Objective To study the changes of cytokines in aqueous humor of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR)after intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) and the correlation of these cytokines.Methods Fifty-six patients(63 eyes) with severe PDR underwent pars piana vitrectomy (PPV) with IVB pretreatment in our hospital from April,2014 to February,2015 were collected.All the patients received IVB therapy from 3 days to 7 days before PPV.Aqueous humor samples were collected at the time of IVB and PPV treatment.The concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),interleukin-6 (IL-6),interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured by cytoinetric bead array (CBA).The changes of these cyto-kines after IVB were analyzed by using Wilcoxon rank sum test for paired data.The correlation between these cytokines was analyzed by using Spearman rank test.Results From 3 days to 7 days after IVB,the concentration of VEGF in aqueous humor was (6.57 ± 12.29)pg · mL-1,lower than the pre-operation of (278.71 ±340.20)pg · mL-1,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The concentration of IL-8 was (385.60 ± 1099.47) pg · mL-1,higher than pre-operation of(298.87 ± 1005.79) pg ·mL-1,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).IL-6 and MCP-1 were increased after IVB,but the difference was not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05).VEGF,IL-6,IL-8 and MCP-1 had an obviously relationship between each two factors(all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Angiogenesis in patients with PDR are regulated by a variety of cytokines,and targeted reduction of VEGF may compensatory increase the concentration of other inflammatory cytokines.

Objective:To investigate the hemodynamic characteristics of transverse sinus with sigmoid sinus wall dehiscence (SSWD) of pulsatile tinnitus (PT) based on 4D flow MRI.Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on all patients admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2019 to January 2021 for dehiscent sigmoid plate pulsatile tinnitus. A total of 26 patients (sides) who met the criteria and underwent 4D flow MRI were included. A total of 26 subjects (46 sides), matched 1∶1 according to gender and age, were included in the normal healthy control group. Nonparametric rank sum test, Student′s t test, and ANOVA were performed by SPSS 19.0 software. Binary Logistic regression was applied to the data with statistical significance. Results:There were more patients with dominant drainage on the affected side in PT group than in control group (73.1% vs. 42.3%). The incidence of transverse with a focal intraluminal filling defect and tapered stenosis was higher than that in control group (21.7% vs. 69.2%; 17.4% vs. 42.3%). Average through-plane velocity and maximum through-plane velocity in PT group were higher than those in control group [(33.75±13.88) cm/s vs. (15.84±7.21) cm/s; (93.19±33.55) cm/s vs. (40.40±14.40) cm/s]. The middle part and proximal end of Flow avg (ml/s) in PT group were larger than those in control group [4.69 (2.87; 5.62) ml/s vs. 2.76 (1.67; 4.99) ml/s; 3.41 (2.16; 5.47) ml/s vs. 2.67 (1.68; 4.41) ml/s]. In control group, the velocity of transverse sinus changed relatively gently, while in PT group, the velocity of proximal sinus increased significantly. Binary Logistic regression showed that SSWD PT was independently correlated with proximal maximum flow velocity [ OR=1.086(1.029-1.146), P=0.003]. Conclusion:4D flow MRI showed that the dominant drainage and higher velocity at the proximal end of the transverse sinus might be an important hemodynamic characteristics of dehiscent sigmoid plate pulsatile tinnitus.