Usually Rexed's lamina Ⅱ of the spinal cord is taken as the substantia gelatinosa Rolandi. This, however, is not based on unequivocal evidence. We have proved in goat ('81) that the substantia gelatinosa Rolandi actually corresponds to laminae Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ. The investigation was extended to the human being in the present study.Lumbar_(3,4) spinal segments were cut parasagittally in 3 cases (an adult, a child and a new-born baby). Sections were first examined under a stereomicroscope. The substantia gelatinosa Rolandi could be clearly identified as a semitransparent gelatinous layer. Dorsal to it was a spongy layer with islands of gelatinous material scattered in white matter. The dorsal border of the spongy layer, the boundary between it and the ventral lying gelatinous layer and the ventral border of the latter were marked by razor cuts.The sections were then stained with Nissl method and the cytoarchitecture of the tissue between the cuts was studied. It has been found that the substantia gelatinosa Rolandi of the human being corresponds principally to Rexed's laminae Ⅱand Ⅲ. The overlying spongy layer (lamina Ⅰ) however, composing of scattered, broken gelatinous substance, should also be considered a part of the substanstia gelatinosa.

OBJECTIVE:To study the therapeutic effect of naloxone early to administer on acute craniocerebral trauma ME_THODS:46 patients with acute craniocerebral trauma were randomly divided into two groups:Besides routine treatment,25 patients were treated with naloxone in a dose of 8mg q d ,21 patients did not treated with naloxone The GCS score,plasma ET levels,transcranial Doppler(TCD),and electroencephalogram(EEG) were measured 1 day,7 days after the administration The results were analyzed statistically RESULTS:In treatment group,GCS score was obviously improved,the level of ET in plasma was reduced;brain vasospasm incidence rate was lower and abnormal rate of EEG was lower in comparison with those in control group As a result,the detecting indices in treating group were superior to those in the control group(P

BACKGROUND:Mechanical strain certainly has an effect on physiological activities of osteoblasts. Runx-2 is a target of bone morphogenic protein signal and is an important factor for regulation of osteoblastic differentiation. Bone morphogenic protein signal transduction pathway is involved in physiological response of osteoblast to stimulation of mechanical centrifugal force.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of mechanical centrifugal force on bone morphogenetic protein signal pathway under different time period and speed.
METHODS:MC3T1-E1 cells were pre-treated in DMEM medium containing 10%fetal bovine serum for 24 hours, and then divided into control group, 90 r/min group, 180 r/min group and 250 r/min group. Each group was then subdivided into 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours centrifugation subgroups. Experiments were repeated for three times for different centrifugal speed and different time period. Except centrifugation, the control group was under the same environment. Total RNA was extracted and reversely transcribed into cDNA. Runx-2 gene expression was determined by real time fluorescent quantitative PCR.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The expression of Runx-2 mRNA was increased with extension of time, showing a positive correlation between the two. The mRNA expression at 180 r/min was significantly higher than that at 90 r/min and 250 r/min (P<0.01);at 90 r/min and 180 r/min, the Runx-2 mRNA expression was higher than that in the control group (P=0.039), both of them showed significant difference along with the time. The difference of centrifugal force speed and duration is associated with different physiological response of osteoblasts in bone morphogenic protein signal pathway, which plays an important role in mechanical signal transmission and cascade reaction.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the anesthesia management of applying minimally invasive percutaneous neplrolithotripsy for treating hepatolithiasis.Methods The anaesthesia method,anesthetic effect,the time of resuscitation after anesthesia and side -effect of anesthesia in 86 patients who were underwent minimally invasive percutaneous neplrolithotripsy for hepatolithiasis were analyzed.Results All 86 patients were satisfied with anesthetic effect and completed surgery successfully.Among them,48 patients underwent operation with epidural anesthesia,31 patients with general anesthesia and 7 patients with the management of anesthesia monitoring(MAC) plus with local anesthesia.The time of resuscitation after anesthesia in general anesthesia patients was longer than those of epidural anesthesia and MAC.6 patients were delayed recovery and hypothermia after general anesthesia, 4 cases of epidural anesthesia and 1 case of MAC appeared cholecyst -heart reflection,and 2 cases of epidural anesthesia vomiting intraoperation.Conclusion The rational anesthesia method for patients underwent minimally invasive percutaneous neplrolithotripsy for treating hepatolithiasis should consider reasonably heart and lung function, maintain hemodynamics and respiratory stably,pay attention to insulation intraoperation,prevent cholecyst -heart reflection and shorten the operation time,which can reduce the side -effect of anesthesia and were favor for recovery after operation.

Objective To study the process of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) inclusion techniques for osthol. Methods The inclusion complex of osthol and HP-β-CD was prepared by unsaturated water solution and freeze-drying technique. Inclusion techniques were selected by screening on quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design method, and the entrapment efficiency was identified by HPLC. Results The optimal technical conditions were as follows:the ratio of HP-β-CD and drug was 4.5∶1;temperature for electric mixer was 35 ℃;the stirring time for thermostatic waterbath was 210 min. Conclusion This method is reasonable and it may have a prosperous future of development and application.

Objective: To analyse the genomic characteristics of Novirus(NoV) GII.4 genotype JN010 strain isolated form Jinan in 2017. Methods: Seven pairs of primers were designed and used to amplify the JN010 genome. Sequence analyses, alignment and phylogenetic trees of ORF1 and ORF2 genes were performed using the software Lasergene7.1 and MEGA5.2. At the same time the major protein VP1 amino acid mutations were analyzed. Results: The 7 516 bp complete genome sequence of JN010 strain was obtained, the most mutation sites were located in P2 subdomain of VP1. Two substitutions I293N and H373N of VP1 were locate neighboring epitope A, and R297H mutation happened within epitope A and the site A that binding with histo-blood group antigens(HBGAs). The JN010 strain was GII.Pe/GII.4 genotype and genetically closest to the strains found in Osaka of Japan(GenBank accession number LC066046) and the strains in Zhongshan city of Guangdong (GenBank accession number KY407064) respectively according to ORF1 and ORF2 gene homologous and phylogenetic analysis. Conclusions The NoV GII.4 variant strain JN010 has occurred mutations in the key site of the epitope A and site A that bind with HBGAs, and maybe affect its antigenicity and interaction with HBGAs.

Objective:To elucidate the changes of cytokine expression profiles in hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) patients infected with non-EV-A71 enteroviruses in Jinan city, and explore the characteristics of cytokines expression.Methods:The serum samples of acute and convalescent phases were collected from non-EV-A71 enterovirus-infected HFMD patients in Jinan from 2014 to 2017. The serum samples of healthy subjects were collected as control group. The Bio-plex liquid chip platform was used for high-throughput detection of 27 cytokines. GraphPad Prism and SPSS 22.0 were used for description and statistical analysis.Results:Twenty-two serum cytokines significantly changed in non-EV-A71 infected patients, including 11 kinds of interleukin (IL), 5 kinds of chemokines, 2 kinds of growth factors, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). There were 21 kinds (mean ranks 17.06-19.00 pg/ml vs 5.50-8.80 pg/ml, P < 0.05) and 20 kinds (mean ranks 16.41-19.00 pg/ml vs 5.50-9.90 pg/ml, P < 0.05) of cytokines expression in acute stage and convalescent stage respectively were higher than those in healthy control group for coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) infected patients, and GM-CSF expression (mean ranks 9.65 pg/ml vs 21.40 pg/ml, 9.59 pg/ml vs 21.50 pg/ml, P < 0.05) were both lower than those in healthy control group. For HFMD patients infected CV-A6, there were 19 kinds (mean ranks 11.92-13.50 pg/ml vs 5.50-6.45 pg/ml, P < 0.05) and 21 kinds (mean ranks 12.00-13.50 pg/ml vs 5.50-6.40pg/ml, P < 0.05) of cytokines expression with acute and convalescent stage respectively were higher than those in healthy control group. GM-CSF expression decreased only in acute phase (mean ranks 5.00 pg/ml vs 10.60 pg/ml, P < 0.05) compared with healthy control group. Double serum analysis showed that interleukin 6 (22.79pg/ml vs 35.88 pg/ml) and interferon-induced protein 10 (IFNγ -induced protein 10) (793.56 pg/ml vs 2 157.32 pg/ml) expression in patients with CV-A16 infection during convalescent stage were lower than that in acute stage; IL-7 (3.13 pg/ml vs 1.165 pg/ml), IL-15 (27.84 pg/ml vs 16.005 pg/ml) and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) (22 605.96 pg/ml vs 7 040.90 pg/ml) expression in patients with CV-A6 infection during convalescent stage increased compared with the acute stage. Conclusions:There are extensive changes in cytokine expression profile in HFMD patients with non-EV-A71 enterovirus infection. Different pathogens infection and different clinical course of HFMD have different characteristics of cytokine expression. These findings could provide scientific data for finding indicators that are meaningful for disease progression, clinical diagnosis and immunotherapy.

Objective To detect and analyze the levels of 27 serum cytokines expression in EV71-induced Hand Foot and Mouth Disease(HFMD) in Jinan and revealed their correlations with disease severity based on the platform of liquid chip.Methods 43 serum samples were collected from EV71-infected HFMD patients in Jinan in 2009-2014,including 16 mild cases and 27 severe cases.10 serum specimens from healthy people were also collected as controls.27 serum cytokines were analyzed on Bio-Plex liquid chip platform.Results Compared to healthy controls,22 cytokines expression levels increased in severe groups,including IL-1 ra,IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-7,IL-8,IL-9,IL-10,IL-12 (p70),IL-13,IL-15,IL-17,etotaxin,G-CSF,IFN-γ,IP-10,MCP-1,PDGF-BB,MIP-1β,RANTES and TNF-α(P ＜ 0.02).21 cytokines expression levels elevated than healthy controls (P ＜ 0.02).GM-CSF was found decreased levels in both mild and severe groups than in the healthy controls(P ＜ 0.02).The correlation analysis showed that 12 cytokines (IL-1 ra,IL-7,IL-9,IL-10,IL-13,IL-17,etotaxin,IP-10,PDGF-BB,MIP-1β,RANTES and TNF-α) were moderately correlated with the severity of EV71-infected HFMD.GM-CSF was negatively correlated with HFMD.Conclusions Many kinds of serum cytokine changed obviously in the EV71-infected HFMD patients and cytokine levels were closely associated with the severity of HFMD.The analysis of liquid chip for serum cytokines provides an efficiently method.

Objective:To study the effect of baicalein on the expression of glutamate receptor related protein in PC12 cells injured by Aβ 25-35. Methods:PC12 cells were divided into control group, model group, estradiol group and baicalein group with different concentrations. The survival condition of PC12 cells in each group were detected by thiazole blue (MTT). PC12 cells were divided into control group, model group, estradiol group and baicalein group. The control group and model group were cultured with DMEM medium, and the estradiol group was added with 1×10 -3 μmol/L estradiol DMEM medium, baicalein group was added with 1 μmol/L baicalein DMEM medium. After 2 hours of intervention, 20 μmol/L Aβ 25-35 was added to the model group, estradiol group and baicalein group with induced PC12 cell injury. After 22 hours of intervention, flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of PC12 cells. The expression of estrogen receptor β (ER β), phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK/JNK) and ionic receptor N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1), glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2) and calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CaMK Ⅱ) were detected by Western blot. Results:Compared with model group, 1 μmol/L baicalein significantly increased the proliferation rate [(95.80±2.47)% vs. (64.34±3.84)%]. The apoptosis rate of PC12 cells[(7.83±0.67)% vs. (12.84±0.91)%] was significantly decreased in baicalein group ( P<0.01). The expression of NMDAR1 (0.582±0.012 vs. 0.352±0.012), GluR2(0.538±0.017 vs. 0.355±0.006), ER β (0.362±0.015 vs. 0.262±0.018) in baicalein group were significantly increased ( P<0.01), the expression of p-JNK/JNK (0.476±0.013 vs. 0.752±0.014) and CaMK Ⅱ(0.499±0.019 vs. 0.670±0.016) in baicalein group were significantly decreased ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Baicalein has a protective effect on PC12 cells injured by Aβ 25-35. Its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of p-JNK/JNK activity by activating ERβ and regulating the expression of glutamate receptor related protein.