Objective To compare success and complication rate of cordocentesis (CC) with intrahepatic umbilical vein sampling (IUVS) under the guidance of ultrasonography in ovine fetus. Methods Twenty near-term singleton pregnant ewes were randomly divided into CC group and IUVS group (each n=10). All of the ewes underwent CC or IUVS in ovine fetus guided with ultrasonography. Success and complication rate of CC and IUVS were calculated. Results Success rates of IUVS on the first, less than 3 times and 5 times attempt was 32.00%, 68.00% and 84.00%, respectively, higher than that of CC (15.00%, 40.00% and 75.00%, respectively, P<0.05). Sever complication rates of IUVS in comparison with CC was not statistically different (P>0.05). Conclusion Fetal IUVS may be a reasonable option to obtain fetal intravascular access and facilitate therapeutic intervention.

Objective:To study the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of isosorbide 5 mononitrate(5 ISMN)sustained release capsules in 12 male healthy volunteers. Methods: A capillary gas chromatography method with electron captured detector was established for the determination of 5 ISMN in plasma, after administrating a daily dose of 40 mg 5 ISMN domestic and imported sustained release capsules in a randomized crossover design.The fluctuation of 5 ISMN valley concentrations observed and the steady state pharmacokinetics was characterized in a multiple dose schedule of 40 mg 5 ISMN sustained release capsules.Results:The steady state of 5 ISMN plasma concentrations reached at the fourth oral administration.The steady state pharmacokinetic parameters after multiple oral dose of 40 mg 5 ISMN domestic and imported sustained release capsules were as follows: t max were (4.8?0.6) and (4.8?0.9) h, c max were (802.46?94.45) and (807.09?109.16) ?g/L, c min were (127.83?23.76) and (121.85?22.00) ?g/L, AUC ss were (8 114.7?1 393.4) and (8 174.8?1 219.7) ?g?h/L, c av were (338.12?58.06) and (340.62?50.82) ?g/L,the degree of fluctuation (DF) were (2.04?0.39) and (2.03?0.33), respectively. Conclusion:The relative bioavailability of multiple oral dose of 40 mg domestic 5 ISMN sustained release capsules is (99.07?5.45)%, there are no significant differences in the main steady state pharmacokinetic parameters between domestic and imported sustained release capsules, and so the 2 capsules are bioequivalent.

Objective: To evaluate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic of repaglinide tablets in Chinese subjects.Methods: Twenty healthy male volunteers were enrolled in the study. A single dose (4 mg) of repaglinide tablets was givenorally. Plasma concentrations of repaglinide were determined by HPLC method. Blood glucose and serum insulin leve1s weremeasured by biochemistry and radioimmunoassay methods respectively. Results: Plasma concentration-time curve conformedto one-compartment open model. The pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: tmax (0. 75?0.43 ) h,cmax (54.44?24.97)ng/ml, t1/2 (0. 80?0. 31) h, MRT (1. 55?0. 41) h, C1/F (61. 43?20. 10) L/h and AUC (73. 34?29.95) h? ng/ml. Thelevel of serum insulin was raised and the level of blood glucose decreased after administration of repaglinide. The highest levelof serum insulin was (l26. 24?95.93) mU/L at 0.75h and blood glucose level reached its lowerest vaIue (2. 34I0.44) mmol/L 1 h after oral administration. Conclusion: Repaglinide is characterised by fast-acting and short effects on in-sulin secretion. It decreases serum glucose level by stimulating insulin secretion from the pancreatic ?-cells. It is a novel oralprandial glucose regulator for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective To clear the clinical efficacy of using early rehabilitation nursing model in the course of clinical nursing in patients with cerebral infarction.Methods Divided 60 patients with cerebral infarction into the observation group (30 cases) and the control group (30 cases) randomly,traditional nursing measures were used in the control group,the early rehabilitation nursing model was used in the observation group in addition.Compared the clinical efficacy,ADL scores,NIHSS scores and the satisfaction between the two groups.Results In the observation group,the satisfaction was 93.33％ (28/30),the efficiency was 90.00％(27/30),which were significantly higher than those in the control group [76.67％(23/30),[66.67％(20/30)].The ADL and NIHSS scores in the observation group was (91.25±11.38) and (8.01±1.05) respectively,which were significantly different with those of in the control group,the ADL and NIHSS scores was (79.37±10.27) and (10.22±1.27) respectively in the control group.Conclusions Early rehabilitation nursing model can effectively improve the never function of patients with cerebral infarction,and then improve their quality of life.

Object To estabish a method for the quantitative analysis of osthol in LOTIO FRUCTUS CNIDII COMPOSITA by RP HPLC Methods Megestrol acetate was used as the internal standard Results Chromatographic separation of osthol and megestrol acetate was accomplished within 12 min on Hypersil ODS 2(200 mm? 4 0 mm, 5 ?m) column and acetonitrile 0 01 mol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate (48∶52) as mobile phase The flow rate was 1 2 mL/min and the detection wavelength was 320 nm A good linearity was obtained in the range of 0 123 8～2 970 ?g/mL (r=0 999 6) for osthol and the average method recovery was (98 4?0 90) % with RSD=0 91% Conclusion The method was simple, rapid, accurate, reliable, and suitable for the quality control of LOTIO FRUCTUS CNIDII COMPOSITA

Purpose　To study myocardial pathology and its pathogenesis in diabetes. Methods　Myocardial structure of alloxan induced diabetic rats was observed under light microscopy (LM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)，nitric oxide synthase(NOS)and content of malondialdehyde (MDA),nitric oxide(NO) were detected biochemically in myocardial homogenate. Results　Atrophy and degeneration of myocardium and interstitial fibrosis were found under LM and expansion of mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, destruction of myofibril and interstitial proliferation of collogen fiber under TEM. Activity of SOD and GSH-Px decreased significantly, while content of NO and MDA and activity of NOS increased significantly in diabetic rats. Conclusion　Atrophy of myocardium, expansion of mitochondria,destruction of myofibril and interstitial fibrosis are the main morphological changes of diabetic cardiomyopathy, and lipid peroxidation and NO may be involved in it.

Objective To build the forecasting system on spatial coverage of cumulative phenotypic frequency (CPF) of HLA- Ⅰ for designing HLA-based vaccines (epitopes or DNA vaccines) and evaluating their effects in China. Methods The spatial database of HLA- Ⅰgenes of Chinese (across the land of China) was set up, and then the spatial forecasting system of CPF was designed using Kriging technique.Results Using this spatial forecasting system, the vaccine designer could predict the spatial coverage of CPF for any combination of the alleles confined to a single class Ⅰ locus, either HLA-A or HLA-B, as well as for any combination of alleles at these two loci of each given population at any geographical location across the land of China. Conclusions This system is applicable in the following rields: ①To provide for the identification of alleles that represent a desired percentage of populations across the land of China and that can be targeted for vaccine composition. ② To predict the theoretical responder status of vaccines whose HLA restricted epitopes have already been known in given population at any geographical location across the land of China. (③) To identify how many individuals will be non-responders to a HLA-based vaccine across the land of China.

Objective To evaluate the acute side effects and efficacy of three dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) combined with gemcitabine chemotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods From January 2006 to December 2007, 90 cases with advanced NSCLC were divided into two groups, treatment group of 45 patients were tre.ated with 3D-CRT and gemcitabine, control group of 45 patients were treated with gemcitabine and conventional radiotherapy. Chemotherapy consisted of intravenously gemeitabine 350 mg/m2 on day 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36. Radioactive source was used with X ray of 6 MV or 15 MV. Irradiatial target area were lung site and mediastinal node. Results The complete remission (CR)and remission rate(RR) in centrol group were 5 cases (11.1%) and 28 cases(62.2%), but in treatment group were 13 cases (28.9%) and 38 cases (84.4%), respectively. The difference of response rate in two groups was significant(P < 0.05). The rate of acute radiation-induced pneumonifis and esophagitis in control group (28.9%, 35.6%)were higher than those in treatment group (11.1%, 17.8%), there were significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions Concurrent application of gemcitabine and 3D-CRT can improve the RR for locally advanced NSCLC, and the acute toxicity are lower than those of gemcitabine and conventional radiotherapy. The clinical study is needed, but the late effect shoud be followed.

Objective To explore the joints and tendons characteristic features of high frequency ultrasound in asymptomatic hyperuricemia(AH) and to assess its value in AH diagnosis.Methods One hundred asymptomatic individuals with hyperuricemia (AH group) and 75 normouricemic subjects (control group) were examined by high frequency and color Doppler ultrasound.The joints,tendons and soft tissue of the knees,ankles and first metatarsal-phalangeal joints in two groups were examined.The correlations of serum urate(SU) level with double contour sign,bone erosion and articular cavity effusion were analysed.Results Hyperechoic deposition on the sulface of the articular hyaline cartilage (double contour sign) were found in the knees (35),ankles (17) and the first metatarsophalangeal joints (MTPJs,48) from the asymptomatic individuals with hyperuricemia,in contrast to none in the control group (P ＜0.05).Similar results were found in two groups of the bone erosion (30,25,20 vs 4,6,3,P ＜0.05),the effusion (28,36,41 vs 6,8,9,P ＜0.05) and the hyperechoic spots (19,18,22 vs 0,0,0,P ＜0.05).Patellar enthesopathy (4.5％ vs 0.6％,P ＜0.05) as well as achilles enthesopathy(8％ vs 0,P ＜0.05) and achilles tophi (6％ vs 0.6％,P ＜ 0.05) were more frequent in asymptomatic hyperuricemic than that of normouricemic individuals.No correlations between SU concentration and the presence of the double contour sign,the bone erosion and effusion were found (P ＞0.05).Conclusions There were some similar specific sonographic findings of gouty arthritis in the asymptomatic individuals with hyperuricemia.Also,these findings support high frequency ultrasound as a useful tool to detect anatomical damage in the joints,synovial tissue and tendons of asymptomatic individuals with hyperuricemia.

Objective To study the hemodynamic characteristics of ductus venosus,and its relationship to inflammatory cytokines in ovine fetus with systemic inflammatory response syndrome.Methods Ten near-term fetal sheep radomly divided into two groups.Five of them were in experimental group,and five of them were in control group.All of the animals underwent abdominal cordocentesis guided by ultrasound at the term of 120-130 days,with a LPS injection at a dosage of 10 μg/kg of fetal weight in experimental group,and the same quantity of 0.9% NaCl solution in control.Doppler echocardiography were performed to determine hemodynamics changes of ductus venosus at 0.5 hour before the LPS injection,and at 1 hour,3 hours,6 hours after LPS injection.Meanwhile,fetal umbilical vein blood was sampled for ELISA essay of serum TNF-α and IL-6 at each of the above time points.Results In experimental group,the ductus venosus waveform PI values(DVPI),maximum velocity during cardiac ventricle systole(S)and during cardiac ventricle diastole(D),ductus venosus index(DVI),ductus venosus blood flow(DVQ),the ratio of S and ductus venous maximum velocity during atrial contracton(S/A),(S-A)/D increased with the time after LPS injection,and still significantly increased as compared with the control animals(all P＜0.05).A decreased with the time after LPS injection,and still significantly changed as compared with the controls(P＜0.05).And the ductus venosus diameter(DVD)had not obvious change(P＞0.05).There were significantly positive correlations between DVPI and TNF-α,IL-6(all P＜0.05),negative corelations between A and TNF-α,IL-6(all P＜0.05),and positive correlations between S wave,DVI,DVQ,D wave,S/A,(S-A)/D and IL-6(all P＜0.05),but not obvious relationships between S wave,DVI,DVQ,D wave,S/A,(S-A)/D and TNF-a(all P＞0.05).Condusions DVPI and A might be easy and useful quantitative parameters in the evaluation of fetal systemic inflammatory respome syndrome with LPS injection.