Abstract: Objective　To investigate the allelic mutations of kdr and ace-1 in Anopheles gambiae s.l., providing a scientific basis for mosquito-borne disease prevention and control in the region. Methods Mosquitoes were collected from six villages in two malaria-prone areas, Est-mono (Ogou koulidé, Kepssi, Igbomedji) and Anié (Kolocopé, Bana, Afolé). All mosquitoes were used for DNA extraction, species identification, and genotyping of kdr and ace-1. Results An. coluzzii and An. gambiae, two closely related species within the An. gambiae complex, were identified across six collection sites, with An. gambiae being predominant, constituting approximately 96.53% of the samples. Among all mosquito samples detected, high-frequency mutations were observed at the kdr 1014 locus in the An. gambiae complex, with mutation frequencies reaching 100.0% in Ogou koulidé, Bana, and Afolé, 97.5% in Kepssi and Igbomedji, and 91.1% in Kolocopé district. The allelic frequency of 1014F ranged from 85.5% to 100%. Mutation frequency of An. coluzzii 1014 locus in all three regions was 100%, with an allelic frequency of 1014F ranging from 90% to 100%, indicating a high rate of homozygosity. The kdr 1575 mutation frequency in An. gambiae ranged from 6.6% to 24.3%, with the allelic frequency of 1575Y ranging from 3.2% to 12.2%, all detected mutations were heterozygous, and no mutations were detected at the 1575 locus in An. coluzzii. Mutations at the ace-1 G119 locus were also observed in the An. gambiae complex, with mutation frequencies in An. gambiae ranging from 8.8% to 15% and the allelic frequency of 119S from 4.4% to 7.5%. In An. coluzzii, mutation frequencies ranged from 0 to 20.0%, with an allelic frequency of 119S from 0 to 10%, and all detected 119S mutations were heterozygous. Conclusions The high frequencies of the Anopheles gambiae kdr mutation observed suggest that malaria mosquito vectors in Togo may have developed a high level of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides and possibly a moderate resistance to organophosphorus or carbamate insecticides. This indicates that local vector management authorities should prioritize insecticide resistance issues in future malaria vector control and resistance management planning, and conduct regular monitoring.

Objective To investigate the effect of early enteral nutrition.Methods 248 patients with esophageal and gastric carcinoma were randomly divided into two groups,and received enteral nutrition(EN)and parenteral nutrition(PN)each continuously for 6 days after operation.The body weight,blood routine test,liver function,and postoperative day 8 were compared with those before operation.Results The body weight,red blood cell count,and the levels of hemoglobin,serum albumin and transaminase decreased less in EN group than those in PN group(P＜0.01).The complication rates of anastomotic fistula,pulmonary infection,and delayedincision healing and average volume of pleural effusion were 0,13.8%,0,780ml in EN groups,while 3.2%,28.2%,7.2%,1842ml in PN group.Conclusion Early postoperative enteral nutirtion after esophageal carcinoma surgery can improve nutritional status and reduce complications in comparision with parenteral nutrition.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) and new-onset embolic cerebral infarction after basilar artery angioplasty or stenting.Methods:Consecutive patients with severe basilar atherosclerotic stenosis underwent basilar artery angioplasty or stenting in the Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from January 2015 to February 2022 were retrospectively enrolled. High resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging (HRMR-VWI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were performed within one week before procedure, and brain DWI or CT examination was performed within 72 h after procedure to determine the patients with new-onset embolic cerebral infarction.Results:A total of 32 patients were enrolled in the analyze. IPH existed in 10 patients with basilar artery culprit plaque, and 5 had new-onset embolic cerebral infarction after procedure. The incidence of embolic cerebral infarction in the IPH group was significantly higher than that in the non-IPH group (50% vs. 0%; P=0.001). The proportion of patients with IPH in the embolic cerebral infarction group was significantly higher than that in the non-embolic cerebral infarction group (100% vs. 18.5%; P=0.001). Conclusion:IPH may be associated with new-onset embolic cerebral infarction after basilar artery angioplasty or stenting.

Objective To investigate the expression of cyclin dependent kinases 5(CDK5)in the temporal lobes of the epilepsy patients and to explore the possible roles of CDK5 in the pathogenesis of refractory epilepsy.Methods The brain tissues of intractable epilepsy(IE)were studied by fluorescence quantative polymerase chain reaction(FQ-PCR)for CDK5 mRNA,while immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to study the protein expression.Nonepileptogenic control brain tissues were used for comparison.Results FQ-PCR analysis showed that the expression of CDK5 mRNA in epilepsy patients was significant higher than those in the control group.And immunohistochemistry showed that the protein mainly existed in the neuron and glial.At the 35000 relative molecular mass,Western blot could been seen that there is a limpid strap.The optical density of CDK5 in IE(temporal lobe 1.4293?0.1839,hippocampus 2.0733?0.4738)was significantly higher than that in the control(temporal lobe 0.9680?0.4147, hippocampus 1.4030?0.6160,P