Objective To study the difference and sense of B cell epitope of S protein HBV genotype B and genotype C. Methods Search for amino acid sequence of S protein of HBV genotype C and genotype B from GcnBank for international network and forecast B cell epitope of S protein of HBV genotype band genotype C by DNAStar Bio-software and by Kolaskear-tongaonaka method through the international network. Results There are five B cell epitopes about amino acid of S protein of HBV genotype B and three HBV genotype C and antigenic index (1. 0798) of amino acid of S protein of HBV genotype B is higher than that of HBV genotype C (1. 0729). Conclusion Human hepatitis B genotype C is easier to develop chronic hepatitis than that of Human hepatitis B genotype B, It may be related with the fact that there arc fewer B cell epitopes and lower antigenic index about S protein in hu-man hepatitis B genotype C than that in human hepatitis B genotype B.

Objective To study the clinical features and pathology of renal damage in patients with MPA. Method The clinical pathological changes of 23 MPA patients were analyzed and the patients with positive ANCA were compared with those with negative ANCA. Results Most MPA patients were senile and male with the symptoms of lung damage, pleuritis, arthritis and myalgia as well as extrarenal symptoms such as fever, weight-loss, and anorexia. 65.2% of the patients were ANCA (+). Symptoms of renal function damage were hematuria and proteinuria, which could be found in all the patients. Different degree of renal damage could be detected. Glomerular cresent formation, which were mostly fibrous, could be found in all of the 23 patients. Half of the patients have tuft necrosis and interstitial vessel vasculitis. Conclusion MPA patients often have extrarenal symptoms besides renal function damage. Patients with positive ANCA differs from patients with negative ANCA in both clinical manifestation and kidney pathology.

Objective To investigate changes of family parenting styles after the reforn and opening in China and its influence on mental health.Methods On the base of stratified convenience sampling,a valid sample of 429 were recruited from Wuxi and Hefei city residents:1960s group 103 persons,1970s group 107 persons,1980s group 116 persons,and 1990s group 103 persons.Subjects' childhood parenting styles were surveyed with the family upbringing style questionnaire(FUSQ) and their current mental health status was rated with the psychological symptom inventory-100 (PSI-100).Results (1) Except understanding-blame,and expects-demanding,and mother respect-humiliation and mother warmth-wildness,there were significant age differences on other parenting styles (P＜ 0.05),their scores were gradually increased from 1960s group ((38.29± 6.30)-(44.99± 7.36)) to 1980s group ((40.96±6.05)-(48.53±7.91)),1990s group declined((40.13±7.27)-(46.97±6.61)).(2) Most parenting style dimensions were significantly negatively correlated with symptom total score (r=0.095-0.308) and mental symptom scores (r=0.090-0.330).(3) The family parenting styles had significantly effects on the symptom total score (explained variance of 20.3％) and mental symptom scores (explained variance of 12.4％-21.5％).Conclusion There have been some positive,open and scientific changes on the family parenting styles after the reform and opening in China,childhood family parenting styles have long-term effects on mental health of youth and adult.

Objective:To investigate the cellular immunological regulation mechanism of Zhongjiling tablet on the myasthenia gravis(MG) patients.Methods:The myasthenia gravis patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, the curing group and the control group, 30 cases per group. Patients of curing group administered Zhongjiling tablet and prednisone placebo, patients of control group administered prednisone tablet and Zhongjiling tablet placebo. Course of treatment was 12 weeks. The distribution of T lymphocyte subgroup of myasthenia gravis patients was detected by flow cytometry. The content of IFN-?, IL-4 and TGF-? of the patients’ peripheral blood mononuclear in vitro were detected by ELISA kits.Results:After treatment, CD4+T cell percentage and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ decreased significantly(P0.05). The IFN-? and IL-4 of treating group depressed, compared with that of pre-treatment, significant difference exited(P

Objectives To systematically evaluate the effect of music given to pregnant rats on the development of brain functions in the offspring rats and to provide scientific evidence for the application of antenatal musical training and the promotion of welfare for laboratory animals.Methods We comprehensively retrieved and collected the research literatures related to the effect of music on brain function development in offsprings of the pregnant rats from Pubmed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Wanfang,Weipu,CNKI and CBMdisc.The retrieval time was set from the foundation date of databases to 2 April,2016.We selected literatures according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,evaluated their utilities,then extracted and qualitatively described the data.Results Seven experimental studies were selected in this study including 4 published in Chinese and 3 in English.The object laboratory animals of those studies were Wistar or SD rats.Music materials involved comfort music,classic music,violin concerto(Liangzhu/The butterfly lovers).Intervention were given to the pregnant rats roundly from the gestation until parturition.These results showed that,to some extent,music stimulations during gestation may promote the development of brain function and improve spatial memory of the offspring rats.However,expressions of some functional receptors were not significantly altered.Conclusions Appropriate music provided to the pregnant rats promote the development of brain functions in their offspring.

The pathogenesy of diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN) is approached according to collaterals diseases theory in this study,indicated that defi ciency of both vital energy and yin is the chief pathologic foundation and obstruction of collaterals by blood stasis and phlegm is the critical element in DPN.Furthermore,highlight of differentiation of symptoms and signs,therapeutic principle and diagnosis and treatment based on differentiation are illuminated.This study has supplied a new idea for precaution and treatment of DPN.

Objective To estimate the clinical value of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP)performed on the elderly patients aged 80 years and over with osteoporotic vertebral fractures.Methods Since January 2000, 19 patients aged 80 years and over were treated with PVP, and 17 patients from 60 to 79 years old underwent percutancous kyphoplasty (PKP). Visual analogue scale (VAS) was tested preoperatively and 1 to 7 days, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after operation. The time of radiation, volume of bone cement injection and hospital charges were compared betwecn two procedures. Results Over the 2-year follow-up, there were no significant differences in analgesia effects between thc two groups (P＞0.05). The radiation time of PVP and PKP was (107±37)s and (151±76)s respectively (t=2.24, P＜0.05). The hospital charges of PVP and PKP were ￥(16 124±5850) and ￥(34 265±6655) respectively (t=9.26,P＜0.01). Conclusions PVP is better than PKP for treating osteoporotic compression fractures in the elderly patients over 80 years, because of the former's simplicity and efficiency.

AIM: To observe the different changes of neuroendocrine systems between the state of sport fatigue and poverty of movement. METHODS: 60 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group, sport fatigue model group and poverty of movement model group (20 rats in each group). The sport fatigue model was established by the method of combining basal diet and loaded swimming during 2 weeks, whereas the method of restricted activities was used to establish the poverty of movement model with total experimental time of 10 weeks. By the end of experiment, the climbing pole time was determined. The contents of hypothalamus thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), and serum norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) in rats with different treatments were determined by ELISA. In addition, the changes of hypothalamus corticotropin release hormone (CRH), pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and serum corticosterone (CORT), triiodothyronine (T_3), tetraiodothyronine (T_4) were determined by radioimmunoassay to evaluate the functions of adrenergic nerve-adrenomedullin system, hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. RESULTS: Compared to control group, the climbing pole time of the animals was obviously decreased in two model group. The adrenergic nerve-adrenomedullin system and HPA axis were inhibited in sport fatigue model rats, but HPT axis was unchanged. Interestingly, the HPA axis was hyperfunctional and HPT axis was inhibited in poverty of movement model rats. However, no change in the adrenergic nerve-adrenomedullin system was observed. CONCLUSION: Sport fatigue and poverty of movement all affect neuroendocrine system and lead to the adjustment mechanism imbalance, but the target and tendency are different.

Objective: The study was designed to evaluate the changes and significance of circulating CD4~+CD25~+ and CD8~+CD28~- regulatory T cells (Tregs) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).Methods:CD4~+CD25~+ and CD8~+CD28~-Tregs in peripheral blood of 38 patients with MM and of 20 healthy doners were measured by flow cytometry.Serum albumin and β_2-MG in patients with MM were measured using bromocresol green method,transmission turbidimetry respectively.Results:Compared to those of the controls,the proportions of CD4~+CD25~(+/high),CD4~+CD25~(high) CD127~(low) and CD8~+CD28~-Treg cells in newly diagnosed MM patients were elevated.Furthermore,the proportions of CD4~+CD25~(high) and CD4~+CD25~(high)CD127~(low) Tregs in each clinical stage were elevated when compared to those of the controls.The number of the Tregs were increasing with clinical stages and were significantly higher in stage Ⅲ MM than in stageⅠ MM;In stageⅡand Ⅲ MM,there were also elevated proportions of CD8~+CD28~- Tregs,increasing with clinical stages.However,there were no differences when compared between stage Ⅰ MM and the controls;Both the proportions of CD4~+CD25~(+/high) and CD4~+CD25~(high)CD127~(low) Tregs in active MM were not different from stable MM,although all of them were higher than those of controls.The proportion of CD8~+CD28~- Tregs was higher in active MM than in stable MM and controls,but there were no differences when compared between active and stable MM.The proportions of both CD4~+CD25~(high) Tregs and CD4~+CD25~(high)CD127~(low)Tregs had negative correlation with the levels of serum albumin.Conclusion:MM patients have elevated levels of circulating CD4~+CD25~+ and CD8~+CD28~-Tregs,which may be an important mechanism of MM immune evasion,and may be associated with clinical stages,disease progression and prognosis of MM to some extent.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels and infection sites,as well as between PCT and bacterial species in gram negative (G-) bacteria induced sepsis,so as to provide rationale for therapeutic strategy of using antibiotic in sepsis.Methods The data of patients with sepsis admitted in Emergency Department and ICU from January 2014 to June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.The blood culture of G-bacteria and PCT detection were carried out simultaneously within 24 hours after admission.The clinical data was analyzed to find out the correlation between PCT levels and infection sites,as well as between PCT levels and pathogenic bacterial species.Results A total of 187 specimens (came from 162 patients) were enrolled in the study with a median age of 70 years old and a median sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score of 4.PCT levels were found to be associated with bacterial species.PCT level caused by Escherichia coli bacteremia infection was higher than that caused by Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia and Burkholderia cepacia bacteremia infection (4.62 ng/mL vs.2.44 ng/mL;4.62 ng/mL vs.0.81 ng/mL;P ＜ 0.05).Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) for PCT was 0.61 to discriminate Escherichia coli infection from Acinetobacter baumannii infection and an AUC was 0.66 to discriminate Escherichia coli infection from Burkholderia cepacia infection.When the cutoff point of PCT was 30.32 ng/mL,it could predict Escherichia coli infection rather than Acinetobacter baumannii infection with 94.10％ specificity,90.00％ positive predictive value and positive likelihood ratio for 4.24.When the cutoff point of PCT was 8.01 ng/mL,it could predict Escherichia coli infection rather than Burkholderia cepacia infection with 85.70％ specificity,93.94％ positive predictive value,and positive likelihood ratio for 3.01.When PCT cutoff value reached 47.31 ng/mL,the specificity and positive predictive value were both 100.00％.PCT level caused by urinary tract infection was higher than that caused by pulmonary infection (11.58 ng/mL vs.2.07 ng/mL,P ＜ 0.05),and the AUC was 0.69.When the cutoff point of PCT was 32.11 ng/mL,it could predict Escherichia coli infection rather than Acinetobacter baumannii infection with 90.60％ specificity,86.18％ negative predictive value and positive likelihood ratio for 3.68.Conclusions PCT elevation in G-bacteria induced sepsis might be associated with infection sites and bacterial species.