Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; drug therapy ; virology

Humans ; Torsades de Pointes

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of telbivudine for pregnant women with hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg)negative chronic hepatitis B(CHB). Methods Sixty-two cases of HBeAg negative CHB pregnant women were collected from May 2007 to May 2012,and they were divided into telbivudine group (n=31 ,600 mg per day by oral administration)and compound glycyrrhizin group (n=31 ,120 mg per day by intravenous administration).All neonates were given intramuscular injection of 200 IU hepatitis Bimmune globalin at birth immediately and 15 days after birth,and 20 μg genetically engineered hepatitis B vaccine at 0,1 and 6 months after birth.The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)level and hepatitis B virus (HBV)DNA titer were monitored.The HBV DNA negative conversion rate,the rate of intrauterine infection,duration of pregnancy,delivery mode,neonate weight and disability rate were compared between groups.All categorical data were analyzed using the chi-square test and comparison between groups was analyzed by t test.Results In telbivudine group,the HBV DNA level before delivery ([0.20±0.11]lg copy/mL)and 6 weeks after delivery ([0.22±0.13]lg copy/mL) were lower than that before treatment [(6.24±0.75 )lg copy/mL]and the differences were statistically significant (t=303.128 and 301 .321 ,respectively;both P <0.01).The negative conversion rate of HBV DNA in telbivudine group was 28 cases before delivery,while in compound glycyrrhizin group,no one had HBV DNA negative conversion.And statistical significant differences were achieved between these two groups before delivery and 6 weeks after delivery (t = -20.285 and -8.721 ,respectively;both P <0.01).In telbivudine group,the ALT levels before delivery and 6 weeks after delivery were (13.08±5.87) U/L and (25.97 ± 17.48)U/L,respectively,which were significantly decreased compared with that before treatment (205.95± 95.69 )U/L.The differences were statistically significant (t = 93.128 and 81.321, respectively;both P <0.01).In compound glycyrrhizin group,the ALT level before delivery ([104.15 ± 69.15]U/L)was lower than that before treatment ([209.60 ± 102.24]U/L)and the difference was statistically significant (t = 9.281 ,P =0.032).However,the ALT level was fluctuant 6 weeks after delivery (150.26± 86.43)U/L,which was not significantly different from that before treatment (t =2.821 ,P =0.122).The ALT levels before delivery and 6 month after delivery were significantly different in both two groups (t=-2.559 and -3.158,respectively;both P <0.05 ).There were no statistically significant differences between these two groups in the rate of intrauterine infection, duration of pregnancy,delivery mode,neonate weight and disability rate.Conclusion The using of telbivudine for pregnant women with HBeAg negative CHB can effectively control the hepatitis activation and reduce the virus titer.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of combined usage of expanding coronal decompressive craniectomy and sequential dural incision for treating severe bilateral frontal contusion (SBFC).Methods Forty-three patients with SBFC were randomly divided by sequential single day after hospitalization into two groups.Observation group(23 cases) treated with expanding coronal decompressive craniectomy and sequential dural incision.Control group (20 cases) treated with standard hemicraniectomy and routine dural incision.ResultsThe occurrence rate of acute cephalocele was significantly lower in observation group [ 17.4％(4/23) ] than that in control group [ 55.0％(11/20) ] (P ＜ 0.05).According to Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score of six-month observation after operation,17 cases(73.9％,17/23) of observation group got favourable recovery or moderate deficit,other 6 cases(26.1％,6/23) got severe deficit,persistent vegetative status or death.While only 8 cases(40.0％,8/20) got favourable recovery or moderate deficit,12 cases ( 60.0％,12/20 ) got severe deficit,persistent vegetative status or death in control group.The rate of favourable recovery and moderate deficit of two groups had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionCombination application of expanding coronal decompressive craniectomy and sequential dural incision is an effective method to treat patients with SBFC,and can obviously improve the rate of successful rescue and decrease the rate of mortality and disability.

This article is aimed to study the optimal process of preparation of Golden water-soluble gel, and to establish its quality control method. Taking the gel forming properties, stability, water loss rate, pH as investigation index, the best extraction process was screened by single factor and orthogonal test design. TLC method was used to identify the product of trichosanthin, rhubarb, and the content of paeoniflorin was determined by HPLC method. The optimal condition of preparation process is to use 1% carbomer as gel matrix, 10% glycerol as humectants, and 0.5%triethanolamine as pH modulators; trichosanthes and rhubarb could be detected by TLC method, with pH range 5.00 - 5.15. The linear range of paeoniflorin was 29.04-945.20μg·mL-1, the average recovery was 98.80%, and RSD was 2.91% (n=9). Golden gel forming process is simple and quality controllable with reliability and good stability.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG)positron-emission temography/computed tomography (PET/CT) examination to predict microvascular invasion (MVI) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods The retrospective cohort study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 51 HCC patients who were admitted to Changhai Hospital of the Second Military Medical University (32 patients) and Universal Medical Imaging Diagnostic Center (19 patients) from January 2013 to October 2017 were collected.Of 51 patients receiving postoperative pathological examination,21 diagnosed with positive MVI and 30 diagnosed with negative MVI were respectively allocated into the positive and negative MVI groups.All the patients received preoperative 1s F-FDG PET/CT examination and underwent surgery after related examinations.Two imaging doctors independently read films and made a semi-quantitative analysis.Observation indicators:(1) results of 18F-FDG PET/CT examination;(2) multivariate analysis and diagnostic value affecting MVI of HCC;(3) treatment and follow-up.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect the postoperative patients' survival up to November 2017.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as (x)±s,and comparisons between groups were evaluated with the independent-sample t test.Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (Qn),and comparisons between groups were analyzed using the independent-sample rank sum test.Comparisons of count data were analyzed using the chisquare test.Logistic regression analysis was performed in variables with statistical significance.The inclusion criteria was 0.05 and exclusion criteria was 0.10 according to Backward (LR) method for screening variables.Receiver Operating Characeristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic value using MVI as a diagnostic standard.Results (1) Results of 18F-FDG PET/CT examination:of 51 HCC patients,tumors located in the right lobe,left lobe and caudate lobe of the liver were respectively detected in 37,12 and 2 patients.CT examinations of 51 HCC patients:HCCs showed the hypodense shadow or slightly hypodense shadow in liver and were round-like,and some of the larger lesions were irregularly conglomerate,with a relatively clear tumor-liver boundary;tumor necrosis area showed patchy and irregular lower density,with small lesions around the port of tumors.Of 51 patients,34 were positive on PET and 17 were negative on PET,and some necrotic areas showed no uptake and located in the center of tumors.There was no abnormal 18 F-FDG uptake in other parts of the whole body.The maximum diameter of tumor was (6± 3)cm.The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax),and ratio of SUVmax of tumor to SUVmax of liver (SUVmax T/L) in all the lesions were 6.38±4.91 and 2.42±1.93,respectively.The mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean),metabolism of volume (MTV),total lesion of glycolysis (TLG) of 40 patients were 4.30± 2.46,43.82 cm3 (8.97 cm3,219.13 cm3) and 165.73 (28.26,794.50),respectively,and software could not automatically delineate lesions in other 11 patients due to low metabolism.Delayed imaging was found in 21 patients,and the delayed SUVmax and retention index (RI) were 7.22±6.26,19.66％ (-7.10％,50.84％),respectively.The cases with positive and negative on PET were 18,3 in the positive MVI group and 16,14 in the negative MVI group,respectively,with a statistically significant difference between groups (x2=5.829,P＜0.05).The maximum diameter of tumor in the positive MVI group and negative MVI group was respectively (7.7±2.9)cm and (5.2±3.1)cm,with a statistically significant difference between groups (t=-2.930,P＜0.05).(2) Multivariate analysis and diagnostic value affecting MVI of HCC:the results of multivariate analysis showed that maximum diameter of tumor was an independent factor affecting MVI of HCC (OR=1.276,95％ confidence interval:1.028-1.585,P＜0.05).The area under the ROC curve of the maximum diameter of tumor was 0.723 using MVI as a diagnostic standard.The sensitivity,specificity and Youden index were respectively 90.5％,50.0％ and 0.405,with 4.55 cm as the critical value.(3) Treatment and followup:all 51 patients underwent tumor resection.Twenty-two patients were followed up for 25 months (range,12-46 months).The 1-and 2-year overall survival rates were 81.8％ (18/22) and 63.6％ (14/22),respectively.The 1-and 2-year tumor-free survival rates were 59.1％ (13/22) and 45.5％ (10/22),respectively.Conclusion The positive rate on PET of 18F-FDG PET/CT examination in HCC patients with positive MVI is higher than that in HCC patients with negative MVI,and the maximum diameter of tumor is an independent factor predicting MVI of HCC,with a certainly reference value.

ObjectiveTo determine the syndrome of a rat model of follicular dysplasia induced by Tripterygium glycosides based on prescriptions and investigate the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine intervention via the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）/hypoxia-inducible factor-1 （HIF-1）/vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） pathway. MethodForty-eight rats with regular estrous cycles were randomly assigned into a normal group （n=8） and a modeling group （n=40）. The rats in the modeling group were administrated with Tripterygium glycoside suspension （75 mL·kg^-1） by gavage for 30 days. The modeled rats were assigned into model， Siwutang （3.69 g·kg^-1）， Youguiyin （3.11 g·kg^-1）， Zuoguiyin （7.29 g·kg^-1）， and Guishenwan （10.35 g·kg^-1） groups， with 8 rats in each group. The drug intervention lasted for 14 days. The changes of estrous cycle were detected by Pap staining， and a stereoscope was used to observe the morphology of the ovarian tissue. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to observe the pathological changes and follicle count in the ovarian tissue. Enzyme-related immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to measure the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）， luteinizing hormone （LH）， and estradiol （E₂） in the serum. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were employed to determine the mRNA and protein levels， respectively， of AMPK， mTOR， HIF-1， and VEGF in the ovarian tissue. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group had a disordered estrous cycle， reduced secondary and mature follicles， increased atretic follicles， elevated FSH and LH levels， lowered E₂ level， up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of AMPK， and down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of mTOR， HIF-1， and VEGF （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Guishenwan increased secondary and mature follicles， decreased atretic follicles， lowered the FSH and LH levels， elevated the E₂ level， down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of AMPK， and up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of mTOR， HIF-1， and VEGF （P<0.01）. Compared with Guishenwan group， Siwutang， Youguiyin， and Zuoguiyin decreased mature follicles， increased atretic follicles （P<0.01）， elevated the LH （P<0.01） and FSH （P<0.05） levels， and lowered the E₂ level （P<0.05）. In addition， Youguiyin up-regulated the protein level of AMPK （P<0.05） and down-regulated the mRNA levels of mTOR and HIF-1 （P<0.01） as well as the mRNA and protein levels of VEGF （P<0.01）. Siwutang down-regulated the mRNA levels of mTOR and HIF-1 as well as the mRNA and protein levels of VEGF （P<0.05）. Zuoguiyin down-regulated the mRNA level of mTOR and the protein and mRNA levels of VEGF （P<0.05）. ConclusionGuishenwan may improve the ovarian function and promote follicle maturation in a rat model of follicular dysplasia by inhibiting the AMPK/mTOR/HIF-1/VEGF pathway， with the therapeutic effect superior to Zuoguiyin， Youguiyin， and Siwutang. It was hypothesized that this model presented the syndrome of kidney-essence deficiency.