The author analyzed the current situation of and existing problems in the discipline of pathology in China and put forward some corresponding measures with regard to the building of the contingent of personnel in pathology and the guarantee of quality. These include: ①perfecting the establishment and construction of examination centers; ②formulating standards for the promotion of professional titles; ③giving full scope to medical universities and colleges in personnel training; ④establishing an incentive mechanism; ⑤working out criteria for quality control and perfecting the system of quality assurance. The authors held that research on the transformation of the disease genome by means of molecular genetic technology would be the orientation in the development of the discipline of pathology.

Objective To explore the distribution and clinical significance of hepatitis B core antigen( HBcAg) in the hepatocytes of chronic hepatitis B virus infected patients. Methods Paraffin sections were made from 41 liver biopsy samples obtained from chronic hepatitis B virus infected patients. The immuno-fluorescence confocal technique was utilized to analyze the expression level and localization of HBcAg in hepatocytes. The data were analyzed by using Kruskal Wallis test and chisquare test. Results HBcAg expression were detected in 36 (87. 8%) patients, among whom 23 cases had moderate abnormal liver function, 10 with mild abnormal liver function and 3 with normal liver function. Among the cases with moderate abnormal liver function, 6 cases showed the simple membrane-type HBcAg expression, 17 cases showed mixed cytosolic-type and membrane-type HBcAg expression without the nuclear-type expression. Twelve cases with mild abnormal liver function only showed simple cytosolic-type HBcAg expression without membrane-type or nuclear-type expression. In the three patients with normal liver function, HBcAg was expressed in cytoplasm and nuclear but not on membrane. The correlation between HBcAg expression pattern and liver function was statistically significant (χ2 =10. 60, P＜0.01). Conclusion HBcAg expression is directly correlated with liver injury in chronic hepatitis B virus infected patients, which indicates that membrane expressed HBcAg is the target antigen during the immuno-attack of liver.

Aninductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometric(ICP-MS)methodbasedonquadrupole reaction/collision ( DRC) was developed for the determination of K,Na,Ca,Mg,Al,Cu,Zn,Pb,As and Mn in food. Samples were digested with HNO3 and H2 O2 followed by dilution with ultrapure water and then analyzed directly by ICP-MS. The signal sensitivity of high concentration element ( K, Na, Ca, Mg and Al ) was suppressed easily by adjusting the voltage parameters of DRC quadrupole ( Rpa) , and the food samples could be online diluted any multiples ( i. e. from one time to million times) according to the actual need. In order to eliminate mass spectral interferences of 40 Ar35 Cl+, the operational conditions of the DRC, working with CH4 as reaction gas, were optimized for 75 As. The limits of detection for the K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al varied from 0. 013-0. 027 mg/L, and Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Mnvaried from 0. 12-0. 61 μg/L. The accurate and reliable results were obtained for validation of the ICP-MS method with food reference material according to the national standard GBW10023 , GBW10015 , GBW10018 , GBW10017 , GBW10019 and GBW10024 . As the routine method in our laboratory, the satisfactory results indicate that it has great potential for the determination of low and high concentration level elements by one single analysis in various samples.

Remote ischemic postconditioning can induce cerebral ischemic tolerance and have neuroprotective effects.It has provided a novel strategy for the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease.In recent years,the mechanism research of remote ischemic postconditioning and clinical applications have made significant progress and have shown encouraging prospects of clinical transformation.

Objective To estblish a HPLC method for content determination of ferulic acid in compound prescribe Motherwort Herb capusle. Method The column ZORBAXSB-C18 was used with Acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid aqueous solution (12∶88) as mobile phase, and detective wavelength was 274 nm, the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. Result Within the range of 0.8～13 ?g, ferulic acid presented a fine linear relationship (r =0.999 99, n =6). The average recovery was 103.0% (RSD=0.4%, n=5). Conclusion The method is suitable, accuracy is high and reproducibility is good, recovery is high, and can control the quality of compound prescribe Motherwort Herb capusle.

Objective To establish a HPLC method for determination of Peoniflorin in Zhongzi Sanda Pill.Method Kromasil-C18 column(5 ?m,4.6 mm?250 mm) was used.Mobile phase was methanol-water(30:70).The detective wavelength was at 230 nm.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.Results There was a good linear relationship between the injection amount 0.11～2.14 ?g and a good peak form for Peoniflorin in Zhongzi Sanda Pill.The average recovery rate was 98.2%(RSD=1.72%,n =6).Conclusion This method is convenient,effective and accurate for the quality control of Peoniflorin in Zhongzi Sanda Pill.

Objective To observe the effects of Sancaoanqian decoction on expression of cytokine IL-1?, IL-6 and TNF RⅡ in experimental autoimmune prostatitis rats, and explore the target protein of cytokine of Chinese herbal compound in treating chronic nonbacterial prostatitis. Methods Seventy-two male Wistar rats were divided randomly into six groups and 12 rats in each group. All groups were made experimental autoimmune prostatitis rat model by injecting SC purified prostate protein with FCA except normal group. The normal and model group were given saline, western medicine group was given indomethacin, large, medium and small doses decoction groups were treated with large, medium and small doses of Sancaoanqian decoction. All rats were sacrificed after 30 days. The mRNA and protein expression of cytokines were tested by methods of immunohistochemistry and fluorescent quantitation RT-PCR. Results Sancaoanqian decoction could reduce the mRNA and protein expression of IL-1?, IL-6 in experimental autoimmune prostatitis rats. There were no significant difference between large and medium doses decoction group, but had a better activity than small dose. The expression of TNF RⅡ were reduced in all doses groups and no difference among three doses of Sancaoanqian decoction. Conclusion Sancaoanqian decoction can regulate the immune function in chronic prostatitis rat model. Down-regulation of cytokines maybe one of important mechanisms in treating chronic prostatitis.

Objective To evaluate transureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy in the treatment of ureteral calculi. Methods 116 cases of ureteral calculi treated with ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy from Dec.1999 to Feb.2002 were studied retrospectively.There were 49 male patietns and 67 female with an average age of 43,3 being upper ureteral stone,24 middle and 68 lower ureteral stone.21 ureteral stone-street. Results The stone fragmentation rate was 90%(104/116),85%(99/116) of which being fragmented on the first treatment session.The main complications were failure to insert the ureteroscope in 3 cases and ureteral perforation in 4.94 cases were follow-up for one to eighteen months and 91 cases were stone free within one month.No ureteral stricture has been observed on intravenous urogram. Conclusions Treatment of ureteral calculi by transureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy has been safe, effective and less invasive.

Objective:To study the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and its receptor Flt1 in the process of mandibular fracture healing.Methods:The fracture models were made in the middle of the left mandible of 25 rabbits,then the specimens from the fracture site were taken 48 hours and 1,3,5 and 8 weeks after operation respectively. The expression of VEGF and Flt1 was detected by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.Results:VEGF mRNA, VEGF and Flt1 were detected in many kinds of cells in the fracture site from 48 hours to 8 weeks after fracture, and high expression of VEGF and Flt1 were detected from 1 to 3 weeks after facture.Conclusions:VEGF and Flt1 are expressed through the process of fracture healing, VEGF may play important role in the process of blood vessel rebuilding after fracture.

Objective To study the protective effect of tadenanR on the bladder contractile function following partial outlet obstruction. Methods 20 New Zealand white male rabbits were divided into 4 groups of 5 rabbits each. Control group received operation but not forming obstruction model where as other groups received operation forming obstruction model.Two weeks after operation, tadenanR group received tadenanR orally at 100 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 for three weeks; Peanut oil group received vehicle only (peanut oil) and the obstruction group did not receive any drugs for three weeks. Five weeks after operation, the weight and volume of each bladder was assessed, and 3 longitudinal strips(1.0 cm?0.5 cm) of each bladder musculature were mounted in individual baths including Thyrode's buffer?atropine?ATP?Ca 2+ -free and high K+ solusions for contractile study. The ultrastructure of detrusor cells was observed with electron-microscope. Results tadenanR did not reduce the bladder weight after partial outlet obstruction but had protective effect on the capacity of bladder.tadenan*R treatment resulted in a protective effect on the contractile response to field stimulation in all kinds of solutions when contrasted with obstruction group and peanut oil group. It also reduced the enlargement of endoplactmic reticulum and mitochondrion as compared with obstruction group and peanut oil group. Conclusions tadenanR has direct effect on prostate through the inhibition of ?-FGF and it also has a protective effect on bladder function.So it is preferable in the treatment of BPH.