%, 24/99) (P<0.05).The positive expression rate of FoxM1 in ESCC tissues was 61.6%( 61/99 ) , significantly higher than that in the paired adjacent normal tissues ( 24.2%, 24/99) ( P<0.05) .FoxM1 expression was significantly and positively correlated with lymph node metastasis, clinical stage and invasive depth ( P<0.05).The median survival time was 42.3 months in 38 cases of patients with negative FoxM1 expression, and 33.0 months in 61 cases of positive FoxM1 expression, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.036).Conclusions FoxM1 is highly expressed in ESCC, and significantly correlated with the initiation, development and prognosis of esophageal cancer. FOXM1 might be an indicator to predict the prognosis and serve as a potential target for therapy in esophageal cancer.

Objective To explore the effects of high phosphate and low calcium on the secretion function and cell proliferation in normal rat parathyroid tissues.Methods The rat parathyroid tissues resected by surgical operation under dissection microscope were incubated in vitro for 5 days and were treated with high phosphate or low calcium medium on the second day and the third day after incubation.The cell apoptosis at different time points was measured by flow cytometry.The levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) in the supernatant at different time points were detected by ELISA.The mRNA levels of prepro-PTH and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were measured by real-time PCR,while the protein levels of PCNA after the 24-hour treatment with high phosphate or low calcium medium were measured by Western blotting.Results Flow cytometric analysis showed that the percentage of normal living cells on the first day and the second day after incubation was significantly higher than that on the third day to the fifth day after incubation in the rat parathyroid tissues (all P ＜ 0.05),and there was no statistical difference among that on the third day to the fifth day after incubation.There was no significant difference in cell survival rates on the first day to the fifth day after incubation (all ＞ 85％) under normal or high phosphate medium.There was no significant difference in the daily iPTH level on the first day to the fifth day after incubation under normal medium.Compared with normal medium,the iPTH level in the supernatant under high phosphate medium increased (P ＜ 0.05),and the expressions of preproPTH mRNA and PCNA in parathyroid tissues were significantly up-regulated (both P ＜ 0.05) after the 24-hour treatment with high phosphate medium.Compared with normal medium,the iPTH level in the supernatant under low calcium medium increased (P ＜ 0.05),and the expression of preproPTH mRNA in parathyroid tissues was significantly up-regulated after the 24-hour treatment with low calcium medium (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions It is feasible to incubate the parathyroid issues from rats in vitro,and the best incubation time should be within 2 days.Low calcium and high phosphate stimulation could increase the synthesis and secretion of PTH,while high phosphate can also promote the cell proliferation,which is an important factor for the regulation of parathyroid function in physiological state.

Objective:To investigate the impact of programmed death receptor-1(PD-1)and its ligand(PD-L1)on the differentiation of decidual macrophages(DMs)and embryonic development.Methods:20 patients with re-current spontaneous abortion(RSA group)and 20 patients with normal pregnancy induced artificial abortion(NP group)were selected from Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital between March 2021 and January 2024.Villous and decidual tissues were obtained from both groups.Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reac-tion(qPCR)and Western blot techniques were used to detect the expression of PD-L1 mRNA and protein in vil-lous tissues.Flow cytometry was used to analyze the types of DMs and their PD-1 expression.Human monocytic leukemia cells(THP-1)were differentiated under different conditions,with a control group and a PD-1 blocked group established,and different reagents were added into those two groups to induce differentiation,then the pro-portion of DMs types was measured in both groups.Results:PD-L1 protein and mRNA were expressed in the vil-lous tissue of both groups of patients but the expression of PD-L1 protein and mRNA was reduced in the RSA group compared to the NP group(P<0.05).The decidual tissues of both groups contained M1 and M2 macro-phages.Compared with the NP group,the ratio of M2 to M1 DMs in the RSA group was lower(P<0.05),indica-ting a polarization towards the M1 type in DMs.There was no statistically significant difference in PD-1 expression between the two groups(P>0.05).Human THP-1 cells can be stimulated to differentiate into M1 and M2 macro-phages.Afterblocking PD-1,theratioof M2 to M1 macrophages decreased(P<0.05),indicating a polarization towards the M1 type in macrophages.Conclusions:In patients with RSA,the expression of PD-L1 in villous tis-sues is decreased,and DMs polarize towards the M1 type.Blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway can further promote the polarization of macrophages towards the M1 type.The influence of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway on macrophage po-larization may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of RSA.