l: The disparity between the service demand of the health care and reality reflects the recessive crisis of lack of medical humane spirit and the defect of medical humane education in medical universities.To improve medical humane education,we need to establish the modern medical humane educational idea,reform and improve the system of medical humane education,the educational form of medical ethics and the and appraising system of medical humane education.

BACKGROUND: Most of the dental metal repair materials contacting Ti implants will cause galvanic corrosion and local environment with positive electricity on the implant interface, which directly affects the status of the tissues, especially bone resorption.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the galvanic corrosion of commercially pure Ti (TA2 type) coupled with Au alloy, CoCr alloy, Ti alloy, and NiCr alloy in vitro. METHODS: Circuit of commercially pure Ti contacting with Au alloy, CoCr alloy, Ti alloy, and NiCr alloy was simulated in vitro in artificial saliva, and the common potential and galvanic current in 15 hours were recorded to draw current-time curves. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The galvanic current became stable after 8 hours of contacting. The galvanic current was the greatest in Ti/Au, followed by Ti/CoCr, Ti/Ti alloy, and then Ti/NiCr. Results indicated that the galvanic corrosion of the couple of Ti and Au alloy is the lowest. Au alloy is the most suitable material for implant superstructure. The galvanic corrosion of the couple of Ti and NiCr alloy is the highest, so NiCr alloy is not acceptable for implant superstructure.

Objective To explore the relationship between interleukin-18(IL-18)and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Methods A total of 59 female SLE patients were divided into three groups,according to the IL-18 concentration:≤200 pg/mL(group A),>200-350 pg/mL(group B),>350 pg/mL(group C).The cardiovascular risk fac-tors including body mass index(BMI),systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure(DBP),fasting insulin and glucose,blood lip-id,brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV),and plasma homocysteine(Hcy)were determined in all patients.Results Compared with group A patients whose plasma IL-18 level was the lowest,the levels of insulin,triglyceride,Hcy and values of homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)were significantly higher in SLE patients of group C,whose plasma IL-18 level was the highest(P <0.05).Conclusion In patients with SLE,the synergistic effects of hyperinsulinaemia,insulin resistance,hyper-homocysteinaemia,and vascular stiffness most likely contribute to the elevation of plasma IL-18 concentrations.

In the past five years,nearly 7,000 SCI papers have been published on glaucoma all over the world.Among these papers, only 40 came from mainland China.Though we have made greater progress in glaucoma scientific research than before,the gap between China and science-and-technology developed countries is remarkable.To improve efficacy and quality in our future scientific research in glaucoma,we should have a clear view and better understand on dominant areas and directions in glaucoma research worldwide today.

Objective:The purpose of this paper is to introduce a method of using compensate angles to eliminate rotation set-up errors without six-degree of freedom couch. Methods: To detect six-degree of freedom set-up errors, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were acquired. These set-up errors were defined as a matrix to transform from accelerator coordinate system to patient coordinate system. Two independent vectors were defined to describe angles of gantry, collimator and couch in accelerator machine. Transformation of vectors were determined by transformation matrix and re-calculated back to the machine angles. Results:It was found that compensate angles can fully corrected the rotation angles in set-up with limited time consuming. It is feasible to implement compensate angles in routinely radiation procedure. Conclusion:With this method, it is possible to implement the complete corrections of set-up errors in radiotherapy without six-degree of freedom couch and it is convenient in operation as well.

Traditionally the cultivation mechanisms of pathological postgraduates can not fully adapt to the demand of research and society in China,to some extent,which impedes the development of pathology.Combining our practical conditions with overseas experiences,we try to make the beneficial thinking and adjustment on the existing cultivation mechanisms.

High-frequency ventilation ( HFV) is theoretically an ideal ventilatory mode for lung pro-tection. It also delivers extremely small tidal volumes near to or less than the anatomically invalid cavity (about 2ml/kg) at very high respiratory frequencies (recognized ventilation frequency about 4 times more than the normal range) . Compared to the conventional mechanical ventilation,HFV makes use of lung-open mode,with low tidal volume, low airway pressure, low thoracic pressure and end-exhaling pressure effect, which can avoid recruitment/derecruitment of alveoli to reduce pressure injuries on lung tissue and airway. Nowadays,more and more critical care practitioners implement this ventilation mode. We reviewed the princi-ples,classification,parameters,and clinical indications of HFV in this article.

Acute ischemic stroke has already become common cause of death in our country.Until now,the intravenous thrombolysis therapy produces a limited therapeutic efficacy in patients with acute ischemic stroke,because the recanalization rate is very low in patients with large vessel occlusion,especially with interal carotid artery occlusion.As a novel modality of primary treatment,endovascular mechanical recanalization using clot removal has become a noticeably efficient intervention and a hot research focus of acute ischemic stroke.In this paper,we reviewed recent large multicenter trials of endovascular mechanical recanalization in the world.

There exists the contradiction between medical value and social ethics on human-body experiments,so the ethics requires that we should set a comprehesive appraise and choose the corresponding ethical principle to standardize the behavior of human-body experiments.

With the adoption of the inversion of the burden of proof in medical malpractice disputes, it is imperative for hospitals to document, fix and keep intact evidence of their diagnosis, treatment and nursing activities in the course of delivering emergency care, testing and examination, diagnosis, treatment and nursing according to the evidence specifications for lawsuits and criminal suits and the demand for fixing and keeping intact evidence in an objective, genuine, timely, comprehensive and legal manner. This will enable hospitals to better deal with lawsuits involving medical malpractice disputes.