Objective To establish normal reference indexes of aorta during gestation and cut-points for detection of fetuses with coarctation of aorta.Methods From long-axis views of the aortic arch,the internal diameter of the aortic root,ascending aorta,transverse aortic arch,aortic isthmus,descending aorta,anonyma,left common carotid artery,left subclavian artery were measured in 234 normal fetuses at different time ranging from 14 to 41 weeks during gestation.Reference values of each aortic segment were constructed by linear regression analysis.The ratio of each aortic segment to the ascending aorta were calculated.ResultsThe internal diameter in each aortic segments increased as pregnancy progressed (P<0.01).In the prenatal diagnosis of fetus with coarctation of the aorta,the ratio of the aortic isthmus to the ascending aorta and descending aorta to the ascending aorta were significantly lower than the normal fetuses(all P<0.01).Conclusions The ratio of the aortic isthmus to the ascending aorta and ratio of descending aorta to the ascending aorta detected by echocardiography may be helpful in the prenatal diagnosis of coarctation of aorta.

Objective To investigate therapeutic effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza on hepatic fibrosis of rats induced by carbon tewachloridean. Methods Rat models of hepatic fibrosis were founded by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride. Salvia miltiorrhiza were given to these rats. Normal group and control group were set for comparison at the same time. Serum levels of ALT, AST, HA, LN, and PC-Ⅲ were detected; HE and Masson staining were conducted in hepatic tissues to observe pathological variations. Results Salvia miltiorrhiza could decrease serum levels of ALT, AST, HA, LN,PC-Ⅲ obviously (P ＜0.01), compared with the control group; Salvia miltiorrhiza could obviously improve pathological variations compared with the control group. Conclusion Salvia miltiorrhiza has therapeutic effect on hepatic fibrosis of rats

Objective To determine the normal position of the fetal conus medullaris and assess its clinical significance.Methods A total of 550 singleton pregnant women who were examined by fetal ultrasonography in the Department of Ultrasound at the Second Hospital of Fujian Medical University from June 1, 2013 to September 31, 2014 were included.Inclusion criteria were pregnancies with regular menstruation cycle and known last menstrual period, gestational age (GA) confirmed by ultrasonographic examinations, and neonate abnormality excluded by pediatrician after born.Routine obstetric ultrasound examinations were performed to measure the biparietal diameter (BPD), femur length (FL), head circumference (HC) and abdominal circumference (AC).The conus distance (CD) was determined by measuring the distance between the distal end of the conus medullaris and the caudal end of the last vertebra.The average value was calculated for each group according to GA.Fifty normal fetuses were randomly selected for quality control.For inter-observer reliability assessment, the same data were collected and analyzed by two different operators.For intra-observer reliability assessment, the data were collected and analyzed twice by the same operator with an interval of half an hour.Linear regression correlation analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between CD and GA, BPD, FL, HC and AC.Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman analysis were used to analyze the repeatability of the analysis.Results In 518 (94.2％) of 550 fetuses, the CD was successfully measured.Positively correlations between the conus distance and the gestational age was observed.The CD was (10.0± 3.3) mm at ＞ 14-≤ 15 weeks (n=17), (27.7±3.8) mm at ＞ 20-≤ 21 weeks of gestation (n=18), (41.5±2.4) mm at ＞ 26-≤ 27 weeks (n=8), (54.7±3.0) mm at ＞ 32-≤ 33 weeks (n=17), and (71.9±2.7) mm at ＞ 41-≤ 42 weeks (n=6).Linear regression correlations between CD (mm) and FL, AC, HC, BPD and GA were:CD=1.04× FL (mm)-8.71, CD=0.23 × AC (mm)-10.11, CD=0.28× HC (mm)-18.10, CD=0.90× BPD (mm)-17.65, CD=2.34× GA (weeks)-20.94 (r=0.990, 0.985, 0.978, 0.974 and 0.973, respectively, all P ＜ 0.01).The measurement of the conus distance exhibited good reproducibility between different operators (ICC=0.984, 95％CI: 0.972-0.991) and for the same operator (ICC=0.992, 95％CI: 0.985-0.995) with the 95％ limits of agreement of-1.8 to 3.5 mm and-4.3 to 2.1 mm.Bland-Altman analysis showed that most of the measured values were within 95％ confidence interval suggesting good consistency.Conclusions The distance, between the end of the conus medullaris and the end of the last vertebral body under ultrasound scan, is positively correlated with FL and other ultrasonographic indicators, which implies that it could be used as a new index for position of fetal conus medullaris.

Endothelialprogenitorcels(EPCs)arethepluripotentstemcelsofvascularendothelial cels. They have self-differentiation and proliferation ability. A large number of animal experiments and preliminary clinical studies have show n that EPCs have broad prospects of clinical application. This article review s the research status of EPCs and their application in the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke.

Objective To observe the effects of Ganlu Xiaodu Dan and its incomplete prescription on expressions of MiR-146a and TLR4 mRNA in RD cells infected by EV71. Methods With technique of cell culturing, Ganlu Xiaodu Dan therapy group, incomplete Qing prescription therapy group, incomplete Li prescription therapy group, normal cells control group, model control group and ribavirin control group were set, and tests for virus toxicity and medicine toxicity in cells were taken, then expressions of miRNA-146a and TLR4 mRNA in these RD cells 24 hours after intervention with medicine were detected. Results Compared with normal cells control group, miR-146a in mRNA model control group decreased and TLR4 mRNA increased. Compared with model control group, miR-146a mRNA in Ganlu Xiaodu Dan therapy group, incomplete Qing prescription therapy group and incomplete Li prescription therapy group all increased while TLR4 mRNA decreased, and differences between ribavirin control group and model control group were not significant. Compared with Ganlu Xiaodu Dan therapy group, both expressions of miR-146a and TLR4 mRNA in incomplete Qing prescription therapy group were lower; miR-146a increased and TLR4 mRNA decreased in incomplete Li prescription therapy group. Compared with incomplete Qing prescription therapy group, miR-146a mRNA in incomplete Li prescription therapy group increased, but expression of TLR4mRNA between them was not significant. Conclusion Ganlu Xiaodu Dan can regulate the immune reactions caused by infection of EV71 by increasing expression of miR-146a mRNA and reducing expression of TLR4 mRNA. There may be antagonism effect between incomplete Qing prescription and incomplete Li prescription.

Objective To study the effect of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) on expressions of K8 and K18 in duct epithelial cells of salivary gland. Methods The expressions of immediate early antigen of HCMV, K8 and K18 were detected by immunohistochemistry staining in tissues embedded in paraffin of parotid cytomegalic inclusion disease(PCID). Results Cytomegly bearing inclusion appeared in duct epithelium of PCID. DDG9/CCH2 antigen of HCMV was expressed in cytomegly bearing inclusion. K8 was negative in these cytomegly while K18 was intensively positive. Conclusion It is suggested that breaking down of K8 be induced in parotid duct epithelial cells infected by HCMV and that up-regulation of K18 may be a reactive change. Keratin network in simple epithelium functions to impart mechanical integrity to cells.

Objective To explore anti-EV71 effects of Ganlu Xiaodudan in vitro. Methods Ribavirin was taken as control drug, with the help of cell culture to observe anti-EV71 inhibition rate of Ganlu Xiaodudan in inhibiting-virus-directly experiment, therapeutic-inhibiting-virus experiment, preventive-inhibiting-virus experiment and preventive-therapeutic-inhibiting-virus experiment. Results In inhibiting-virus-directly experiment, therapeutic-inhibiting-virus experiment and preventive-therapeutic-inhibiting-virus experiment, virus inhibition rate of Ganlu Xiaodudan was higher than ribavirin. In preventive-inhibiting-virus experiment, virus inhibition rates of Ganlu Xiaodudan and ribavirin both were almost zero. Conclusion Ganlu Xiaodudan has better antiviral effects on EV71 than ribavirin, and it can affect more than one link of multiplication of EV71.

Objective To observe therapeutic effects of HuGanJieXian decoction on rats hepatic fibrosis induced by tetrachloride. Methods Rat models of hepatic fibrosis were constructed by intraperitoneal injection of tetrachloride.HuGanJieXian decoction composed of low, middle, and high dose curcumin were given to these rats respectively at the same time. Sho-saiko-to compound treatment group and Fufangbiejiarangan Tablets treatment group were made as positive control groups. After twelve weeks, all rats were executed. Serum samples were kept for measuring serum levels of PC-Ⅲ, LN, and HA. Left livers were extirpated for pathologic examination including H.E and Masson stainings. Grade of hepatic fibrosis were evaluated according to SSS system. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) of supematant centrifugated from hepatic tissue homogenate were detected. Results Serum levels of PC-Ⅲ, LN, and HA were depressed obviously in decoction groups compared with those of fibrotic group (P<0.05) , especially in the low-dose curcumin group.HuGanJieXian Decoction could increase the level of SOD and decrease the level of MDA (P<0.05) , especially in the low-dose curcumin group. Staining of H. E and Masson showed that degrees of hepatic fibrosis in decoction groups were improved obviously compared with that of the fibrotic group. Conclusion HuGanJieXian Decoction can improve rat hepatic fibrosis, the mechanism of this effect may be associated with protecting hepatic cell membrane and anti- peroxidative damage.

Objective To study the characteristics of patients with low body mass index (BMI) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Methods A total of 38 clinically stable patients with moderate-to-severe COPD were enrolled. They were divided into two groups: underweight (UW) group (n=16,BMI<20);normal weight(NW) group(n=22, 20≤BMI<26). Body height and weight, smoking indexs, and six minutes walk distance (6MWD) were assayed. The British Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scale was used to assess the degree of dyspnea. St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and Short Form 36 item Questionnaire (SF-36) were used for health-related quality of life (HRQoL) evaluation. The serum concentrations of leptin and ghrelin were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Compared with the NW group, the inspiratory eapacity(IC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV), vital capacity (VC) ,most ventilate volume (MVV) and peak expiratory flow(PEF) were lower(P<0. 05) in the UW group. Residual volume-to-total lung capacity ratio (RV/TLC), smoking indexs and MRC score were higher (all P<0. 05) and 6MWD was significantly lower (P<0. 05) in the UW group than in NW group. Activity scores,impact scores and total scores of SGRQ showed significant deterioration in the UW group (P<0. 05). SF-36 also showed significantly worse scores for the parameters of the emotional and social functioning (P < 0. 05 ). Serum leptin was significantly lower ( P< 0.01 ) and ghrelin was higher in UW group than in NW group (P<0. 05). Stepwise multiple regression analyse showed that lC,mental health(MH) and physical function (PF) of SF-36, leptin,6MWD and smoking indexs were independently correlated with BMI. Conchtsions The pulmonary function, nutritional status, PF and life quality of COPD patients with low BMI were more deteriorative. The most significant influencing factor for BMI in COPD patients was IC. M H,exercise capacity,leptin level and smoking indexs were independently correlated with BMI in COPD patients. It is important to retrieve low BMI in the management of COPD patients.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of telbivudine for pregnant women with hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg)negative chronic hepatitis B(CHB). Methods Sixty-two cases of HBeAg negative CHB pregnant women were collected from May 2007 to May 2012,and they were divided into telbivudine group (n=31 ,600 mg per day by oral administration)and compound glycyrrhizin group (n=31 ,120 mg per day by intravenous administration).All neonates were given intramuscular injection of 200 IU hepatitis Bimmune globalin at birth immediately and 15 days after birth,and 20 μg genetically engineered hepatitis B vaccine at 0,1 and 6 months after birth.The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)level and hepatitis B virus (HBV)DNA titer were monitored.The HBV DNA negative conversion rate,the rate of intrauterine infection,duration of pregnancy,delivery mode,neonate weight and disability rate were compared between groups.All categorical data were analyzed using the chi-square test and comparison between groups was analyzed by t test.Results In telbivudine group,the HBV DNA level before delivery ([0.20±0.11]lg copy/mL)and 6 weeks after delivery ([0.22±0.13]lg copy/mL) were lower than that before treatment [(6.24±0.75 )lg copy/mL]and the differences were statistically significant (t=303.128 and 301 .321 ,respectively;both P <0.01).The negative conversion rate of HBV DNA in telbivudine group was 28 cases before delivery,while in compound glycyrrhizin group,no one had HBV DNA negative conversion.And statistical significant differences were achieved between these two groups before delivery and 6 weeks after delivery (t = -20.285 and -8.721 ,respectively;both P <0.01).In telbivudine group,the ALT levels before delivery and 6 weeks after delivery were (13.08±5.87) U/L and (25.97 ± 17.48)U/L,respectively,which were significantly decreased compared with that before treatment (205.95± 95.69 )U/L.The differences were statistically significant (t = 93.128 and 81.321, respectively;both P <0.01).In compound glycyrrhizin group,the ALT level before delivery ([104.15 ± 69.15]U/L)was lower than that before treatment ([209.60 ± 102.24]U/L)and the difference was statistically significant (t = 9.281 ,P =0.032).However,the ALT level was fluctuant 6 weeks after delivery (150.26± 86.43)U/L,which was not significantly different from that before treatment (t =2.821 ,P =0.122).The ALT levels before delivery and 6 month after delivery were significantly different in both two groups (t=-2.559 and -3.158,respectively;both P <0.05 ).There were no statistically significant differences between these two groups in the rate of intrauterine infection, duration of pregnancy,delivery mode,neonate weight and disability rate.Conclusion The using of telbivudine for pregnant women with HBeAg negative CHB can effectively control the hepatitis activation and reduce the virus titer.