0.05. CONCLUSION:Kaixin Powder could enhance VD rats' memory; while Tacrine could enhance VD rats' learning; Kaixin Powder could enhance VD rats' learning and memory as well as Tacrine. Tacrine could down-regulate AChE mRNA expression in hippocampus of VD rats,further studies are needed to elucidate the effects of Kaixin Powder on memory performance in VD rats.

Objective To investigate effects of driving fatigue on auditory involuntary attention.Method Between-groups design was used.The control group included 13 taxi drivers after adequate rest while the fatigue group included 13 taxi drivers who had been driving for 10 h.Auditory oddball pattern was adopted.The standard stimulus was 800 Hz,probability 80%;target stimulus was 1 000 Hz,probability 10%;novel stimulus was sound generated by computer or other sound,probability 10%.Subjects were asked to press the mouse upon hearing the target sound.Result The distribution of P3a was mainly around the frontal-central area of the subjects in control group;the amplitude of P3a was evidently lowered in subjects after driving fatigue.Conclusion The ability of auditory involuntary attention declines after driving fatigue.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of transurethral pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy via outer sheath of ureterorenoscope for bladder calculi. Methods From March 2003 to May 2007, 32 patients with bladder calculi were treated by transurethral pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy via outer sheath of ureterorenoscope. Results The operation was completed in all the patients without conversion to open surgery. Transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) was carried out on 22 patients who were complicated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Four patients received cystotrachelotomy because of bladder-neck contracture, and 4 underwent dilation of the urethra owning to urethral stenosis. Simple pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy was performed on two patients. The operation time was 25 to 90 minutes with a mean of (45?25) minutes. No patient had residual stones or perforation of bladder. One patient developed urethral stenosis after the operation. Conclusions Transurethral pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy via outer sheath of ureterorenoscope is a safe, less traumatic treatment for patients with bladder calculi with few complications. The method is especially suitable for patients with BPH.

Objective To investigate the current work situation of senior clinical nurses to provide some advices for the nursing management .Methods The self-made questionnaires were adopted to investigate the work situation of 60 senior nurses for conduc-ting the descriptive analysis .Results The senior nurses′ satisfaction degrees to the professional self -identity ,the chief nurse′s scheduling ,the current work environment ,the approval by hospital and the emphasis degree by the department were not high .They thought that the suitable position for them was the office nurse and the second was the responsibility group leader .Whereas ,the un-dertaking key post at present was the responsibility group leader and the second was the office nurse .Conclusion Due to the partic-ularity of nursing work and the physiological and psychological change ,the senior nurses are unsuitable to the busy front -line work ;the senior clinical nurses have the rich clinical experience ,the stronger communicational and organizational coordination abili-ty ,and are more suitable for the posts of the office nurse and health education nurse ,and second is the post of responsibility group leader .

Objective To search for the anticancer active substance from Caesalpinia sappan wood extractions. Methods Crude extracts were extracted from Caesalpinia sappan wood with different solvents.Liquid chromatography was applied to analyze the content of each essential component in the extraction fractions. Trypan blue exclusion test was performed to detect the growth suppression rate of human bladder carcinoma cell line T24 treated by the extraction fractions at different time course (20,40,60,80,100 min).The main component positively correlated with the cell suppression rate was separated out using repeated chromatography, thus the anticancer active monomer was obtained, with purity over 98 ％. The chemical constitution was determined using NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), mass spectrum and infrared spectrum methods. T24 cell line, human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3, mice sarcoma S180 and hepatic carcinoma H22 cell were chosen as target subjects, with mitomycin, hydroxycamptothecin as positive control drug, the inhibitory activity of the monomer was tested by trypan blue chromophobia method. Results Among the extraction fractions, R12 has a positive correlation with the cell suppression rate (r100 min=0.941, P＜0.001).Brazilin is the key component in R12.The inhibition rate of brazilin could reach 90.89 ％,98.65 ％,99.82 ％ and 100.00 ％ on T24,SKOV3,S180 and H22 respectively in 40 min at the concentration of 1.2 mg/ml,and its effect is much superior to that of the control drug mitomycin and hydroxycamptothecin. Conclusion Brazilin is one of the essential anticancer principles in Caesalpinia sappan wood.

Objective To investigate the risk factors associated with delayed encephalopathy (DE)occurrence in carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning.Methods The clinical data of 249 patients with CO poisoning were retrospectively reviewed.Potential risk factors associated with occurrence of DE,including gender,age,duration of exposure to CO,time interval between onset and arrival in hospital,mental status after onset,oxygen therapy approach,were evaluated by univariate analysis of x2 test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results Age and duration of exposure to CO was significandy related with occurrence of DE in patients with CO poisoning.The occurrence of DE in patients with CO poisoning with age 60-75 years was 3.236 times and 2.119 times as much as that with age 3-17 years and 18-59 years respectively.Occurrence of DE was 4.338 times in patients with duration of exposure to CO ≥12 hours compared to that ＜ 12 hours.Conclusions Age ≥ 60 years and duration of exposure to CO ≥ 12 hours are independent risk factors for developing D E.Old patients have a inclination to develop D E.To evacuate patients from CO environment timely is important for preventing from DE.

Traditional Chinese medicine has accumulated rich experience in treating dysfunction of gastrointestinal peristalsis. In recent years, a large number of studies have been made on the mechanism and effects of traditional Chinese medicines on the gastrointestinal peristalsis, and the concept of "gastrointestinal promoting Chinese medicine" has been advocated. These traditional Chinese medicines can be divided into three types: promoting the gastrointestinal peristalsis, inhibiting the gastrointestinal peristalsis, and bi-directional modulating. The in vivo and/or in vitro experiments showed that some of the traditional Chinese medicines for activating blood or regulating qi could promote the stomach peristalsis, and the traditional Chinese medicines for moistening intestines to relieve constipation or invigorating spleen to promote digestion could accelerate the intestinal peristalsis. The mechanism lies in the neuroregulation and gut-peptide regulation. Further research on multi-regulation and of multi-target should be done, for the mechanism of the traditional Chinese medicines in regulating the gastrointestinal peristalsis is far more complicated.

AIM: To evaluate the changes of serum total prostate specific antigen (T-PSA), free prostate specific antigen (F-PSA) and the ratio of F-PSA to T-PSA (F/T) in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) and its clinical significance. METHODS: The concentrations of T-PSA and F-PSA in serum were measured by micropartical enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) using AxSYM System, and the F/T ratio was calculated. RESULTS: Before operation, the concentrations of T-PSA and F-PSA in patients with PCa were much higher and F/T ratio was significantly lower than that in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). T-PSA and F-PSA levels decreased, but F/T ratio increased after operation in PCa and BPH. F/T ratio in 83.5% PCa and 6.5% BPH was less than 0.16. To diagnosis PCa, the sensitivity of F/T ratio was 83.5%, and the specificity was 86.7%. CONCLUSION: Serum T-PSA, F-PSA and F/T ratio are important parameters for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. [

Objective To compare and analyze the detection situation of common pathogens in child respiratory tract infection in our hospital and to provide the basis for clinical accurate diagnosis and reasonable treatment .Methods A total of 6 032 specimens were collected from the children patients with acute respiratory tract infection in the Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital from January to December 2015 .The immunodot test technology was adopted to detect the 6 kinds of early specific serum antibody IgM of common respiratory pathogens :adenovirus (ADV ) ,influenza virus (IV ) ,parainfluenza (PIV ) ,respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) ,mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and chlamydia pneumonia (CP) .The differences in children infection pat‐terns ,different ages ,seasons and genders were analyzed .Results Among 6 032 specimens ,2 279 cases were positive with the posi‐tive rate of 37 .8% .The positive rates of 6 kinds of respiratory pathogens were in turn 12 .2% for ADV ,9 .6% for IV ,7 .9% for CP ,4 .6% for MP ,3 .0% for RSV and 0 .3% for PIV .The detection rate of respiratory tract pathogens was higher in spring and summer ;age groups of 1-3 years old and 4-6 years old had higher positive detection rate .Conclusion The main common patho‐gen of respiratory tract infection in this hospital is ADV ,followed by IV .Their infection has obvious seasonality .The mycoplasma and chlamydia also are the common pathogens of respiratory tract infection ,which are dominated by MP and CP .

Objective Applying diffusion weighted image (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) to analyze brain injury caused by hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in term neonates.Methods From June 1,2010 to January 5,2011,thirty-eight full term neonates with HIE were hospitalized in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University.Those with nervous system diseases were excluded.The 38 cases were divided to mild HIE group (n=24) and moderate-to-severe HIE group (n=14).The control group included 10 normal full term neonates without history of asphyxia.All babies were scanned by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Spin echo-echo planar imaging sequence was used for DWI images.ADC values of nine regions (frontal lobe gray matter,frontal white matter,parietal gray matter,parietal white matter,corona radiata,caudate nucleus,putamen,posterior limb of the internal capsule and thalamus) were measured.MRI and DWI images were compared.ADC values were compared by analysis of variance and Student-Newman-Keuls test.Results ADC values of the nine indicated regions (frontal lobe gray matter,frontal white matter,parietal gray matter,parietal white matter,corona radiata,caudate nucleus,putamen,posterior limb of the internal capsule and thalamus) were (1.37±0.07),(1.81±0.12),(1.35±0.10),(1.84±0.09),(1.23±0.11),(1.28±0.09),(1.18±0.08),(1.05±0.07) and (1.15±0.08) ×10-3 mm2/s in control group,(1.28±0.11),(1.60±0.15),(1.27±0.09),(1.59±0.20),(1.19±0.15),(1.19±0.13),(1.11±0.09),(0.97±0.11) and (1.06±0.12) ×10-3 mm2/s in mild HIE group,and (1.18±0.14),(1.51±0.22),(1.19±0.09),(1.56±0.19),(1.03±0.16),(1.08±0.07),(1.02±0.07),(0.87±0.09) and (0.96±0.12) × 10-3 mm2/s in moderate-to-severe HIE group.ADC values among the three groups had statistical difference (F=3.89,3.21,4.05,3.30,3.28,3.27,4.12,4.75and 4.72,all P＜0.05).ADC values of frontal lobe gray matter,frontal white matter,parietal gray matter,parietal white matter,putamen,posterior limb of the internal capsule and thalamus in mild HIE group were lower than those in control group (all P＜0.05).All of the ADC values of nine regions in moderate-to-severe HIE group were lower than those in control group (all P＜0.05).ADC value of frontal lobe gray matter,parietal gray matter,corona radiata,caudate nucleus,putamen,posterior limb of the internal capsule and thalamus in moderate-to-severe HIE group were lower than those in mild HIE group (all P＜0.05).Conclusion DWI and ADC values could reflect brain injury caused by HIE,and ADC values can be used to quantitatively analyze the degree of hypoxic-ischemic injury.