Objective To investigate the infection situation of L-form bacteria in urinary calculi from the patients with urolithia-sis in a hospital to provide a scientific basis for postoperative anti-infection and prevention of urinary stone recurrence.Methods The calculi samples in 265 cases of urinary calculi from October to December 2015 were collected and performed the culture of com-mon bacteria and L-form bacteria respectively.Culture of common bacteria and bacterial L-forms.Results Among 265 cases of uri-nary calculi ,8 cases(3% ,8/265) were L-form Bacterial combined with common bacterial infection ,only 7 cases(2.6% ,7/265) were L-form bacterial infection ,80 cases (30.0% ,80/265) were common bacterial infection.15 strains of L-form bacteria were detected and 96 strains of common bacteria were detected.The drug resistance of L-form bacteria was significantly increased compared with common bacteria.Conclusion The positive rate of L-form bacteria culture of urinary calculi is lower than other domestic reports. Adding hypertonic medium for conducting L-form bacterial isolation and culture in the patients with urinary tract infection can re-duce the false negative.

Objective To study in vitro hydrodynamics of a pneumatic pulsatile ventricular assist device developed ex?clusively by China, and establish an animal model for the detection by the device. Methods The hydromechanics experi?ment was performed on an in vitro test loop using MEDOS-System to drive the ventricular assist device, and lycerl-water so?lution was used as circulating medium. The changes of afterload pressure and the output of the pump were monitored, and the impermeability and stability were also assessed after the experiment. Six adult dogs were used as the experimental animals. The device worked in the left heart assistance mode for 1 hour then the ventricular fibrillation was induced by potassium chloride, and then defibrillated after 5 min while the device remained working. The hemodynamics data were monitored con?secutively during the trial. Results The ventricular assist device worked stably and reliably during the hemodynamic exper?iment. The pump can generate more than 4 L/min flow against the afterload pressure of 100 mmHg. There were no significant changes in heart rate at different time points in experimental dogs after left ventricular assist. Comparison between after auxil?iary immediately and former auxiliary, the diastolic blood pressure of dogs increased 30 mmHg with the ventricular assist, and the diastolic pressure increased 19 mmHg. No obvious fluctuation in blood pressure was found during the auxiliary pro?cess. The diastolic blood pressure stayed at 60 mmHg when the heart was in ventricular fibrillation, and returned to normal after electrical defibrillation. Conclusion The ventricular assist device works stably in vitro test, and the pump can meet the need of adult’s ventricular assist. It is effective and security to dogs in short term. The effects of long-term use need to be future proved.

Objective To analyze the direct and indirect effects of influencing factors on suicide ideation among college students based on the structural equation model. Methods 1505 college students were investigated with ASLEC, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, SSRS, QSA and BDI. Results Incidence rate of college students' suicidal ideations during the past year was 6.67%. The goodness of fit for the structural equation model was satisfactory and 3 major indices( x2/df = 2.23, GFI = 0. 982, RMSEA = 0. 029 ) had met corresponding requirements. The depression was directly influencing factor on suicide ideation, while four factors including passive coping style, social support, positive coping style and suicide attitude, had indirect impacts. Negative life event not only directly affected suicide ideation, but also had indirect effects. According to the percentages of their contribution, the risk factors were ranked as follows:depression (41.08%), negativity life event (35.35%) and passive coping style (6.05%). Similarly, the top protective factor was: social support ( 11.94% ), followed by positive coping style (4.94%) and suicide attitude (0.63%). Conclusion Depression is an important risk factor of suicide,and has a direct impact. So, not only strengthen the mental health of college students, but also train students to face up the difficulties with a positive style, and make the college students get social supports sufficiently.

Objective To explore the effective means and important significance for preventing the born of neonatal patients with severe thalassemia.Methods Among the pregnant women and spouses receiving prenatal examination in our hospital from January 2013 to December 2015 were performed the thalassemia screening and gene diagnosis,49 couples carrying the same type thalassemia were conducted the prenatal amniotic fluid thalassemia gene diagnosis and follow up after prenatal diagnosis.Results In 49 couples carrying the same type thalassemia,the main gene mutation types of α-thalassemia detected by the gene diagnosis were --SEA/aα(50.0％),-α3.7/αa (36.5％) and-α4.2/αa (11.5％),which of β-thalassemia were CD17/N(42.0％),CD41-42/N (26.0％) and IVS-Ⅱ-654/N(22.0％).The results of prenatal diagnosis showed that there were 4 cases of HbH disease,2 cases of Bart's hydrops fetus,10 cases of severe β-thalassemia,19 a-thalassemia carriers,10 β-thalassemia carriers,1 case of co-inheritance of a-and β-thalassemia,and 3 health fetuses.The follow up results were consistent with those of prenatal diagnosis.Conclusion Conducting prenatal screening and diagnosis of thalassemia in pregnant women can effectively prevent the birth of neonatal patients with severe thalassemia.

Objective To analyze the related factors of foot blisters caused by long-distance weight-bearing march and to explore the pathogenesis of foot blisters to provide a useful way for the prevention and treatment.Methods After the 300 km march,counted the number who had accomplished the march,and then recorded the number of foot blisters,location of blisters,and abrasion of sole.Collected the data of gender,age,body mass index (BMI),hand dominance,and whether had bliters before the march through questionnaire.And the data were coded for analysis with SPSS 13.0 statistical package.Results The 7 cases who complete the whole march and 17 cases who already had foot blisters before the march were ruled out of the final statistics.Among the remaining 590 cases,there were 554 cases (93.9%)suffered from foot blisters.And there were 1 282 blisters in total,among which the plantar blisters occupied 98% (1 257 cases).The analysis showed that the incidence of foot blisters had no significant correlation with gender,left/right foot,hand dominance,BMI and age.The predilection sites of blisters were the second and third metatarsals (28.2%),the hallux (21.3%),the fifth metatarsal (18.1%),and the calcaneus (15.8%)of the left foot.The predilection sites of blisters were the second and third metatarsals (33.3%),the hallux (22.4%),the fifth metatarsal (18.6%),and the calcaneus (14.5%)of the right foot.In terms of the abrasion of sole,the lateral heel was worn out the most (34.6% on the left and 34.2% on the right).Conclusion The study confirmed that the incidence of foot blisters had no significant correla-tion with gender,left/right foot,hand dominance,BMI and age,which may be affected by the particularity of this march.Most of the foot blisters occurred in the planta,and the predilection sites of blisters were in accord with sites of of the abrasion of sole and the distribution of plantar shear force,which demonstrated the shear force is the most critical factor on the pathogenesis of foot blisters.

Objective To evaluate the effect of pre-emptive analgesia on pain and inflammation control in patients with severe multiple trauma.Methods Severe multiple trauma patients treated in the emergency department from September 2014 to December 2014 were prospectively included based on the inclusion criteria including injury severity score (ISS) of 16 to 25,Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ≥ 13 and visual analogue scale (VAS) ≥ 4.The patients were assigned to pre-emptive analgesia group,traditional analgesia group and non-analgesia group,according to the random number table.Pre-emptive analgesia group had patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) with sufentanil and tramadol on admission.Traditional analgesia group were administered intramuscular pethidine or subcutaneous morphine for temporary analgesia when the pain could not be tolerated.Non-analgesia group received no analgesia.VAS,systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) score and serum interleukin (IL)-6 concentration were compared among the groups on admission day,24,48,72,120,168 and 240 h after admission.Results Fifty-seven patients (46 males and 11 females) were included,and age was (39.61 ± 12.05)years.There were 18 patients in pre-emptive analgesia group,20 patients in traditional analgesia group,and 19 patients in non-analgesia group.Comparison between pre-emptive analgesia,traditional analgesia and non-analgesia groups showed no significant differences on admission with respect toVAS [(6.5±1.5),(6.6±1.4),(6.4 ±1.4)points],SIRS [(3.3±0.7),(3.4±0.6),(3.4±0.8) points] and IL-6 concentration [(109.2 ± 47.9),(99.9 ± 44.3),(106.3 ± 50.0) ng/L] (P ＞0.05).Compared to traditional analgesia and non-analgesia groups,VAS and SIRS score in pre-emptive analgesia group differed significantly at 24,48,72,120,168 and 240 h after admission,and IL-6 in pre-emptive analgesia group differed significantly at 48,72,120,168 and 240 h after admission (all P ＜0.05).VAS,SIRS score and IL-6 concentration declined faster in pre-emptive analgesia group than other two groups (P ＜ 0.05),while there were no significant differences between traditional analgesia and nonanalgesia groups (P ＞ 0.05).Positive correlation was noted between VAS and SIRS score,and between VAS and t IL-6 concentration (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Pre-analgesia provides quick and effective pain relief and attenuate excessive systemic inflammation response that contributes to stabilization and recovery of the severe multiple trauma patients.

Objective:To study the transdermal characteristics of myrrh essential oil and its percutaneous penetration enhancement for ibuprofen. Methods:The content of ibuprofen was determined by HPLC. Ibuprofen was used as the model drug and mouse skin was used as the permeation barrier in vitro. The transdermal properties of myrrh essential oil and its effect on percutaneous absorption of ibuprofen were investigated using Franz diffusion cells. Results:Without myrrh essential oil or with 1%, 2% and 3% myrrh essential oil, the cumulative transdermal penetration amount in 12h of ibuprofen in vitro was (0. 427 05 ± 0. 069 82), (0. 315 04 ± 0. 032 24), (0.230 50 ±0.031 14) and (0.181 34 ±0.053 70) mg·cm-2, with Jss of(0.031 4 ±0.005 7), (0.020 8 ±0.002 8), (0.017 2 ±0.001 6) and (0.013 9 ±0.003 4) mg·(cm2·h) -1, respectively. Conclusion: Myrrh essential oil shows no transdermal en-hancement for ibuprofen in vitro, to the contrary, it shows inhibitory effect with positive correlation to the concentration.

We here investigated the effect of MS4A6D(the membrane spanning 4-domain subfamily A(MS4A)superfamily protein 6D),one of the tetraspanins which specifically expresses on the membrane of macrophages,on carrageenan(CGN)-induced mouse foot pad swelling and its possible mechanism.Male C57BL/6 wild-type(WT)and various gene knockout(including Ms4a6d-/-,Nlrp3-/-,Casp-1-/-and IlR1-/-)mice were recruited and injected with 100 μl 1%CGN(w/v)and 20 μl CaCl2(50 mmol/L)to establish the foot pad swelling model,and then the severity of foot pad swelling in WT and gene knockout mice were compared.H&E staining was performed to investigate the pathological changes,and immunofluorescence was used to detect the infiltration of F4/80+ macrophages in the foot pad tissue.Finally,Western blot was used to determine the protein expression of NLRP3,IL-1 β,TNF-α and IL-6.Data showed that the combined injection of 100 μl 1%CGN(w/v)and 20 μl CaCl2(50 mmol/L)significantly promoted the swelling of foot pads,while the degree of foot pad swelling in Ms4a6d-/-mice was significantly lower than that in WT littermates(P<0.05);Significant tissue damage and inflammatory infiltration as well as necrotic lesions were observed in the WT foot pads,whereas,the degrees from Ms4a6d-/-foot pads showed significantly reduced;The protein levels of Caspase-1 and IL-1β in the foot pad tissue of the WT model were significantly higher than those of the Ms4a6d-/-groups;Compared with WT controls,the degree of foot pad swelling in Nlrp3-/-,Casp-1-/-,and IlR1-/-mice induced by 1%CGN(w/v)and CaCl2(50 mmol/L)were also significantly reduced(P<0.05).Taken together,MS4A6D promotes the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages and induces IL-1β secretion,by thus deteriorates CGN-mediated swelling of mouse foot pads.

Objective: To investigate the clinical application value of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotype analysis in the preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) of monogenic diseases. Methods: The whole genome amplification products of biopsied trophectoderm cells were analyzed by SNP haplotype analysis and verified by Sanger sequencing. Results: A total of 205 embryos were performed SNP haplotype analysis and Sanger sequencing. Among them, Sanger sequencing failed in 14.63% (30/205) of embryos, and SNP haplotype analysis failed in 0.98% (2/205) of embryos. The failure rate of the latter was significantly lower than that of the former (P＜0.05). There were consistent results in 155 (75.61%) embryos, and inconsistent results in 18 (8.78%) embryos. Forty-five embryos in 41 cycles were performed embryo transplantation. The clinical pregnancy rate was 70.73% (29/41) and the implantation rate was 71.11% (32/45). The results of prenatal diagnosis of amniotic fluid during the second trimester of pregnancy were completely consistent with those of SNP haplotype analysis. Conclusion SNP haplotype analysis is accurate, and its failure rate is lower than that of Sanger sequencing. It can be effectively used in the PGD of clinical monogenic diseases.

The lower extremity exoskeleton robot is a wearable device designed to help people suffering from a walking disorder to regain the power of the legs and joints to achieve standing and walking functions. Compared with traditional robots that include rigid mechanisms, lower extremity exoskeleton robots with compliant characteristics can store and release energy in passive elastic elements while minimizing the reaction force due to impact, so it can improve the safety of human-robot interaction. This paper reviews the compliant characteristics of lower extremity exoskeleton robots from the aspects of compliant drive and compliant joint, and introduces the augmentation, assistive, rehabilitation lower extremity exoskeleton robots. It also prospect the future development trend of lower extremity exoskeleton robots.