Objective To evaluate the effciency of different embolic agents inducing the changes of the liver morphology and function in the selective portal vein embolization (PVE).Methods Forty five Spraque-Dawley rats were used in this experiment.Five were served as a control group and forty were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 rats each.Right PVE was performed in each group by one of four different embolic agents respectively.Five rats from each group were sacrificed and dissected to inspect the morphological changes on 14th and 21st day after the procedure.The results of different groups were analyzed according to the weight ratios of the right lobe to the whole liver and the whole liver to the body,and the results were compared to each other and those of the control group using statistical Student“ t ”test. Results After the procedure,the embolized lobe was turned gray immediately with no significant differences between groups.Both on the 14th and 21st day after the procedure,the right lobe of the liver from the rats of group 1,2,3 were atrophied apparently with lots of spotty yellow scars in different sizes.There was no significant change of the embolized right lobe from group 4.By statistical analysis,the embolization using Lipiodol-ethanol 2∶1 mixture in group 2 resulted in better atrophy than group 1 ( P 0.05) and more than the gelfoam pieces ( P

Myoepithelial carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor. The primary site of this tumor is the salivary glands. With the rapid ad-vancement in immunohistochemical examination and pathological examination, the number of clinical cases of the most common type of myoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary glands, as well as rare primary sites of myoepithelial carcinoma, reported in the litera-ture has increased. Based on related cases reported in the literature, various studies worldwide, and our personal practical experience, this article summarized advancements in the research on myoepithelial carcinoma, including etiology, pathology, clinical characteris-tics, diagnosis, and treatments, as well as myoepithelial carcinoma features of various rare primary sites. This article aims to provide useful evidence for oncologists in diagnosing and treating myoepithelial carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the anti-shear force,stability and plasticity of reconstruction plate implantation,and to investigate its role in treating acetabular fractures complicated by free bone graft in the joint.METHODS:A computer-based online search of Science Direct and Ei databases (1960-01/2009-10) was performed for related English articles with the keywords of "acetabular fractures,modified ilioinguinal approach,reconstruction plate".In addition,CNKI and CBM database (1994-01/2009-10) were searched for related Chinese articles with the same key words in Chinese.Moreover,related works were manually searched.Studies regarding reconstruction plate implantation in treating acetabular fractures were included,including basic and clinical experiments.RESULTS:Acetabular top is weight loading region of human body,and the fracture should be reducted by the operation.Prior to reconstruction plate for acetabular fracture fixation,bone hook,and Kirschner wire can be used for temporary fixation,and the plate bending angle should be adjusted to accordant with lateral posterior wall or medial anterior wall of the acetabular top,followed by screw threading for fracture fixation.In addition,the screw entrance angle is very important.If the fixation of one plate is not satisfactory,one or two cancellous bone screw or Kirschner wire can be used to enhance the fixation.But the Kirschner wire tail should be bended to prevent dislocation into the pelvic cavity.Moreover,additional plate can be used for further fixation.Reconstruction plate fixation has advantages of anti-shear force,high stability and plasticity,which fully adapt the special appearance of acetabulum.Moreover,the incidence of postoperative plate loosening and breakage is low,and the satisfaction is high.Free bone blocks can be temporarily fixed by Kirschner wire,followed by reconstruction plate fixation.CONCLUSION:Reconstruction plate fixation has good clinical effect and few complications in treating acetabular fractures complicated by free bone blocks in the joint.

Objective To explore the effect of mefformin on glucose metabolism of rat myoblast with high fat environment.Methods The skeletal muscles of suckling Wister rats were subjected to primary culture.The myoblasts of passage 5 were divided into 5 groups:The control group was cultured in DMEM with 0.5％ BSA for 12 h.The high-fat group was exposed to 0.3 mmol/L palmitic acid for 12 h.On the basis of high-fat treatment,three intervention groups were added with 2.5,5.0 and 7.5 μg/ml metformin,respectively,for additional 24 h.Isotope tracer method was conducted to show the influence on 2-dexoy-D-[3H]glucose uptake of rat myoblast.Results With the increasing concentration of mefformin,[3H]-G uptake elevated [ ( 1.83 ± 0.34) 10-2pmd/( min · g) vs (2.33 ± 0.47 ) 10-2 pmd/( min · g),P ＜ 0.05 ],and the group of 7.5 μg/ml metformin uptakes the most.Conclusions Metformin can upregulate the glucose-uptake in rat myoblasts under the environment of high fat,and it shows a dose-dependent relationship.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of Ghrelin on activation of UCP3 and phosphorylation of ACC under the high fat environment in rat myoblast,and to support the study on prevention of type 2 diabetes.MethodsThe rat myoblast were exposed to 0.3 mmol/L palmitic acid for 12 h,at the same time,10-11 mol/L,10-9 mol/L,10-7 mol/L Ghrelin were added.The expression of UCP3 mRNA was determined by RT-PCR.The protein levels of UCP3 and p-ACC were measured by western blotting.ResultsCompared with the control group,UCP3 mRNA and the protein levels of UCP3 and p-ACC were obviously decreased in 0.3 mmol/L PA group(UCP3 mRNA:P =0.000,UCP3 protein levels:P =0.000,p-ACC protein levels:P =0.003).Compared with the 0.3 mmol/L PA group,with the increasing concentration of Ghrelin,UCP3 mRNA and the protein levels of UCP3 and p-ACC were elevated.The effects of 10-7 mol/L Ghrelin were significant(UCP3 mRNA:P =0.017,UCP3 protein levels:P =0.000,p-ACC protein levels:P =0.007).ConclusionsGhrelin could enhance activation of UCP3 and phosphorylation of ACC under high fat environment in rat myoblast.

AIM:To investigate the mechanism of lipotoxicity-associated apoptosis mediated by mitochondrial pathway in pancreatic β-cells. METHODS:The pancreatic β-cell line MIN6 cells were incubated respectively in serum-free DMEM medium with or without palmitate (0.1-0.5 mmol/L) for 24 h,followed by Hoechst 33258 staining. The activity of caspase 3 was assayed for determining apoptosis,transmission electron microscope was used for observing mitochondrial structure,and RT-PCR analysis was applied for detection of mRNA expression of bcl-2-associated X protein (bax),B-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2),sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (SREBP1c) and DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 (chop-10). RESULTS:Palmitate induced apoptosis of MIN6 cells and swelling of mitochondria. Palmitate also inhibited mRNA expression of bcl-2,whereas enhanced mRNA expression of bax,SREBP1c and chop-10. CONCLUSION:Palmitate induces apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells by promoting mitochondrial dysfunction,which is associated with abnormal expressions of bax,bcl-2,SREBP1c and chop-10.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of three-dimensional interactive reduction of femoral neck and shaft in treatment of irreducible femoral neck fracture.Methods The study enrolled 40 patients with irreducible femoral neck fractures treated by three-dimensional interactive reduction of femoral neck/shaft and internal fixation with three cannulated screws from June 2011 to July 2013 (study group).Frontal and lateral X-ray films were taken after operation.Garden index was used to evaluate the fracture reduction quality and Harris hip score was recorded.Meanwhile,a retrospective analysis was performed on 32 patients with irreducible femoral neck fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation with cannulated screws between January 2008 and December 2010 (control group).Results Patients in study group obtained satisfactory reduction by minimally traumatic closed reduction.According to the Garden index,fracture reduction quality was level 1 in 24 patients and level 2 in 16 patients.Thirty-two patients were followed up for 12-28 months (mean,21 months),which showed fracture healing.At the final follow-up,Harris hip score was 87 points (range,61-100 points) and 4 patients had femoral head avascular necrosis.By contrast,6 patients in control group showed fracture nonunion.At the final follow-up,Harris hip score was 60 points (range,20-100 points) and 8 patients had femoral head avascular necrosis.Conclusion Three-dimensional interactive reduction of femoral neck and shaft provides good hip function recovery and decreased incidence of femoral head avascular necrosis and fracture disunion compared with the open reduction and internal fixation.

Objective To investigate the effect of protein kinase B and its phosphorylation on the apoptosis of MIN6 induced by palmitate.Methods Incubated with different level of palmitate concentration (0 ～ 0.5 mmol/L),MIN6 cells were cultured in high glucose DMEM with or without LY294002 ; the apoptosis of MIN6 cells was detec-ted and quantified with TUNEL technology.Then we inspected the cell ultrastructure through electron microscopy and determined the expression of protein kinase B and its phosphorylation p-PKB (Ser473) by Western blot,fol-lowed by an RT-PCR detection of BAX and BCL-2 expression.Results Apoptosis of MIN6 cells was induced by palmitate in a concentration-dependent correlation and enhanced by LY294002.Palmitate also inhibited phospho-rylation of protein kinase B on Ser473.Finally,we detected a downregulation of BCL-2 mRNA expression and up-regulation of BAX mRNA expression under palmitate-incubated state.Conclusion Palmitate may induce apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells through inhibiting activation of PKB phosphorylation in diabetes.

Objective To explore if it is essential to excise ipsilateral adrenal gland in radical nephrectomy.Methods Two hundred and sixty-three patients underwent radical nephrectomy were analyzed retrospectively.The duration of operation,bleeding volumn,complications and survival rates were compared between the adrenalectomy and adrenal preserved groups.The clinical data of the patients with adrenal gland involvement were analyzed as well.Results There were 214 clinical localized(T_(1-2)N_0M_0 )renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients,26 local advanced RCC(T_(3-4)N_(0-2)M_0 ) patients and 23 metastatic RCC(T_(1-4)N_(0-2)M_1) patients in this study.In the 263 patients,146 cases received ipsilateral adrenal gland excisions,while 117 cases had the ipsilateral adrenal glands preserved.The duration of operation,estimated blood loss and the complications did not differ significantly between these two groups.Only 8 patients had adrenal gland involvement.The mean size of the 8 tumors was 9.7 cm and 5 of them had a diameter ≥8 cm.In the 8 patients,6 had the tumor in the upper pole and 2 had the whole kidney involved.One hundred and twenty-nine clinical stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ patients had ipsilateral adrenal excised,while only 4 (3.1%) had adrenal gland involvement.Seventeen clinical stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ patients had ipsilateral adrenal excised,and 4 (23.5%) had adrenal gland involvements.The clinical stages of these 8 patients were stage Ⅲand Ⅳ.The patients were followed up for 28 months (3-102 months).There was no significant difference of 5-year survival rates between the ipsilateral adrenal gland excised and preserved patients categorized according to pathological stage.Conclusion For patients with renal cancer larger than or equal to 8 cm,localized in upper pole of kidney or with the whole kidney involve and with a clinical stage higher or equal to Ⅲ,it is essential to excise ipsilateral adrenal gland in radical nephrectomy,otherwise the ipsilateral adrenal can be preserved.