OBJECTIVE:To explore the reasons,occurrence mechanisms,as well as prevention methods for complications following cerebrovascular stent implantation.METHODS:A computer-based online search was performed by the first author.The databases of Medline and CNKI were searched with year's limitation of 1989-2009.According to the inclusive and exclusive criteria,the documents were screened,collected and evaluated from the following aspects:treating progress of cerebrovascular stent implantation;category and biocompatibility of cerebrovascular stent;as well as occurrence and prevention methods for complication following cerebrovascular stent implantation.RESULTS:A series of complications,such as carotid sinus response,hyper-perfusion syndrome,cerebral anglo spasm,bleeding at puncture locus,thrombosis,restenosis,as well as cerebral ischemia,would occur following cerebrovascular stent implantation.The complications were difficult to eliminate,but should be avoided by selecting correct implanting cases,elevating operator's proficiency,enhancing understanding of complications,obeying perioperative management,as well as correctly and in-time treatment.Polymer stent,coating stent,and drug eluting stent presented superior biocompatibility to metal stent,which could prevent restenosis following implantation.CONCLUSION:Cerebrovascular stent implantation is one of the main treatments for cerebrovascular disease.Polymer stent,coating stent,and drug eluting stent exhibit excellent biocompatibility.The complications associate to stent implantation are preventable and remediable via sufficient preoperatively preparation,exactly operation and perioperative management.

Objective To evaluate total gastrectomy and regular lymph node dissection for the treatment of advanced cardiac cancer. Methods Three hundred and eighty-seven patients with advanced cardiac cancer underwent total gastrectomy D2+ procedure. The relationships between depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis,the number of metastastic lymph nodes dissected and postoperative survival rate were analyzed. Results The 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 47.3% and 34.2% , respectively. Metastatic rate of N3 lymph node was 4. 8% and 15. 2% in advanced cardiac patients of PT3 and PT4, respectively. Survival rates significantly decreased along with the increase of lymph node metastasis. The 3-year and 5-year survival of patients who had less than 15 lymph nodes dissected was significantly poorer than those who had more than 15 lymph nodes dissected, respectively. The postoperative complication rate and mortality rate of the two groups were 14. 2% and 2. 52% , respectively. Conclution To improve the quality of life and survival rate, D2 + radical total gastrectomy should be performed for advanced cardiac cancer, and when indicated resection of spleen and/or body and tail of the pancreas should be performed.

Objective:To investigate the prognosis of cT3 and the subgroups of low rectal cancer patients who underwent neoadju-vant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and evaluate whether all patients with cT3 low rectal cancer should undergo CRT. Methods:A total of 223 patients with cT3 low rectal cancer treated in the Department of Colorectal Surgery of Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from January 2008 to December 2012 were divided into neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy group (CRT group) (115 cases) and no neoad-juvant chemoradiotherapy group (nCRT group) (108 cases) according to whether the patients underwent CRT. Afterward, the patients were retrospectively divided into three subgroups (mrT3a, mrT3b, and mrT3c) according to the proposed criteria of the Radiologic Soci-ety of North America (RSNA) by measuring the depth of mesorectal invasion (DMI) (DMI<5, DMI=5-10, and DMI>10 mm). The prog-noses of the two groups and their subgroups were compared. Results:The CRT and nCRT groups revealed no significant differences in the 3-year disease-free survival rate and the local recurrence rate for all the mrT3 patients (78.2%vs. 71.9%, P=0.608;4.4%vs. 8.5%, P=0.120) and mrT3a patients (82.4%vs. 81.8%, P=0.837;5.8%vs. 5.9%, P=0.658). On the contrary, for the mrT3b patients, the CRT and nCRT groups revealed significant differences in the 3-year disease-free survival rate (84.4%vs. 42.4%, P=0.032) and local recurrence rate (0.0%vs. 18.2%, P=0.014). For the mrT3b,c patients, the CRT and nCRT groups revealed no significant difference in the 3-year dis-ease-free survival rate (72.8%vs. 42.4%, P=0.060) but revealed a significant difference in the local recurrence rate (2.4%vs. 18.2%, P=0.021). COX regression analysis was utilized for 3-year disease-free survival, DMI and circumferential resection margin (CRM) were significant in the univariate analysis. Additionally, the multivariate analysis indicated that CRM is an independent impact factor (OR=2.249, CI 1.067-4.742, P=0.033). Conclusion:CRT can improve the prognosis of patients with mrT3b,c low rectal cancer but may not significantly influence the prognosis of patients with mrT3a and CRM-negative low rectal cancer;surgical treatment can be performed in these patients without CRT.

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of different surgical approaches on SiewertⅡ (esophageal invasion ≤3 cm) adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction.MethodsThis retrospective study included 251 cases of Siewert Ⅱ adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction undergoing D2 or D2 + total gastrectomy by transabdominal approach ( TA group, 128 cases) or left thoracoabdominal approach ( LTA group, 123 cases).Operation time,blood loss, extent of esophageal resection, number of lymph nodes dissected,morbidity, mortality and the survival rate were a analyzed between the two groups.ResultsThe 3,5-year overall survival rates were 62. 5％, 39.0％ ( TA group) and 54. 9％, 31.9％ ( LTA group),respectively (P ＞ 0. 05). Length of esophageal resection in the LTA group were slightly longer than that in the TA group (5. 6 ± 1.1) cm vs. (5.4 ± 1.1 ) cm (P ＜0. 05), the positive surgical margin between two groups were not statistically different[1.6％ ( LTA group) vs. 3. 1％ ( TA group), ( P ＞ 0. 05 )]. The mean number of removed lymph node were not significantly different between two groups[23.4 ± 8.7 ( TA group) vs. 23.7 ± 8.4 ( LTA group)], ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). The operation time (227 ± 24) min, blood loss (270 ± 78)ml, and perioperative morbidity( 13.3％ ) and mortality( 1.6％ ) in TA group was significantly better than the LTA group[(261 ±32) min, (342 ±59)ml, 26.8％, 6.5％](P＜0.05).ConclusionsFor Siewert Ⅱ adenocarcinoma at esophagogastric junction (esophageal invasion ≤3 cm) ,total gastrectomy with D2 or D2 + lymph node dissection through the transabdominal approach could achieve curative purposes, with a low morbidity and mortality rate.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of multiple-injuries of bone and joint in the belief that a better knowledge of such injuries may help their prevention and treatment. Methods A retrospective study was done on the data of 346 patients with multiple-injuries of bone and joint who had been ad- mitted to our department from January 2001 to December 2004. On the basis of CAI's classification, the following data were statistically analyzed: gender, age, cause of injury, injured part, number of injured parts, associated injuries and mortality. Results Of the 346 injured patients, there were 278 males and 68 females, with an av- erage age of 32.8 years (9months to 89 years). Two hundred and twenty-six cases resulted from traffic accidents, 65 from crush by a heavy object, and 52 from falling. There were 159 fractures of shaft of tibia and fibula, 96 fractures of femoral shaft, 87 fractures of shaft of ulna and radius, 58 fractures of ankle and foot, 57 chest injuries, 50 knee injuries, 50 hip injuries, 49 injuries at the pelvis region, 46 wrist and hand injuries, 36 injuries of shoulder, 36 skull fractures, 33 fractures of humeral shaft, 23 spinal fractures, and 17 elbow injuries. Two hundred and forty-two patients had two parts injured, 83 had three parts, 20 had four parts, and one had six parts. The average number of injured parts was 2.3. Two hundred and five patients suffered from close injuries, and 141 from open ones. The associated injuries included skull and brain injury in 51 cases, chest injury in 23, abdomen injury in five, urine system injury in three, nerve and vessel injury in 21, shock in 78, and fat embolism in six. Five patients died. Conclusions Male young people tend to be the majority of victims of multiple-injuries of bone and joint. Traffic accidents result in most of such injuries. Since multiple-injuries mostly involve lower limbs, they are easy to diagnose while the associated close injuries involving brain, chest, abdomen and pelvic are likely to be overlooked or misdiagnosed. Strengthening safety education and technical training of first aid is important to im- provement of treatment and to decrease of disability rate and mortality.

Objective To explore the predictive value of microvessel density(MVD)and blood vessel invasion(BVI)in hepatic metastasis from early-stage rectal cancer.Methods MVD and BVI in the tumor tissue from 380 patients with stage I and II rectal cancer was determined by immunohistochemical S-P method with anti-CDIOS antibody and anti-CD34 antibody,respectively.Multinomial logistic regression was performed to analyze the predictive value of MVD and BVI in hepatic metastasis from early-stage rectal cancer.Results CD105 was expressed in newborn blood vessels,not in normal blood veseels.in the rectal cancer tissue.MVD was correlated with histological type and infiltration depth(P＜0.05).Besides histological type and infiltration depth,BVI was also correlated with histological grade.Multivariate analysis revealed that histological type,tumor infiltration depth,BVI,adjuvant therapy,and MDV were independent predictors of hepatic metastasis from rectal cancer.The risk of hepatic metastasis in patients with postive expression of either MVD or BVI or both were significant higher than that in patients with low expression of MVD and those without BVI expression[hazard ratio(95%CI),4.210(2.182-11.214)].Conclusion BVI and MVD are independent predictors of hepatic metastasis from stage I and II rectal cancer.Combined detection of MVD and BVI may help to predict the clinical outcome of patients with early-stage rectal cancer.

Objective To detect the clinical factors related with liver metastasis in young patients with rectal cancer.Methods Three hundred and fifty young patients with rectal cancer were collected to set up the database.Single and multi-factor Logistic regression was applied to indicate the independent factors relating to liver metastasis.The regression equation to predict probability of liver metastasis from rectal cancer was established.Results Liver metastasis was 120 cases (34.3%).Single-factor analysis revealed that patho-organization type,pathologytype,infiltration extent,blood vessel invasion (BVI),TNM stage,operation character,the preoperative level of carcino-embryonic antigen,histology grading were related with liver metastasis.Multi-factor analysis revealed that only BVI (P=0.001),TNM stage (P=0.001),pathoorganization type (P=0.005),the preoperative level of CEA (P=0.008) and operation character (P=0.032) were independent factors to predict probability of liver metastasis.Conclusions Rectal cancer of young patients who being with BVI,advanced phase,high preoperative level of CEA,radical operation or poor differentiation degree,are apt to develop liver metastasis.They should be given further individualized intensive adjuvant treatment.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the pattern of lymph node metastasis in patients with left-sided colon cancer in order to provide evidences for the choice of operation mode and the range of lymph node clearance.

METHODSClinical data of 556 cases with left-sided colon carcinoma undergoing surgical treatment in Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from January 2000 to October 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Among these patients, cancer of splenic flexure and transverse colon close to splenic flexure (splenic flexure group) was found in 41 cases, descending colon cancer in 73 cases(descending colon goup) and sigmoid colon cancer in 442 cases (sigmoid colon group), respectively; T1 was found in 29 cases, T2 in 63 cases, T3 in 273 cases, T4 in 191 cases. All the patients underwent D3 radical operation or complete mesocolic excision(CME). Para-bowel lymph node was defined as the first station, mesenteric lymph node as the second station, and lymph node in root of mesentery and around upper and inferior mesenteric arteries as the third station. Metastasis was compared among these 3 stations with regard to different sites and tumor invasions.

RESULTSThe total lymph node metastasis rate was 49.6%(276/556). The lymph node metastasis rates of splenic flexure, descending colon and sigmoid colon groups were 53.7%(22/41), 52.1%(38/73) and 48.9%(216/442) respectively without significant difference (P>0.05). The lymph node metastasis rates of the first, second, and third stations were 47.3%(263/556), 16.9%(94/556) and 5.8%(32/556) respectively with significant difference (χ(2)=287.54, P=0.000). In the first, second and third station, the lymph node metastasis rate was 13.8%(4/29), 0 and 0 in T1; 25.4%(16/63), 4.8%(3/63) and 3.2%(2/63) in T2; 45.8%(125/273), 14.7%(40/273) and 4.8%(13/273) in T3; 61.8%(118/191), 26.7%(25/191) and 8.9%(17/191) in T4 respectively. In splenic flexure group, metastasis rates were similar between No.222 and No.232[14.6%(61/41) vs. 12.2%(5/41), χ(2)=0.11, P=1.000] and between No.223 and No.253 [7.3% (3/41) vs. 2.4% (1/41), χ(2)=1.05, P=0.616]. In descending colon group, metastasis rate of No.232 was higher as compared to No.222[15.1%(11/73) vs. 2.7% (2/73), χ(2)=6.84, P=0.017]; metastasis rate of No.253 was slightly higher as compared to No.223 without significant difference [4.1%(3/73) vs. 0, χ(2)=3.06, P=0.245]. Metastasis rates of No.222 and No.223 in splenic flexure group were significantly higher than those in descending colon and sigmoid colon groups (χ(2)=5.69, P=0.025; Fisher exact test, P=0.044); While such rates of No.232(No.242 for sigmoid colon group) and No.253 were not significantly different among 3 groups respectively (χ(2)=0.90, P=0.660; χ(2)=1.14, P=0.611).

CONCLUSIONSLeft-sided colon cancers in T1 should undergo D2 radical operation, while cancers in T2 to T4 should undergo D3 radical operation. The D3 radical operation for splenic flexure cancers and cancers of transverse colon close to splenic flexure should clear No.223 and No.253. The D3 radical operation for descending colon cancer should clear No.222 and No.253. The D3 radical operation for sigmoid colon should clear No.253.

Colon, Sigmoid ; pathology ; Colon, Transverse ; pathology ; Colonic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; diagnosis ; Mesenteric Artery, Inferior ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the surgical endpoint of separation of mesorectum during total mesorectal excision (TME), suggesting the concept of "terminal line", in order to perform above separation better for middle-low rectal cancer.

METHODSGross anatomy of mesorectum endpoint from 81 surgical specimens of low anterior resection (LAR, 5 to 6 cm of distance from low margin of cancer to anal edge) and 71 surgical specimens of abdominal perineal resection(APR, <5 cm of distance from low margin of cancer to anal edge) was observed. Clinicopathological, magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) morphological and operative video data of 108 low rectal cancer patients undergoing TME at Department of Colorectal Surgery of Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University between March 2016 and March 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Rates of the "terminal line" exposure of TME between different surgical procedures(robot or laparoscope) and different anatomical instruments (ultrasonic knife or electric hook) were compared for evaluating the site of separation endpoint.

RESULTSThe gross anatomical findings of specimens from LAR showed that the rectal wall below the levator hiatus level had no mesorectum attachment, and gross anatomical finding of specimens from APR showed that the levator hiatus was the most terminal attachment margin of the mesorectum whose thickness was only 2 millimeters in levator hiatus level. MRI morphological findings of 108 low rectal cancer patients showed that high signal intensity of mesorectal tissue on T2 MRI gradually thinned to the level of levator hiatus. High quality laparoscopic and robotic operation revealed a white linear structure formed by pelvic fascia, which covered and surrounded levator hiatus, so the "terminal line" of TME was defined. The operation video of 108 revealed that the overall exposure rate of the "terminal line" was 45.4%, the exposure rate of "terminal line" in robotic surgery was similar to that in laparoscopic surgery [(60.0%(18/30) vs. 39.7%(31/78), P=0.058], while such rate in ultrasonic knife was superior to electric hook [55.4%(41/74) vs. 23.5%(8/34), P=0.002]. Laparoscopy combined with ultrasonic knife can also obtained a high exposure rate of 52.3%(23/44).

CONCLUSIONSThe white linear structure referring to pelvic fascia which covers and surrounds levator hiatus is the "terminal line" of TME. The use of an ultrasonic knife is easier to expose this structure and to guarantee the quality of TME.

OBJECTIVETo study the result of surgical treatment of benign ulcer of the gastric cardia.

METHODSClinical symptom, number, position and size of ulcer, preoperative X-ray gastroscopic examine, type and complication of operation were retrospective analyzed in 21 patients with benign ulcer of the gastric cardia.

RESULTSAverage age in 21 patients was 60. Ulcer complicated bleeding in 7 cases (33.3%) and perforation in 5 cases (23.8%). Diagnostic rate of preoperative X-ray and gastroscopic examine was 57.1% and 100%, respectively. Of 21 patients 18 (85.7%) were treated by upper partial gastrectomy, and 3 (14.3%) by total gastrectomy. All were not operative death and anastomotic leak.

CONCLUSIONSupper partial gastrectomy can resect focus of ulcer and decrease secretion of stomach acid. It is a simple and ideal pattern of operation for patients with benign ulcer of the gastric cardia.

Adult ; Aged ; Cardia ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Stomach Ulcer ; surgery