OBJECTIVE: To investigate therapeutic progress of cerebral intravascular stent, and to evaluate biocompatlbility with host.METHODS: Articles were collected from CNKI and Medline database with the keywords of "cerebrovascular disease, stent, and therapy" in both Chinese and English from 1989 to 2009. Among 53 articles, 22 were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria; while the included articles were summarized in the fields of therapeutic progress of cerebral intravascular stent,complication following cerebral intravascular stent implantation, and biocompatlbility of cerebral intravascular stent in order to investigate the biocompatibility of various stents.RESULTS: Cerebral intravascular stent was mainly used to treat cerebral artery stenosis, cerebral aneurysm, venous sinus stenosis, and thrombus. Complications following cerebral intravascular stent implantation included carotid sinus syndrome,hypertransfusion syndrome, cerebral angiospasm, thrombosis, and restenosis. Pre-enlargement prior to implantation in the stenotic region played an important role in avoiding deformation and displacement of stent. Restenosis correlated to stent types following cerebral intravascular stent implantation. For example, metal stent could promote thrombosis; however, polymer which had an excellent biocompatibility to vessel wall was superior to metal stent, thus it could prevent endomembrane proliferation following implantation. Metal-coated stent could inhibit aggregation of platelet; additionally, drug stent could effectively prevent restenosis via high-concentration drug release for a long term.CONCLUSION: Cerebral intravascular stent is considered as an ideal tool to treat cerebrovascular disease. Metal stent has a poor compatibility, but polymer stent, coating stent, and drug stent have a good compatibility.

Objective To investigate histopathological change of axillary lymph nodes and ecto-node encroachment of breast cancer following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer.Methods Second Hospital Affiliated to University of South China had received 86 patients with breast carcinoma from June 2002 to August 2009,these patients suffered lump over 5 cm and homonymy nonfusion lymphadenectasis.All samples were grouped on the basis of wether or not accept neoadjuvant chemotherapy.The first group included 46 patients,who were reluctant to receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy,operated after pricking pathological diagnosis.There were 40 patients with metastatic axillary lymph nodes and 17 patients with axillary ecto-node encroachment in the first group.The second group included 40 patients,who were voluntary to receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy,and operated after pricking pathological diagnosis and received three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on average.There were 26 patients with metastatic axillary lymph nodes and 6 patients with axillary ecto-node encroachment in the second group.Results The rate of metastatic axillary lymph nodes was 86.9% and the rate of axillary ecto-node encroachment was 36.9% in the first group,while 65% and 15% respectively in the scond group.There were significant deference in the rate of metastatic lymph node and axillary ecto-node encroachmen between two groups.Conclusion Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is effective to treat metastatic lymph node and axillary ecto-node encroachment in breast cancer.

Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma(DDCS)comprises approximately 10%of all chondrosarcomas and has the worst outcome with a 5-year survival of 10%.The preferred localizations are the femur,humerus and pelvis.DDCS represents a special form of chondrosarcoma characterized by the presence of well-differentiated cartilaginous component in juxtaposition with malignant mesenchymal tumor of high-malignancy grade.The diagnosis of DDCS is highly complicated,requiring detailed radiological and histopathological evaluation as well as precise bioptic technique.The dedifferentiated component is typically a high-grade sarcoma(usually grade 3 or 4),which can be either an osteosarcoma,a malignant fibrous histiocytoma or an anaplastic spindle cell sarcoma.In approximately one-third of the radiographs,one-third of the MR images,and one-half of the CT scans, the tumors demonskates bimorphic features.Recently,array-based comparative genomic hybridization(array-CGH)studies have been performed on frozen chondrosarcoma(including DDCS)specimens.There is a statistically significant association between high-grade tumor(grade Ⅲ and dedifferent ated)and the recurrent genetic deletions at 5q14.2～q21.3,6q16～q25.3,9p24.2～q12,and 9p21.3.One of the most commonly deleted regions of DDCS involved chromosome 9.Earlier investigations of DDCS showed p53 mutation and p53-LOH in the anaplastic component.It is also accompanied by Rt-LOH.P161NK4 and E-cadherin promotor methylation were observed in the low grade chondroid compartment of DDCS.While p161NK4,FHIT,and E-cadherin were methylated in highly malignant osteosarcomatous compartment of the tumor.Surgical resection of the tumor within wide or radical margins is the most important treatment.The value of neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy remain uncertain.Several new drug targets have been identified and phase Ⅱ studies are currently ongoing.Current phase Ⅱ trials open for DDCS patients used the following medicine:apomab(proapoptotic selective agonist of Ap02L/TRAIL death receptor),perifosine(serine/threonine kinase Akt inhibitor),dasatinib(multitargeted small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor),and the combination of gemcitabine and docetaxel.More recently,several phase Ⅰ studies have reported incidental responses of DDCS to newer targeted agents,such as histone deacetylase and vascular endothelial growth factor antisense oligodeoxynucleotide.The prognosis for patients with DDCS remains poor. The poor prognosis of the DDCS is determined by nonchondroid high grade component caused by invasive growth and formation of metastases.Therefore,early diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment may improve the outcome.

OBJECTIVETo assess the safety and the accuracy of surgical navigation technology in the resection of severe ankylosis of the mandibular condyle with the middle cranial fossa.

METHODSThe CT scan data was transferred to a Windows-based computer workstation, and the patient' s individual anatomy was assessed in multiplanar views at the workstation. In the operation, the patient and the virtual image were matched by individual registration with the reference points which were set on the skull bone surface and the teeth. Then the real time navigation can be performed.

RESULTSThe acquisition of the data sets was uncomplicated, and image quality was sufficient to assess the operative result in three cases. The operations were performed successfully with the guidance of real-time navigation. The application of surgical navigation have enhanced the safety and the accuracy of the surgery for bony ankylosis of temporomandibular joint.

CONCLUSIONSThe application of surgical navigation can improve the accuracy and safety of surgical excision of the ankylosed skull base tissue.

Anatomic Landmarks ; anatomy & histology ; Ankylosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Skull ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Temporomandibular Joint ; surgery ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To detect the different expression of Runx2 in dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma and conventional chondrosarcoma, and to investigate the role of Runx2 in the occurrence and development of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. Methods Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma cell line NDCS-1 and normal chondrosarcoma cell line SW1353 were cultured, then mRNA and total cellular protein were extracted.RT-PCR Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry were used to detect the expression of Runx2.Immunohistochemistry was used to test Runx2's expression in the dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma specim ens that confirmed by pathology. Results Runx2 was high expression in dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma cell line and high-grade component of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma tissues. Conclusion The high expression of Runx2 in dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is involved in the occurrence and development of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma.

Objective: To investigate the differential expression of Sox9 in conventional chondrosarcoma,dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma and normal cartilage. Methods: We reported 12 cases of chondrosarcomas,which were initially diagnosed as chondrosarcomas(6 cases of conventional chondrosarcoma and 6 cases of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma)at Peking University People's Hospital between January 2003 and January 2007.We used genechip method to identify difierentially expressed genes involved in conventional chondrosarcoma,dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma and in normal cartilage(6 cases)and found thousands of differentially expressed genes after extensive statistical analysis.With Sox9 which played crucial roles in the process of both differentiation and maturation of chondrocyte as a candidate,we used Real-time PCR,Westem blot and immunohistochemistry to confirm the results found by gene chip. Results: DNA microarray results showed that Sox9 was up-regulated about 1.6 times in conventional chondrosarcoma compared with that in normal cartilage.But in dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma,the expression level of Sox9 was significantly down-regulated,0.082 times of that in normal cartilage.Real-time PCR results showed that the expression levels of Sox9 mRNA in conventional chondrosarcomas and dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas were 1.68±0.119 and 0.088±0.017,respectively.Sox9 protein level was significantly higher in humen conventional chondrosarcomas than that in normal cartilage.Sox9 protein level in dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas was significantly lower than that in normal cartilage tissue.All of the 6 cases of conventional chondrosarcomas showed diffuse and strong staining of Sox9.However,Only scattered staining was observed in dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas. Conclusion: Compared with that in normal cartilage,Sox9 expression is up-regulated in conventional chondrosarcomas and down-regulated in dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas.Decrease of Sox9 expression in dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is correlated with poor survival,indicating that Sox9 may serve as a molecular prognostic marker for chondrosarcomas and disease progression.

A single factor duplicate test was designed to investigate whether bovine recombinded resistin impacts the expression of pyruvate carboxylase (PC) mRNA and the activity of PC in vitro culture bovine hepatocyte.Bovine recombinded resistin was added to the media with 0,25,50,100,200 and 400 ng/L.Abundance of PC mRNA in bovine hepatocyte,which was cultured with bovine recombinded resistin for 12 hours,was determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR,and activity of PC was determined by colourimetry.The results showed that bovine recombinded resistin could downregulate the expression of PC mRNA and the activity of PC in vitro culture bovine hepatocyte.

Objective:To investigate the killing effect of nanoliposome encapsulated cisplatin(NLE-CDDP) on human osteosarcoma cell line Saos-2 and explore the distribution of platinum(Pt) in tumor-bearing mice.Methods: Saos-2 cells were cultured at different concentrations of NLE-CDDP.MTT assay,inverted microscopic observation and flow cytometry assay(FCM)were used to observe the antiproli-ferative effect of NLE-CDDP on the human osteosarcoma cells.Antitumor effect of NLE-CDDP was determined using the xenografts models of human osteosarcoma cell Saos-2 in nude mice.The Pt concentration in the tissues of tumor-transplanted mice was determined by atomic spectrophotometer.Results: When treated at different concentrations of NLE-CDDP for 24-96 hours,the survival rate of Saos-2 cells decreased significantly(P

Mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET), whereby mesenchymal cells become more epithelial like in phenotype, was observed to occur during normal development and in cancers. Numerous investigations have been conducted on MET in carcino-mas. In addition, accumulating evidence also suggests the critical function of MET in sarcomas. Integrated analyses reveal that MET may be an important biological and clinical process in sarcomas, and transcription factors such as Slug may also perform central func-tions in epithelial differentiation in several sarcomas such as leiomyo-sarcoma and synovial sarcoma. Given the scarcity of investiga-tions and evidence, several important issues about MET, such as its molecular markers, signaling mechanisms, micro RNA regulations, and clinical significance, need to be clarified. In this article, we review several important questions about MET in sarcomas, including molecular markers, signaling mechanisms, regulation by miRNAs, and therapeutic implications.

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of surgery in 121 patients with spinal metastases.Methotds A retrospective analysis of clinical data from April 2009 to March 2013 was performed in 121 patients with spinal metastases.From 37 to 65 years,69 males and 42 females with mean age of 55.6 years.Primary tumor origin:Lung 35(28.9％),Breast 26(21.4％),Renal 17 (14.0％),Prostate 20 (16.5％),Thyroid 14 (11.6％),Liver 2 (1.7％),Colon 1 (0.8％),other 6 (5.0％).All patients received surgery.Follow-up and survival time were analyzed.In preoperation and postoperative 3 month,pain levels were assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS),neurologic deficit was evaluated by Frankel Grade and functional impairment was classified by Karnofsky Score.The quality of the life was assessed by EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire.Survival analysis was evaluated by Kaplan-meier.Results The period of follow-up ranged from 5 to 35 months with the average of 15.9 months.The mean survival was 14.5 months.1-year survival was 53.5％.2-year survival was 36.5％.In patients with lung cancer,the mean survival was 8.5months.1-year survival was 14.3％.2-year survival was 11.4％.In patients with breast cancer,the mean survival was 31 months.1-year survival was 57.7％.2-year survival was 46.2％.In preoperation and postoperative 3 month,the VAS showed statistical significance (t=21.6,P＜0.01) ;Post-operatively,80.3％ of all patients had functionally useful Frankel Grade D or E compared with 43.5％ pre-operatively.KPS score (80-100) percentage was 75.6％ postoperatively compared with 33.4％ preoperatively.In 1month postoperatively,35 of 75 patients who were sphincteric dysfunction preoperatively were improved.The EORTC QLQ-C30score was 83.39±7.23 in preoperation and 51.34±14.27 in postoperaion.The quality of life was impoved significantly (t=12.6,P＜0.01).Conclusion Surgical treatment was effective in improving quality of life by providing better pain control,enabling patients to regain or maintain mobility,and offering improved sphincter control.In all patients,the number of patents with spinal metastases from breast and lung cancer is higher.Compared with spinal metastases from breast cancer,the proportion of lung cancer origin received surgery is higher.