Objective To investigate the effects of propofol on learning and amnesia in the old miceMethods The normal Kunming mice were trained in a one-trial, step-through, light-dark passive avoidance paradigm Propofol (50 or 100 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 15 min before training ,and propofol (100 or 200 mg/kg) separately 30 min and 6 h in the immediate post-training period The latency of escaping into a darkened chamber and the wrong number of entering darkened chamber were recorded Animals were tested for recall at 24th h post-training time The activity of acetyltransferase was determined with radiommunoassay in the brain 3h after administrationResults All control animals were liable to learn the task as judged by their increased latencies to enter the darkened chamber at 24th h post-training time After administration with propofol 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg, the latencies were reduced (246 and 208,repectively), compared with control (P

Objective To determine the changes in brain dopamine transporter and serotonin transporter in mice receiving propofol anesthesia, 125I-?-CIT binding was studied.Methods Twenty-seven Kunming mice ,weighing 18-22g ,were randomly assigned to receive either intraperitoneal propofol 100 mg/kg (n=9) or 200 mg/kg(n=9) or 10% intralipid (used as control,n=9) in equal liquid volume respectively. 10 min after intraperitoneal administration, 0.1ml 2?Ci 125I-?-CIT was given intravenously via the tail vein. Two hours later animals were decapitated. Brains were rapidly removed and dissected on ice and cerebellum, hypothalamus, striatum and cerebral cortex were separated. Brain tissues were weighed and the radioactivity of 125I-?-CIT in different brain regions was measured.Results 125I-?-CIT binding to dopamine transporter or serotonin transporter decreased significantly in propofol groups as compared with that in control group. The decrease in binding was greater in 200 mg/kg propofol group (P

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between the expression of ET, the content of DNA and prognosis in primary lung cancer. Methods: The expressions of ET and the contents of DNA in 66 cancer specimens of different pathological grades were studied by immunohistochemistry and image - analysis technique, all cases were followed up more than 2 years. Results: The positive rate of ET in lung cancer was 73%, which was significantly higher than that in benign bronchial disease (P0.05). The content of DNA in the positive group of ET was significantly higher than that in the negative group (P

Objective To examine the effects of aerobic exercise on muscle morphology,oxidation resistance,energy metabolism,mitochondrial biogenesis-related signal transduction pathway molecules,and energy metabolism-related enzyme proteins expression in aged rats and to explore the molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle aging and aerobic exercise intervention.Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into a normal group,a model group,and an exercise group,with the latter two groups receiving a subcutaneous injection of 10％ D-galactose(0.1 mg · g-1 · d-1)for 10 weeks.Then aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacity of each group were tested by treadmill;the cross-sectional area of rats' gastrocnemius was examined via light microscopy;levels of serum superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity and malondialdehyde(MDA) were determined by spectrophotometry;serumβ Galase levels were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA);levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP),adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in gastrocnemius tissue were measured by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) ultraviolet detection;expression levels of mitochondrial biosynthesis-related signal transduction molecules(such as p38MAPK,CaMK Ⅱ,PGC-1α,MEF2C,COXⅣ and ATPase) were tested by real-time RT-PCR.Results Compared with the normal group,the model group's cross-sectional area of muscle fibers,serum SOD activity,ATP content,and EC values all markedly decreased,while serum MDA,β Galase,AMP content in skeletal muscle significantly increased(all P ＜0.05).Levels of mRNA expression of CaMK Ⅱ,MEF2C,ATPascβ,COXIV,and PCG-1 alpha in model rats notably decreased(all P＜0.05),whereas mRNA expression levels of P38MAPK significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,aerobic exercise increased the cross-sectional area of muscle fibers(P＜0.01)and serum SOD activity (P ＜ 0.05),reduced serum MDA content (P ＜ 0.01),clearly increased CaMK Ⅱ and ATPaseβ％ mRNA expression(both P ＜ 0.01),and reduced the expression of P38MAPK mRNA (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Aerobic exercise can improve the activity of SOD,reduce the accumulation of oxygen free radicals,resist oxidation damage,correct the abnormal activity of P38MAPK,and promote the expression of mitochondrial biosynthesis-related signal molecules,such as CaMK Ⅱ,PCG-1 alpha,and MEF2C,thus boosting the expression and activity of energy metabolism enzyme protein COX Ⅳ,ATPase,promoting energy metabolism,improving the production of ATP,and slowing down the ageing process of the body and skeletal muscle.

Objective:To study the effect of magnetism-medicine bag navel therapy on the immunological function of mice with splenasthenic diarrhea.Method:Forty KUN MING mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:negative control group,splenasthenic diarrhea model group,magnetism-medicine bag navel therapy group,false magnetism-medicine bag navel therapy group.The index of thymus,the index of spleen and the cabon clear index(?)of cabon clear test of the mice were determined.Result:The mice spleen index,thymus index and the cabon clear index(?) of cabon clear test of the magnetism-medicine bag navel therapy group increased significantly than those of the splenasthenic diarrhea model group(P

Objective: To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen(HB0_2) on black pigmented bacteroides groups(BPB), obligately and facultatively anaerobes of periodontitis. Methods: 60 periodontitis cases were divided into 2 groups. The HB0_2 group(gingival scaling was done at the first visit)was exposed in 0.25 MPa pure oxygen 90 minutes each day, and treated 10 days continuously. The control group received gingival scaling at the first visit. The clinical indices of each group were measured. The microorganisms in periodontal pocket were incubated and analyzed. The number of subgingival anaerobes as well as the number of BPB,obligately and facultatively anaerobes were measured and counted by routine anaerobic culture. Results: Highly significant differences in Gingival Indices (GI), Probing Depth (PD), Attachment Loss (AL), and also significant differences in Plaque Index (PLI),and teeth mobility were seen between the HB0_2 group and the control group. There were significant difference of PLI, GI,PD,AL, teeth mobility in HB0_2 group pre-therapy and post-therapy. There were significant difference of subgingival anaerobes amounts, obligately and facultatively anaerobes sorts between pre-therapy and post-therapy. The positive rate of BPB of group HB0_2 post-therapy were reduced more than that of pre-therapy(P<0.01). Conclusion: HB0_2 has beneficial therapeutic effects on chronic and aggressive periodontitis. The mechanism of the HB0_2 therapy might inhibit the growth of subgingival obligately and facultatively anaerobes and BPB of human periodontitis, especially the obligately anaerobes and BPB in periodontal pockets.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of recipes for replenishing qi and activating blood on p16, p21, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D1 and cyclin E gene expressions in the liver of aging rats. METHODS: A recipe for replenishing qi and a recipe for activating blood were administered to aging rats respectively, and the effects of the above recipes on the expressions of senescence related genes (p16, p21, PCNA, cyclin D1 and cyclin E) were examined by RT-PCR and Western blotting methods. RESULTS: The expressions of p16, p21 and cyclin D1 mRNAs and proteins in the liver of the untreated aging rats were up-regulated, while the expressions of PCNA and cyclin E mRNAs and proteins decreased. As compared with the untreated aging rats, both recipes could down-regulate the expressions of cyclin D1 mRNA and protein and up-regulate the expressions of cyclin E mRNA and protein, but had no obvious effects on the expressions of mRNAs and proteins of p16, p21 and PCNA. CONCLUSION: Recipes for replenishing qi and activating blood can improve the liver cell proliferation of aging rats via down-regulating the expressions of cyclin D1 mRNA and protein and up-regulating the expressions of cyclin E mRNA and protein.

Objective To explore the effect of dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine for continuous lumbar plexus block on the quality of early recovery in patients undergoing total hip ar-throplasty.Methods Sixty patients (35 males and 25 females)with ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ, aged 65-84 years,undergoing total hip replacement were randomly assigned to dexmedetomidine com-bined with ropivacaine group (group D)or ropivacaine group (group C).All patients received ropiva-caine which was administered via continuous lumbar plexus block as patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)after surgery.The PCA were programmed with a background infusion 8 ml/h of ropivacaine, bolus dose was 4 m1 and the block time was 30 min;the patients in group C received 0.2% ropiva-caine,and the patients in group D received 0.1% ropivaciane combined with 1 μg/ml of dexmedeto-midine by the way of intravenous infusion.In addition,all patients received another patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA)with 1 mg/ml of morphine for relieving the explosive pain.The PCIA was programmed with a lobus dose of morphine 1 mg without background dose,the block time was 5 min.Consumption of morphine and visual analog scale (VAS)score,muscle strength and maximum flexion and abduction of hip joint were recorded at the time points of 6,12,24 and 48 h after opera-tion.The side-effect reactions such as nausea,vomiting,drowsiness and itching were recorded.The sleep quality was assessed with Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI)on day 1 before operation,day 1 and day 7 after operation.Results The consumption of morphine in group D was significantly fewer than group C (P <0.05).Compared with group C,muscle strength and maximum flexion and abduc-tion of hip joint in group D were increased at 6,12,24 and 48 h after operation (P <0.05 ).PSQI scores were decreased on the day 1 and day 7 after operation.The incidence of delirium,nausea and vomiting,drowsiness and itching in group D were decreased (P <0.05).Conclusion 0.1% ropiva-ciane continuous lumbar plexus block combined with 1 μg/ml of dexmedetomidine by the way of in-travenous infusion could provide satisfied analgesia for the operation of total hip arthroplasty;the sleep quality is improved,the functional exercise of hip joint is promoted.

The purpose of education is to cultivate talents who can master the ability of self-learning lifelong. With the rapid development of multimedia technology, the knowledge carrier represented by micro curriculum plays a very important role in improving students' self-learning ability. In traditional Chinese medicine college, due to the short of time, weak learning foundation, the ability of self-learning is hard to improve in the modern medical courses such as biochemistry. This is not conducive to the cultivation of modern talents of Chinese medicine. In this paper, we chose the biochemistry teaching in TCM college as an example, and discuss how we can make the application of micro courses reasonably in the teaching process. This study was regarded as a starting to improve the students' self-learning ability effectively.

Objective To compare the efficacy of continuous lumbar plexus block (LPB) with different concentrations of dexmedetomidine added to ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia in elderly patients undergoing hip replacement.Methods Sixty elderly patients of both sexes,aged 65-85 yr,weighing 50-71 kg,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ,scheduled for elective total hip replacement,were divided into 2 groups (n =30 each) using a random number table:0.5 μg/ml dexmedetomidine+0.1％ ropivacaine group (group D1) and 1.0 μg/ml dexmedetomidine + 0.1％ ropivacaine group (group D2).Lumbar-sacral plexus block combined with general anesthesia was used.At the end of operation,LPB pump was started and set up to deliver a 4 ml bolus dose with a 30 min lockout interval and background infusion at a rate of 8 ml/h.The analgesia solution contained 0.5 μg/ml dexmedetomidine and 0.1％ ropivacaine in group D1 and 1.0 μg/ml dexmedetomidine and 0.1％ ropivacaine in group D2.Postoperative analgesia lasted for 48 h,and the visual analogue scale score was maintained ≤ 3.Patientcontrolled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) pump was connected when break-through pain happened.PCIA solution contained morphine 50 mg diluted to 50 ml in 0.9％ sodium chloride.PCIA pump was set up to deliver a 1 ml bolus dose with a 5 min lockout interval and no background infusion.When the visual analogue scale score ＞3,the patient-controlled LPB pump was used first,and 15 min later if analgesia was still ineffective,PCIA pump was applied.The number of patients in whom analgesia was effective and occurrence of adverse reactions were recorded.Results Compared with group D1,the rate of effective analgesia was significantly increased,and the incidence of nausea,vomiting and pruritus was decreased in group D2 (P＜ 0.05).No bradycardia,hypotension,over-sedation,respiratory depression,urinary retention or local skin infection was found in the two groups.Conclusion Continuous LPB with 1.0 μg/ml dexmedetomidine added to 0.1％ ropivacaine provides better efficacy for postoperative analgesia in elderly patients undergoing hip replacement.