Osteotendinous junction (OTJ) is the main structure of tendinopathy. Cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2 (COX-2/PGE2) and phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt is active under the stress, and expresses in OTJ. This article summarized the role of these two signaling pathways in OTJ.

In this paper, the role and significance of adaptive sports on rehabilitation education of special children were redefined, and the concept and modules of adaptive sports course were introduced, in order to provide a theoretical reference for adaptive sports course of the special school under the theory of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth.

Objective To investigate nursing of patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) complicated by abdominal fistula. Methods Three patients with CAPD complicated by abdomial fistula who were treated in the nephrology department from January 2013 to September 2014 were nursed, including disease observation, chest drainage, measurable CAPD and health education. Result Two patients eventually turned to hemodialysis and 1 cases took pleural elemene injection 20 mL +lidocaine 5 mL, suspended peritoneal dialysis for 4 weeks to continue to receive the peritoneal dialysis treatment. Conclusions Abdominal fistula can be detected early based on clinical manifestations. Doctors and nurses in coordination, early treatment can reduce the pain of patients and the occurrence of complications.

China is one of the countries with most serious natural disasters lose all over the world.Natural disasters are a public emergency.Human society can't avoid the natural disasters today,so the global target of a struggle is to reduce the loss of natural disasters.The natural disasters loss will be reduced to a minimum,once the system is established of medical rescue and emergency management by the government.

Based on International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Healthy (ICF), this paper discussed the education of exercise rehabilitation in the terms of the goal, knowledge system and practice system. It suggested that the framework of ICF could be used to develop course system. The professional undergraduate education of exercise rehabilitation should include knowledge of rehabilitation medicine, sports science, and skills in modern rehabilitation.

This paper analyzed the functioning and characteristic of body function, body structure, activities and participation and environments based on the theories and methods of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). It was concluded that environment was the main reason of the development of obesity, body structure was an objective indicator of determine of obesity and also the degree of obesity's intervention, physical function changes reflected the hazards and their severity, and activity and participation was an out performance of obesity's difficulties or obstacles. Based on these conclusions, several corresponding sports rehabilitation strategies were proposed.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease among elders and athletes. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are molecules of stress sensitivity which play a significant role in the occurrence and development of OA. MAPKs are closely related with chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage degradation. This paper reviewed the related studies between OA and MAPKs.

BACKGROUND: Patellar tendinopathy is tiny damage at tendon insertion. Changes in the strength balance between vastus medialis and vastus lateralis in the quadriceps may lead to patellar abnormal motion, even an impact to the tendon insertion. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the mechanism and influence of patellar tendinopathy on the knee joint and surrounding muscles motion. METHODS: Ten male athletes with patellar tendinopathy and ten male athletes with matched sports item, body height and age were selected, and the knee-joint strength and surface electromyography were tested using CON-TREX Isokinetic Measurement System. The change of knee-joint flexor peak torque, extensor peak torque and surface electromyography of the quadriceps were compared with and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Result showed during isometric exercise, extensor peak torque of the patellar tendinopathy group was significantly lower than the control group, and ratio of flexor peak torque to extensor peak torque was significantly higher than the control group; during isokinetic exercise, extensor peak torque of the patellar tendinopathy group was significant smaller than that of the control group, and notably changed with the increasing motion angular velocity; during isometric exercise and isokinetic exercise, the ratios of vastus medialis/vastus lateralis of the patellar tendinopathy group were lower than that of the control group. There were significant differences between knee-joint flexor and extensor of patellar tendinopathy athlete. The activity of vastus lateralis is low and vastus medialis and vastus lateralis are not in balance.

Objective　To study the clinic, neuro-electrophysiology and molecular biology of Machado-Joseph disease (MJD).Methods　Family visiting, physical examination and the blood samples were analysed on molecular biology in 44 members of a family with MJD.The cases of inpatients were examined on cerebrospinal fluid and neuro-electrophysiology.Results　10 patients of the family attacked,which were consisted with autosomal dominant inheritance type. Age of the onset was 8～38 years old. The clinical characteristic was progressive severe spinocerebellar of ataxia,faciolingual myokymia,bulging eyes.Change of denervated muscle was revealed by neuro-etectrophysiological examination. Light atrophy was observed in cerebellar,brain stem, spinal cord.The genetic defect of MJD was located the long arm of chromosome 14 between D14S280 and D14S81, their distance was 3.0 cm.All tested patients had their CAG repeated expansion from 72 to 84 in the MJD gene.Conclusion　MJD is a neuro-degenerative disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance. The disease was clinically characterized by progressive severe spinocerebellar ataxia, no obvious changes of cerebrospinal fluid,neuro-electrophysiology, CT and MRI.The genetic defect of MJD was located the long arm of chromosome 14.The number of CAG repeated expansion mutation was associated with the age of the onset.

BACKGROUND:Patellar tendinopathy is tiny damage at tendon insertion.Changes in the strength balance between medial vastus muscle(VM)and musculus vastus lateralis(VL)in the quadriceps may lead to patellar abnormal motion,even have an impact on the tendon insertion.OBJECTIVE:To compare and analyze knee mechanical charactedstics and surface electromyography of the quaddceps in athletes with patellar tendinopathy.in order to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of patellar tendinopathy.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Self-control experiment was performed in Central Laboratory of Physical Education College of Soochow University from June to July 2009.METHODS:A total of 10 athletes with patellar tendinopathy aged(21.44±1.51)yeam were selected as patellar tendinopathy group and 10 normal athletes aged(21.37±1.36)years were selected as normal control.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Knee flexor and extensor muscles peak torque in concentric and eccentric isokinetic exercise between two groups.②Comparison of quadnceps integrated electromyogram(IEMG)between two groups.③Comparison of VM/VL in different kinds of exercises between groups.RESULTS:The ratio of flexor and extensor peak torques of the patellar tendinopathy group was significantly greater than the normal group in concentric and eccentric isokinetic exercises(P＜0.05 or 0.01).VM IEMG of the patellar tendinopathy was significantly less than normal group(P＜0.05 or 0.01),but no difference was found in VL and rectus femoris IEMG between two groups.During the period of isometric exercise and isokinetic exercise,the ratios of VM/VL of the patellar tendinopathy group were remarkably lower than the normal group (P＜0.05 or 0.01).CONCLUSION:There are significant differences between flexor and extensor torques in patellar tendinopathy athletes.VM is under-activity and there is an imbalance between VM and VL.