0.05).But the difference of the length between the interior side and the basal side was obvious under different visual angles(P

ObjectiveTo study the chromosome genetic changes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with double exposure to hepatitis B virus/aflatoxin B1 (HBV/AFB1) in Guangxi.Method Differences in genomic alterations in 32 patients with HCC were analyzed using comparative genomic hybridization(CGH).Results(1) The majority of chromosome copy number in the 32 HCC samples had varying degrees of change.The amplification of chromosome regions were 1q,7q,8q,with the high frequency regions being 1q,8q.The deletion of chromosome regions were 1p,4q,8p,9p,13q,14q,16p,16q,17p,18q,19p,Y,with the high frequency regions being 1p,4q,8p,16q,17p,19p;(2) There were also some high copy number amplification or deletion of small regions,such as 2p25.1-p25.2,3q22.3-q23,7p14.1-p14.3,and 9p13.2-9p21; (3) Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the rate of deletion of chromosome 13q decreased progressively in the following 4 groups:-HBsAg(+)/AFB1 (+),HBsAg(+)/AFB1 (-),HBsAg( - )/AFB1 ( + ),and HBsAg( - )/AFB1 (-) (x2=6.452,P＜0.05).4p was found mainly to be amplified in the HBsAg(+)/AFB1(-)group,but it was mainly deleted in the HBsAg(-)/AFB1(+),and HBsAg( - )/AFB1(-) groups.19q was found mainly to be amplified in the HBsAg(+)/AFB1(+) group,but it was mainly deleted in the HBsAg(-)/AFB1(+),and HBsAg(-)/AFB1(-) groups.ConclusionThe chromosome genetic changes of HCC in Guangxi showed multiplicity.The deletion of chromosome 19p,2p25.1-25.2,3q22.3-q23,7p14.1-p14.3 and amplification of chromosome 9p13.2-9p21 are probably unique genetic characteristics of HCC in this region.The combined effects of Hepatitis B virus and aflatoxin B1 may contribute to deletion of chromosome 13q of HCC in Guangxi.

OBJECTIVE:To study the improvement effect of lanthanum hydroxide on chronic renal failure (CRF) hyperphos-phatemia in rats. METHODS:CRF hyperphosphatemia rat model were induced and then randomly divided into model group,lan-thanum carbonate group [0.3 g/(kg·d)],calcium carbonate group [4.2 g/(kg·d)] and lanthanum hydroxide high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups [1.5,1,0.5 g/(kg·d)] with 10 rats in each group. They were given adenine 0.2 g/(kg·d)intragastrically in the morning,and then given relevant medicine intragastrically in the afternoon;a week later,they stopped taking adenine but con-tinued to take relevant medicine for 22 d. 10 normal rats were selected as normal control group. General examination was conduct-ed,and renal coefficient,serum contents of calcium,phosphorus,PTH,creatinine(Scr)and usea nitrogen(BUN)were detected after last medication as well as renal pathological change. RESULTS:Compared with normal control group,model group showed CRF sign,renal coefficient,the contents of phosphorus,PTH,Scr and BUN were increased,while the content of calcium was de-creased(P<0.01);renal section showed obvious pathological characteristics. Compared with model group,CRF sign of rats were improved in lanthanum carbonate group,calcium carbonate group and lanthanum hydroxide groups. The renal coefficient (except for lanthanum hydroxide high-dose group),serum contents of phosphorus(except for calcium carbonate group),PTH(except for lanthanum hydroxide low-dose group and calcium carbonate group),Scr(except for lanthanum hydroxide low-dose group and calci-um carbonate group)and BUN were all decreased,while serum content of calcium and calcium-phosphorucs product(only in calci-um carbonate group)was increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was no statistical significance in other difference. The renal sec-tion pathological characteristics were improved. CONCLUSIONS:Lanthanum hydroxide can improve renal function and reduce the level of serum phosphorus in CRF hyperphosphatemia model rats.

Objective To analyze the effects of adenohypophysis function after treating with thyrotropin releasing hormone and its clinical significance in patients with brain trauma. Methods There were 22 cases with traumatic brain injuries from July 2010 to September 2012 in Chinese people's Liberation Army nine eight hospital,after injuried within 4 to 12 hours,then 1 1 cases who were given thyrotropin-releasing hormone(TRH)were selected as experimental group,while 1 1 cases who were given the same amount of isotonic saline were selected as control group,then the score of GCS, ICS,RLS85 and the improvement of adenohypophysis function were observed. Results After treatment,the score of glasgow coma scale (GCS ), innsbruck coma scale (ICS),and the reaction level scale (RLS85)between two groups were significantly increased in three days compared with before treatment,and within three days after injury situation,the improvements of ICS and RLS85 in experimental group were better than control group(P<0.05 ). Compared with control group,the levels of each gland pituitary hormone in experimental group were significantly increased(P<0.05 ),and on the third day,the growth hormone (GH)was reduced significantly,finally 50%of that in control group. Conclusion Patients with brain injury treated with thyrotropin releasing hormone,has no significant adverse reactions,with the characteristics of safe and effective.

Objective To investigate the value of NICE classification on real-time diagnosis for neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal polyps. Methods The histological type of 107 polypoid lesions from 50 patients detected by colonoscopy was predicted by 4 endoscopic physicians using NICE classification, including 1 chief physician, 2 associate chief physician, and 1 attending physician. Taking pathological result as gold standard, the real-time diagnostic accuracy of NICE classification for neoplastic colorectal polyps was evaluated, and the differences of diagnostic accuracy between the 4 endoscopic physicians were compared. Results Among the 107 polypoid lesions, 49 were neoplastic polyps and 58 were non-neoplastic polyps. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of NICE classification on determination of the histological type of polyps were 81. 6% (40/49), 70. 0% (40/58), 74. 8% ( 80/107) , 70. 0%( 40/58) , and 81. 6%( 40/49) , respectively. There was no statistical difference on the prediction ability between the 4 physicians using NICE classification. Conclusion NICE classification is a feasible method for real-time prediction of histology type of colorectal polyps, and it is undemanding to the qualifications of physicians.

Objective To investigate the effect of comprehensive internal medical treatment including gastric endoscopy on patients with bezoar. Methods From 2010 to 2016,a retrospective study was conducted on fifty?two patients admitted to Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University. Results The main accompanying diseases were hypertension,coronary heart disease,diabetes mellitus and so on. Food that are easy to induce bezoar : banana, persimmon, hawthorn, chestnut, etc. The treatment included endoscopic treatment, intravenous proton pump suppression, and oral Coca?Cola and bicarbonate solution. The bezoar in two patients after 3 weeks of medical treatment were still not dissolved,finally surgery were performed. One patient's pathology showed early cardiac adenocarcinoma. Five patients had incomplete intestinal obstruction, after fasting and gastrointestinal decompression, and the bezoars were excreted through feces. All patients were cured without death. Conclusion Gastroscopy is a timely treatment that can help diagnose and treat gastric bezoar. The main predisposing factors include hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus and so on. Endoscopic treatment,intravenous proton pump inhibitor,sodium bicarbonate and Coca?Cola could dissolve most bezoar. We should be alert to the possibility of early cancer.

Objective:A microsurgical simulation training device based on real clinical scenes was designed and its effectiveness was tested.Methods:From January 1, 2020 to January 1, 2023, postgraduate students in the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital and the Plastic Surgery Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were enrolled in this prospective study. The simulation training device consists of four parts: (1)Blood perfusion system, which is used to simulate living animal blood vessels.(2)The inner baffling rod system, which is used to simulate the operation in deep cavity.(3) The exterior baffling rod system, which is used to simulate the operation in difficult positions.(4) A pulsating platform system is used to simulate microsurgery under the influence of respiratory movement. Preliminary verification of the effect of the simulated training device was as follows: Surgeons with no experience in microsurgery were completely randomized assigned to the control group (traditional microsurgery training group) and the experimental group (training group using the simulated training device). After 4 weeks of microsurgical training, the trainees were assigned to perform two surgical skill assessments, the first using a live animal model for end-to-end anastomosis of rat tail arteries, and the second assessment using end-to-end anastomosis of free latissimus dorsi flap arteries in a real case. The performance of the two groups was compared by using operation time and microsurgical GRS score scale including four items of dexterity, visuospatial ability, operative flow and judgment. Chi-squared test was used to analyze gender between the two groups. GRS scores between the two groups were compared by the Mann-Whitney U test. Participants’ ageand operation time between the two groups was compared by independent t-test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 18 trainees were enrolled, including 10 in the control group, 6 males and 4 females, with an average age of (27.80±1.87) years. There were 8 subjects in the experimental group, 4 males and 4 females, with an average age of (28.10±1.56) years old. There were no significant differences in age, gender and other baseline characteristics between the two groups ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in GRS score and operation time between the control group and the experimental group ( P> 0.05) in the first assessment. However, in the second assessment of real cases, the GRS score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(14.25 vs. 5.70), and the operation duration of the experimental group was also shorter than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant[(100.37±24.65 ) min vs. (105.60±22.84) min] ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with traditional microsurgery training methods, using microsurgery training devices based on clinical real scenes can effectively shorten the learning curve and enable trainees to master complex micromanipulation skills more quickly.

Objective:A microsurgical simulation training device based on real clinical scenes was designed and its effectiveness was tested.Methods:From January 1, 2020 to January 1, 2023, postgraduate students in the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital and the Plastic Surgery Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were enrolled in this prospective study. The simulation training device consists of four parts: (1)Blood perfusion system, which is used to simulate living animal blood vessels.(2)The inner baffling rod system, which is used to simulate the operation in deep cavity.(3) The exterior baffling rod system, which is used to simulate the operation in difficult positions.(4) A pulsating platform system is used to simulate microsurgery under the influence of respiratory movement. Preliminary verification of the effect of the simulated training device was as follows: Surgeons with no experience in microsurgery were completely randomized assigned to the control group (traditional microsurgery training group) and the experimental group (training group using the simulated training device). After 4 weeks of microsurgical training, the trainees were assigned to perform two surgical skill assessments, the first using a live animal model for end-to-end anastomosis of rat tail arteries, and the second assessment using end-to-end anastomosis of free latissimus dorsi flap arteries in a real case. The performance of the two groups was compared by using operation time and microsurgical GRS score scale including four items of dexterity, visuospatial ability, operative flow and judgment. Chi-squared test was used to analyze gender between the two groups. GRS scores between the two groups were compared by the Mann-Whitney U test. Participants’ ageand operation time between the two groups was compared by independent t-test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 18 trainees were enrolled, including 10 in the control group, 6 males and 4 females, with an average age of (27.80±1.87) years. There were 8 subjects in the experimental group, 4 males and 4 females, with an average age of (28.10±1.56) years old. There were no significant differences in age, gender and other baseline characteristics between the two groups ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in GRS score and operation time between the control group and the experimental group ( P> 0.05) in the first assessment. However, in the second assessment of real cases, the GRS score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(14.25 vs. 5.70), and the operation duration of the experimental group was also shorter than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant[(100.37±24.65 ) min vs. (105.60±22.84) min] ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with traditional microsurgery training methods, using microsurgery training devices based on clinical real scenes can effectively shorten the learning curve and enable trainees to master complex micromanipulation skills more quickly.

Objective:To explore whether the regular feedback system in opportunistic screening of colorectal cancer can improve the adenoma detection rate (ADR) of endoscopists.Methods:This study was an observational study, divided into three stages: the baseline stage before intervention (the pre-intervention period), the regular feedback stage (the intervention period) and the post-intervention stage (the post-intervention period). In the pre-intervention period, all patients who underwent opportunistic screening of colorectal cancer in Department of Gastroenterology in Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from June 2017 to May 2018 were reviewed, and the ADR of each endoscopist was calculated. In the intervention period from June 2018 to November 2018, colonoscopies were performed on patients for opportunistic screening of colorectal cancer by endoscopists who participated in the feedback. The ADR of each endoscopist during the previous month was calculated at the beginning of each month and feedback was provided in the form of a report. In the post-intervention period from December 2018 to January 2019, colonoscopies were performed on patients for opportunistic screening of colorectal cancer by endoscopists who participated in the feedback. The ADR of each endoscopist was calculated after the feedback stopped. ADR and polyp detection rate (PDR) of three stages were compared.Results:A total of 1 768, 1 308 and 344 patients were enrolled for opportunistic screening of colorectal cancer during the pre-intervention, the intervention and the post-intervention period respectively. Eight endoscopists participated in the whole process of this study. The total ADR increased from 23.70% (419/1 768) in the pre-intervention period to 33.72% (441/1 308) in the intervention period ( χ2=37.449, P<0.05). Two months after intervention, ADR decreased slightly to 33.14% (114/344), but was still higher compared with before ( χ2=13.602, P<0.05). The total PDR increased from 47.17% (834/1 768) in the pre-intervention period to 52.68% (689/1 308) in the intervention period ( χ2=9.111, P<0.05). Two months after the intervention, PDR increased slightly to 53.78% (185/344), and still higher compared with before ( χ2=5.035, P<0.05). Conclusion:Regular feedback to endoscopists can improve ADR in opportunistic screening of colorectal cancer.