Objective: To investigate the effect of exogenous surfactant on Eustachian tube opening function. Methods: This reasarch measures for the Eustachian tube opening pressure by injection of surface active substance into middle ear space, studying the effect of surfactant on Eustachian tube opening function. Results: It has been showed that the injection of killed streptococcus pneumoneac bacteria by the transtympanic route, successfully developed a secretory otitis media model. Eustachian tube opening pressure in ears with SOM was significantly greater than those without effusion (P<0.01). Irrigation the middle ear space with surfactant resulted in a dramatic decrease in eustachian tube passive opening pressure in both normal and patients (P<0.01). Conclusion: The results indicate that flushing with exogenous surfactant by the transtympanic rote reduce of eustachian tube surface tension, and it benefits the Eustachian tube opening.

Objective To explore the effects of interleukin1?(IL-1?) and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) in middle ear cholesteatoma and to explore the correlation between their expression and the ability of destruction of cholesteatoma.Methods IL-1? and MMP-9 were determined immunohistochemically in the specimens from 21 cases cholesteatomas and 10 external ear skin of patients with cholesteatoma.Results The positive expression of IL-1? and MMP-9 in cholesteatoma epithelialium were increased greatly than that in external epidermis(P

Objective To explore the relationship between different treatment methods of hiatus sinus maxillaris during nasal endoscope paranasal sinuses operation and prognosis.Methods Eighty patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and rhinopolyp were divided into observation group and control group byrandom digits table method with 40 cases each.Expanding hiatus sinus maxillaris were given according to the modality of hiatus sinus maxillaris and lesion of maxillaris sinus in observation group.The patients in control group were given expanding hiatus sinus maxillaris.The opening rate of hiatus sinus maxillaris and postoperative complication were observed.Results All the patients were followed up ≥ 1 year.The opening rate of hiatus sinus maxillaris in observation group (97.5％,39/40) was significantly higher than that in control group (77.5％,31/40),the rate of postoperative complication in observation group (5.0％,2/40) was significantly lower than that in control group (27.5％,11/40),and there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Whether or not to enlarge hiatus sinus maxillaris during nasal endoscope paranasal sinuses operation should base on intraoperative specific situation,and it can reduce intraoperative injury,prevent the shutting of sinus and postoperative complication.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of nasal endoscope antrostomy treatment of maxillary sinus cyst through two approaches. Methods Eighty patients with maxillary sinus cyst were selected. The patients were divided into experiment group and control group according to the treatment method. Experiment group (40 cases) was treated through windowing middle meatus maxillary sinus associated with antrostomy of inferior nasal meatus approach. Control group (40 cases) was treated through antrostomy of inferior nasal meatus approach. On the basis of the review, the local state of the nasal endoscope and the CT examination of the sinus and the nasal sinuses, the patients were evaluated comprehensively. Results The recovery rate in experiment group was significantly higher than that in control group:97.5%(39/40) vs. 77.5% (31/40), and the complication rate in experiment group was significantly lower than that in control group:10.0%(4/40) vs. 35.0%(14/40). And there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). Conclusions The approach of windowing middle meatus maxillary sinus associated with antrostomy of inferior nasal meatus in the treatment of maxillary sinus cyst in nasal endoscope has wide field and no dead ends. Moreover, the lesions can be cleared completely. The procedure can reduce the recurrence. The complication rate is lower than the antrostomy of inferior nasal meatus approach.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and significance of related receptors of Notch signaling pathway in mouse model of allergic rhinitis (AR). METHOD: Sixteen BALB/c mice of seven-eight weeks old were randomly assigned to two groups,including controls group and model group. AR model mice was sensitized with ovalbumin(OVA). Symptom score, hematoxylin-eosin for pathological alteration and infiltration of inflammatory cells in nasal mucosa were analyzed as well as enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was taken to detect IgE in pe- ripheral serum. Nasal septum mucosa and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 16 BALB/c mouse(8 Allegic rhinitis,8 controls). Notch 1-4 were checked by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry from different levels. RESULT: BALB/c mice model of allergic rhinitis was established successfully. The mRNA of Notch1, Notch3, Notch4 in nasal septum mucosa of allergic rhinitis mice model groups were obviously higher than that in normal controls, and the difference were statistically significant (P < 0.01). However, The expression of Notch2 is lower than the control group and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In line with the above, the protein expression of Notch1, Notch3, Notch4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of model groups were significantly higher than that in health controls, and the difference were statistically significant (P < 0.01). But comparing control, expression of Notch2 was lower and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION There were significant changes of Notch genes in mouse model of AR. This intimated that related genes of Notch signaling pathway may paly important roles in the development and progression of AR and provide ideas for in depth study of the pathogenesis of AR.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nasal Mucosa ; RNA, Messenger ; Receptors, Notch ; metabolism ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; metabolism ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial

Objective To construct the prokaryotic expression vector bearing fusion gene NT4-ADNF-9 and lay foundation for further study on genetic therapy of neuraseusory deafness. Methods By means of asymmetrical prince/ template, double stranded eDNA of activity dependent neurotrophic factor-9 (ADNF-9) was obtained, which included restriction enzymes sites on the two extremities. ADNF-9 eDNA was ligated to the signal and leader peptides of nenrotrophin 4 (NT4), and the fusion gene was named NT4-ADNF-9. Then it was suheluned into prokaryotic expression vector pBV220, and called pBV220/ NT4-ADNF-9. Results Evidences of DNA sequence analysis and restrtction enzymes digestion showed that we recombined ADNF-9 eDNA to the 3'terminal of the signal and leader peptides of NT4, and the fusion gene was subcluned into pBV220 successfully. Bioactivity of the products was proved that it could support the cell survival and neurite growth in the primary cultures of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of embryonic day-8 cbicken neurons as compared to the control. Conclusion Prokaryotic expression vector pBV220/NT4-ADNF-9 can be constructed successfully and the bioactivtty is satisfactory.

Objective Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was applied to study the cantral auditong pathway in patients with .Methods A total of 30 cases of acquired hearing loss patients were divided into 2 groups ,group 1 (15 ,sudden deafness) and group 2 (15 ,with duration up to 2 years SNHL group from the time of onset) .A total of 15 cases of normal-hearing patients on MRI examination were selected as the control group for the same period .All subjects received DTI of whole brain .The values of the whole brain DTI were obtained from the inferior colliculus and lateral lemniscus ,consisting of the fractional anisotropy (FA) ,radial diffusion (RD) ,axi‐al dispersion (AD) and mean diffusivity .Results There were significant differences(P<0 .05) in FA of bilateral in‐ferior colliculus among sudden deafness group ,SNHL of 2 -year -history group and the control group by ANO‐VA .FA of inferior colliculus in the control group was higher than that of in the SNHL group ,but lower than that of in the sudden deafness group .RD of lateral lemniscus in the SNHL group was higher than that of in the sudden deafness group(P<0 .05) ,MD of lateral lemniscus in the sudden deafness group was higher among the other 2 groups ,and there were signigicant(P<0 .05) .For AD of the inferior colliculug and lateral lemniscus ,there were no differ‐ences among the 3 groups (P>0 .05) .Conclusion There was no obviously abnormal change on the central auditory processing in sudden deafness group ,but significant destruction was found on 2 years SNHL group .It indicated that central auditory processing of the history of sensorineural deafness affected the structural changes of the central au‐ditory pathway .

Objective To discuss the tympanic membrane puncture or tympanostomy tube under endotoscope combined with adenoidectomy under nasal endoscopy on the influence of invalid conservative treatment of pediatric secretory otitis media.Methods A total of 112 cases of secretory otitis media with invalid conservative treatment were selected in the department of otorhinolaryngology of children′s hospital of Nanjing Medical University from July 2013 to August 2015.They were divided into three groups,the group A of 38 cases(68 ears)underwent transnasal endoscopic pure adenoidectomy;the group B of 37 cases(60 ears)underwent transnasal endoscopic adenoidectomy combined with tympanocentesis;the group C of 37 cases(59 ears)underwent tympanostomy tube insertion.The clinical treatment effect,the period of middle ear effusion,postoperative recurrence and complication were observed and compared.Results The total effective rate of the 3 groups was improved after 3 months(P<0.05);the total effective rate in group B and group C at one week and 3 months after operation were higher than those of group A(P<0.05);and the total effective rate in group C at 3 months after operation was significantly higher than that of group B(P<0.05).The level of auditory brainstem evoked potential(ABR)and the latency of ABR wave Ⅰ latency were decreased at 1 year after operation(P<0.05);the ABR changes in group B and group C at 1 week and 1 year after operation were lower than those in group A(P<0.05).The incidence of recurrence rate and the period of middle ear effusion in group C were lower than those in group A and B(P<0.05).The incidence of complication of group A was lower than those of group B and group C(P<0.05).Conclusion Using tympanostomy tube combined with adenoidectomy under endoscope can improve the children with hearing,which not only can shorten the time of the middle ear effusion,but also effectively reduce the recurrence rate.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of IL-17 and IL-23 in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis(AR) and non. allergic rhinitis(NAR). METHOD: Selected 156 cases of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR group) and 59 cases of patients with non-allergic rhinitis (NAR group), 60 cases of healthy people (control group). All cases in AR group and NAR groups were evaluated by a visual analog scale (VAS) score of nasal symptoms. Collected peripheral blood and nasal secretions in all cases and then detected IL-17 and IL-23 expression levels. RESULT: There was no significant difference in VAS score of AR group and NAR group (P>0. 05). IL-17 and IL-23 levels of serum and nasal secretions in AR group and NAR group were both higher than control group, with a highly significant difference (P <0. 05). The research showed a clear correlation between expression of IL-17 and IL-23 both in serum and nasal secretions of AR group and NAR(P<0. 05). CONCLUSION IL-17 and IL-23 may be important cytokines and IL-23/IL-17 pathway may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis.
Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Interleukin-17 ; blood ; metabolism ; Interleukin-23 ; blood ; metabolism ; Nasal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Rhinitis ; blood ; metabolism ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; blood ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To clone Atoh1 gene coding sequence of SD rat and construct the Eukaryotic expression plasmid pAtoh1-IRES2-EGFP,and to study its expression in 293T cells. METHOD: Total RNA was extracted from colon of SD rat. Atoh1 cDNA was obtained by RT-PCR amplification and subcloned into PMD-19T vector. The purified digested fragment was connected into Eukaryotic expression vector pIRES2-EGFP to construct the recombinant plasmid. The recombinant expression plasmid was identified by enzyme digestion and sequence analysis and then transfected into 293T cells with Lipofectamine. The expression of green fluorescent protein was detected through fluorescence microscope. RESULT: Compared cloned DNA sequence of Atoh1 gene CDS area with the reference sequences published in GeneBank, there were two base nonsense mutation in the sequence, deduced amino acid of cloning sequences as the same as reference sequences. Two bases should be single nucleotide polymorphism. Results of enzyme digestion and sequencing confirmed the successful construction of the recombinant plasmid. The expression of the green fluorescent protein was observed in the transfected 293T cells 24 h after transfection by fluorescence microscope. CONCLUSION pIRES2-EGFP-Atoh1 can be constructed and expressed successfully in the 293T cells, which will guide further research on gene therapy for sensorineural hearing loss.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; genetics ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transfection