Objective:To analyze the incidence and spatiotemporal clustering of hepatitis B in China from 2006 to 2020 and provide reference for hepatitis B prevention and control.Methods:The incidence data of hepatitis B in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) from 2006 to 2020 were collected from National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The incidence trend analysis was conducted by using software Joinpoint 5.0.2, and the spatiotemporal scan analysis was performed by using software SaTScan 10.1.2.Results:From 2006 to 2020, a total of 1 049 546 cases of acute hepatitis B were reported in China. The average annual reported incidence rate was 5.17/100 000. The reported incidence rate showed a decreasing trend during this period. The incidence decreased from 3.00/100 000 to 0.41/100 000 in age group 0-14 years, from 14.15/100 000 to 3.44/100 000 in age group 15-34 years, and from 6.87/100 000 to 3.72/100 000 in age group ≥35 years, the differences were all significant (all P<0.001). From 2006 to 2020, a total of 10 732 017 cases of chronic hepatitis B were reported in China. The average annual reported incidence rate was 52.85/100 000. The reported incidence of chronic hepatitis B varied in different age groups, which decreased from 11.38/100 000 to 2.18/100 000 in age group 0-14 years, and from 73.17/100 000 to 61.40/100 000 in age group 15-34 years, while increased from 48.07/100 000 to 90.75/100 000 in age group ≥35 years, the differences were all significant (all P<0.05). Spatiotemporal scan analysis indicated that the age of reported acute hepatitis B cases became older over time, and the regions with high-incidence gradually shifted from western China to southwestern China. The overall reported incidence of chronic hepatitis B in those aged ≥35 years showed an upward trend, and the regions with high-incidence were mainly found in coastal area in southeastern China and in southwestern China. Conclusions:From 2006 to 2020, the overall reported incidence of acute hepatitis B in China showed a continuous downward trend, while the reported incidence of chronic hepatitis B in those aged ≥35 years showed an upward trend. It indicated that the need to improve the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis B in adults in coastal area in southeastern China and southwestern China.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of children with anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (anti-HMGCR) antibody-mediated necrotizing myopathy, and to explore early identification and management strategies to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data and treatment outcomes of 10 pediatric patients with anti-HMGCR antibody-mediated necrotizing myopathy admitted to the Department of Rheumatology, Children′s Hospital of Fudan University from December 2020 to December 2024. Statistical description was performed using SPSS 22.0.Results:Among the 10 patients, the male-to-female ratio was 1:4, the age of onset was (7.2±4.0) years, and the disease duration at diagnosis was (22.2±19.6) months. None had a history of statin exposure. Six patients presented with muscle weakness, and4 were diagnosed due to asymptomatic elevation of creatine kinase (CK); 4 had dermatomyositis-like rashes. All patients showed significantly elevated CK levels [median 3 291(1 969, 8 776)U/L] and underwent muscle biopsy. Histopathological findings revealed myofiber degeneration, necrosis, and regeneration in all cases, with inflammatory infiltration in 9 cases, MHC-Ⅰ positivity in all, and C5b-9 positivity in 9 cases. The median follow-up duration was (15.7±6.3) months. At the last follow-up, muscle strength was normal or nearly normal, and the CK median value had decreased to 977.5 (211.0, 3 536.0) U/L.Conclusion:For patients with suspected idiopathic inflammatory myopathy and significantly elevated CK, muscle-specific antibody testing-including anti-HMGCR-and muscle biopsy should be performed promptly regardless of the presence of skin rash, to ensure accurate diagnosis and guide treatment, thereby avoiding misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.030.].

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and independent risk factors of severe disease in patients with anti-nuclear matrix protein (NXP) 2 antibody-positive juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including 219 anti-NXP2 antibody-positive JDM patients admitted to 23 children′s hospitals across China from July 2011 to July 2023. Patients were classified into severe and non-severe groups based on classification criteria for severe dermatomyositis. Demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, and laboratory parameters were compared between the 2 groups using independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, or χ2 test. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for severe disease. The receiver operating characteristic curve was employed to calculate optimal cut-off values. Results:Among the 219 patients, 108 were male and 111 were female, with an age at onset of 6.3 (3.5, 9.4) years. The severe group comprised 69 patients, and the non-severe group 150 patients. The severe group had significantly higher rates of fever, heliotrope rash, subcutaneous edema, periorbital edema, anti-Ro52 antibody positivity, as well as elevated levels of ferritin-to-albumin ratio (FAR), creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis identified anti-Ro52 antibody positivity ( OR=13.26, 95% CI 1.37-128.29) and elevated FAR ( OR=1.90, 95% CI 1.09-2.31) as independent risk factors for severe anti-NXP2 antibody-positive JDM (both P<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that a FAR cutoff value of 6.82 predicted severe disease with an area under the curve of 0.87 (95% CI 0.81-0.94, P<0.001), sensitivity of 0.85, and specificity of 0.70. All patients received glucocorticoid therapy, and the severe group received higher proportions of steroid pulse therapy, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, intravenous immunoglobulin, biologics, and adjuvant treatments compared to the non-severe group (all P<0.05). In terms of outcomes, 2 patients (2.9%) in the severe group died (due to neurological involvement and intestinal perforation, respectively), while the remaining patients achieved complete clinical response or remission. All patients in the non-severe group achieved remission. Conclusions:The primary clinical features of anti-NXP2 antibody-positive JDM included fever, heliotrope rash, subcutaneous edema, periorbital edema, anti-Ro52 antibody positivity, and elevated levels of CK, AST, LDH, and FAR. Furthermore, anti-Ro52 antibody positivity and a FAR>6.82 were identified as independent risk factors.

Objective:To analyze the incidence and spatiotemporal clustering of hepatitis B in China from 2006 to 2020 and provide reference for hepatitis B prevention and control.Methods:The incidence data of hepatitis B in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) from 2006 to 2020 were collected from National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The incidence trend analysis was conducted by using software Joinpoint 5.0.2, and the spatiotemporal scan analysis was performed by using software SaTScan 10.1.2.Results:From 2006 to 2020, a total of 1 049 546 cases of acute hepatitis B were reported in China. The average annual reported incidence rate was 5.17/100 000. The reported incidence rate showed a decreasing trend during this period. The incidence decreased from 3.00/100 000 to 0.41/100 000 in age group 0-14 years, from 14.15/100 000 to 3.44/100 000 in age group 15-34 years, and from 6.87/100 000 to 3.72/100 000 in age group ≥35 years, the differences were all significant (all P<0.001). From 2006 to 2020, a total of 10 732 017 cases of chronic hepatitis B were reported in China. The average annual reported incidence rate was 52.85/100 000. The reported incidence of chronic hepatitis B varied in different age groups, which decreased from 11.38/100 000 to 2.18/100 000 in age group 0-14 years, and from 73.17/100 000 to 61.40/100 000 in age group 15-34 years, while increased from 48.07/100 000 to 90.75/100 000 in age group ≥35 years, the differences were all significant (all P<0.05). Spatiotemporal scan analysis indicated that the age of reported acute hepatitis B cases became older over time, and the regions with high-incidence gradually shifted from western China to southwestern China. The overall reported incidence of chronic hepatitis B in those aged ≥35 years showed an upward trend, and the regions with high-incidence were mainly found in coastal area in southeastern China and in southwestern China. Conclusions:From 2006 to 2020, the overall reported incidence of acute hepatitis B in China showed a continuous downward trend, while the reported incidence of chronic hepatitis B in those aged ≥35 years showed an upward trend. It indicated that the need to improve the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis B in adults in coastal area in southeastern China and southwestern China.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of thermosensitive moxibustion in treating headache and dizziness in patients with sympathetic type of cervical spondylosis(SCS).Methods A total of 80 patients with SCS treated in Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine from June 2023 to June 2024 were selected and divided into observation group and control group according to random number table method,with 40 patients in each group.The patients in control group were treated with regular moxibustion,while the patients in observation group were treated with thermosensitive moxibustion.The clinical efficacy,pain,quality of life,cervical spine function,cervical sympathetic symptoms,and adverse reactions between two groups were compared.Results The total effective rate of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group(x2=4.501,P=0.034).After treatment,visual analogue scale(VAS),Northwick Park neck pain questionnaire(NPQ)and cervical sympathetic nerve symptom scores of patients in two groups were significantly lower than before treatment,and clinical assessment scale for cervical spondylosis(CASCS)scores were significantly higher than before treatment(P＜0.05).VAS,NPQ and cervical sympathetic nerve symptom scores of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group,and CASCS score was significantly higher than that of control group(P＜0.05).No adverse reactions such as fainting and scalding occurred in both groups during treatment.Conclusion Thermosensitive moxibustion for SCS can reduce cervical sympathetic nerve symptoms and pain,improve cervical spine function,and improve patients'quality of life,and is relatively safe.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of thermosensitive moxibustion in treating headache and dizziness in patients with sympathetic type of cervical spondylosis(SCS).Methods A total of 80 patients with SCS treated in Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine from June 2023 to June 2024 were selected and divided into observation group and control group according to random number table method,with 40 patients in each group.The patients in control group were treated with regular moxibustion,while the patients in observation group were treated with thermosensitive moxibustion.The clinical efficacy,pain,quality of life,cervical spine function,cervical sympathetic symptoms,and adverse reactions between two groups were compared.Results The total effective rate of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group(x2=4.501,P=0.034).After treatment,visual analogue scale(VAS),Northwick Park neck pain questionnaire(NPQ)and cervical sympathetic nerve symptom scores of patients in two groups were significantly lower than before treatment,and clinical assessment scale for cervical spondylosis(CASCS)scores were significantly higher than before treatment(P＜0.05).VAS,NPQ and cervical sympathetic nerve symptom scores of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group,and CASCS score was significantly higher than that of control group(P＜0.05).No adverse reactions such as fainting and scalding occurred in both groups during treatment.Conclusion Thermosensitive moxibustion for SCS can reduce cervical sympathetic nerve symptoms and pain,improve cervical spine function,and improve patients'quality of life,and is relatively safe.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of children with anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (anti-HMGCR) antibody-mediated necrotizing myopathy, and to explore early identification and management strategies to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data and treatment outcomes of 10 pediatric patients with anti-HMGCR antibody-mediated necrotizing myopathy admitted to the Department of Rheumatology, Children′s Hospital of Fudan University from December 2020 to December 2024. Statistical description was performed using SPSS 22.0.Results:Among the 10 patients, the male-to-female ratio was 1:4, the age of onset was (7.2±4.0) years, and the disease duration at diagnosis was (22.2±19.6) months. None had a history of statin exposure. Six patients presented with muscle weakness, and4 were diagnosed due to asymptomatic elevation of creatine kinase (CK); 4 had dermatomyositis-like rashes. All patients showed significantly elevated CK levels [median 3 291(1 969, 8 776)U/L] and underwent muscle biopsy. Histopathological findings revealed myofiber degeneration, necrosis, and regeneration in all cases, with inflammatory infiltration in 9 cases, MHC-Ⅰ positivity in all, and C5b-9 positivity in 9 cases. The median follow-up duration was (15.7±6.3) months. At the last follow-up, muscle strength was normal or nearly normal, and the CK median value had decreased to 977.5 (211.0, 3 536.0) U/L.Conclusion:For patients with suspected idiopathic inflammatory myopathy and significantly elevated CK, muscle-specific antibody testing-including anti-HMGCR-and muscle biopsy should be performed promptly regardless of the presence of skin rash, to ensure accurate diagnosis and guide treatment, thereby avoiding misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and independent risk factors of severe disease in patients with anti-nuclear matrix protein (NXP) 2 antibody-positive juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including 219 anti-NXP2 antibody-positive JDM patients admitted to 23 children′s hospitals across China from July 2011 to July 2023. Patients were classified into severe and non-severe groups based on classification criteria for severe dermatomyositis. Demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, and laboratory parameters were compared between the 2 groups using independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, or χ2 test. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for severe disease. The receiver operating characteristic curve was employed to calculate optimal cut-off values. Results:Among the 219 patients, 108 were male and 111 were female, with an age at onset of 6.3 (3.5, 9.4) years. The severe group comprised 69 patients, and the non-severe group 150 patients. The severe group had significantly higher rates of fever, heliotrope rash, subcutaneous edema, periorbital edema, anti-Ro52 antibody positivity, as well as elevated levels of ferritin-to-albumin ratio (FAR), creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis identified anti-Ro52 antibody positivity ( OR=13.26, 95% CI 1.37-128.29) and elevated FAR ( OR=1.90, 95% CI 1.09-2.31) as independent risk factors for severe anti-NXP2 antibody-positive JDM (both P<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that a FAR cutoff value of 6.82 predicted severe disease with an area under the curve of 0.87 (95% CI 0.81-0.94, P<0.001), sensitivity of 0.85, and specificity of 0.70. All patients received glucocorticoid therapy, and the severe group received higher proportions of steroid pulse therapy, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, intravenous immunoglobulin, biologics, and adjuvant treatments compared to the non-severe group (all P<0.05). In terms of outcomes, 2 patients (2.9%) in the severe group died (due to neurological involvement and intestinal perforation, respectively), while the remaining patients achieved complete clinical response or remission. All patients in the non-severe group achieved remission. Conclusions:The primary clinical features of anti-NXP2 antibody-positive JDM included fever, heliotrope rash, subcutaneous edema, periorbital edema, anti-Ro52 antibody positivity, and elevated levels of CK, AST, LDH, and FAR. Furthermore, anti-Ro52 antibody positivity and a FAR>6.82 were identified as independent risk factors.