Objective:To increase the solubility of the campher and oleum anisi stellati in the syrup of cough and reduce the precipitation of syrup.Methods: The technology of ? cyclodextrin inclusion was used in the experiment. Results: The experiment shows the method may meet the demand of production. Conclusions: The method is very good in the production of cough syrup.

Objective To assess the in vitro antimite activity of artemether against Demodex folliculorum, and to provide evidence for the use of artemether in the treatment of skin diseases caused by Demodex folliculorum infection. Methods Artemether was diluted to different concentrations(20, 10, 5 and 2.5 g/L)with peanut oil. The pH values of working solutions of artemether and peanut oil were measured. Demodex folliculorum mites were divided into several groups(32 mites in each group)to be treated with artemether(20, 10, 5 and 2.5 g/L, artemether groups) or peanut oil(control group). Results There were significant differences in the time required for killing of Demodex folliculorum among the 20?, 10?, 5?and 2.5?g/L artemether groups and control group(Median[P25-P75]:3.00[2.00-3.88]vs. 6.00[4.13- 7.25]vs. 13.00[11.63- 14.50]vs. 17.00[15.25- 20.75]vs. 34.00[23.50- 39.50]hours, H=133.954, P<0.001). Additionally, the time required for killing of Demodex folliculorum was significantly shorter in these artemether groups than in the control group(all P<0.001), and was gradually shortened with the increase of artemether concentrations, but was similar between the 10? and 20?g/L artemether groups(P > 0.05). Moreover, the pH values of working solutions of artemether and peanut oil ranged between 7.0 and 7.1, and were close to neutral. Conclusion Artemether at 20, 10, 5 and 2.5 g/L can kill Demodex folliculorum in vitro, so artemether may serve as an alternative drug for the treatment of Demodex folliculorum infection.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of intra-abdominal exposure instruments in laparoendoscopic single-port nephrectomy(LESS-N).Method From February 2012 to July 2016,61 cases of LESS-N were performed in our center.There were 34 males and 27 females with a mean age of (60.3 ± 9.4) years old (ranging 36-72 years old).There were thirty-nine cases of renal tumors and twenty two cases of nonfunctioning kidney.The patients were divided into two groups.Group A included 39 cases that underwent conventional LESS-N (22 radical nephrectomy/17 simple nephrectomy).Group B included 22 cases that underwent intra-abdominal exposure instruments assisted LESS-N (17 radical nephrectomy/5 simple nephrectomy).The perioperative and postoperative data were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Results All the procedures of these two groups were completed successfully.In Group A,four patients were added one 5 cm additional trocar and two patients were converted to open surgery.No additional trocars or conversion to open surgery were needed in Group B.For LESS radical nephrectomy,there were no significant differences of mean tumor diameter (5.7cm vs.5.4 cm,P =0.65) between two groups.The average operative time was (95.1 ± 43.9) min in Group B which was lower than that in Group A (127.4 ± 61.9) min (P ＜ 0.01).The mean renal vascular processing time was declined from (25.4 ± 10.1)rmin in Group A to (18.8 ± 8.9)min in Group B (P ＜ 0.05).The mean estimated blood loss was (128.6 ± 51.1) ml in Group A and (98.7 ±-57.6) ml in Group B (P ＜ 0.05).No severe intraoperative and postoperative complications occurred in both group.Conclusions Intra-abdominal exposure instruments are feasible and effective for LESS-N.This system may shorten the operation time,reduce the amount of bleeding and improve surgical accuracy.

Bone turnover is regulated by local concentrations of cytokines such as osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL). To explore the in vivo biological function of Opg and the mechanism of osteoporosis due to deficiency of Opg, Opg knockout mice have been generated through homologous recombination. Opg-/- mice exhibit a sharply decrease in bone density and strength as expected. The number of osteoclasts in Opg-/- mice significantly increases. Morphologically, osteoclasts appear more cuboidal in shape in Opg-/- mice than those of wt mice, suggesting that active osteoclastogenesis occurs in the absence of Opg. In consistent with this finding, an increase of osteoblast activity was also observed with accelerated mineral accumulation rate by histomorphometric measurement and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) in Opg-/- mice. Interestingly, more than 50% of 2-month-old Opg-/- mice manifest medial calcification of aorta with comparable serum concentrations of calcium and phosphorus to wt mice. In conclusion, Opg-/- mice have a high-bone-rurnover type osteoporosis. The aortic calcification in Opg-/- mice is not due to abnormality of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. The mechanism underlying aortic calcification in Opg-/- mice needs to be further investigated.

Objective To analyze the characteristics and changes of Oncomdania snail distribution in regions with different epidemic types and degrees of Jiangsu Province,so as to provide the evidence for implementing the feasible schistosomiasis control strategy.Methods A retrespeetive survey was performed,and the 5-year database of snail status in Jiangsu Province was established based on the collected reports of snail habitat cards and schistosomiasis control in Jiangsu Province from 2004 to 2008.The changes of snail areas,infected snail aroas,infection rates of snails in different years were analyzed,and tIIe annual vailations of snail areas,infected snail areas and infection rates of snails in areas with different epidemic types and degrees were eomparedI Results The actual snail areas and infected snail areas decreased by 3 799.86 hm~2 and 2 006.35 hm~2.respectively in Jiangsu Province.2006-2008.with the annual meaan decreasing rates of 9.64% and 18.83%.Among them,the actual snail areas in marshland and lake regions,water net regions and mountainous regions decreased by 3 546.10.209.19 hm~2 and 44.57 hm~2,respectively,with the annual meall decreasing rates of 9.59%,10.29% and 11.18%,respectively.An area of 22.02 hm~2 of new snail habitatswas detected during the 5 years,and thewater net regions accounted for 89.24%.Theproportions of actual snail areas in historical snail ale,as were between 2.77% and 5.36%.Among them.the proportions of actual snail areas in historical accumulative snail area8 in transmission-uncontrolled.trailsmission-controlled and transmission-interrupted areas were 13.29%-22.82%,0.88%-3.54% and 0.14%-0.32%,respectively,and there were significant differences among them(P<0.01).The constituent ratios of the actual snail areaswere 93.79%-95.60%.3.67%-5.45% and 0.73%-1.01%, respectively in marshland and lake regions,water net regions and mountainous regions from 2004 to 2008.The infection rate of snails in Jiangsu Province reduced from 0.15% in 2004 to 0.02% in 2008,with a reduction rate of 85.50%(P<0.01).The constituent ratios of infected snail areas in transmission-uncontrolled, transmission-controlled and transmission-interrupted areas were 98.15%-100%,0-0.81%, and 0-1.43%,respectively.Conclusions As a whole,there is a decreasing tendency of snail areas and infected snail areas in Jiangsu Province.and the snail control has been consohdated step by step in transmission-interrupted areas.The effective control of snails in marshland and lake regions and infected snails in transmission-uncontrolled areas are the key points in the future schistosomiasis control of Jiangsu Province.

In this paper, polyethylene glycol (PEG) of different molecular weight was grafted on the polyethylene terephthalate (PET, Dacron) films by plasma surface grafting modification. The competitive adsorption relation of plasma (fibrinogen and albumin) adsorbing on materials surface was analyzed in light of surface energy and interface free energy. The results indicated that the PET films grafted PEG long chain molecular possesses the characteristic of preferentially adsorbing albumin and this adsorption tendency of grafted PEG6000 sample is most distinct. The platelet adhesion tests of the PET films whose surfaces were pre-set in contact with fibrinogen and albumin indicated that the surface adsorbing albumin can distinctly inhibit platelet adhesion and aggregation and possess favorable blood compatibility, but the surface adsorbing fibrinogen can enhance platelet adhesion and aggregation.
Adsorption ; Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Humans ; Plasma ; Platelet Adhesiveness ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; chemistry ; Serum Albumin ; Surface Properties

In this research,enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used to assay the fibrinogen (FIG) adsorbed on the Ti-O films and on the low temperature isotropic carbon (LTIC) films which were planted in the femoral arteries of 6 mongrel dogs for six months, respectively. The Ti-O films were planted in the dogs' left femoral arteries; the LTIC films as controls were planted in the dogs' right femoral arteries. The contents adsorbed in these two kinds of films were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The quantities of FIG adhered or denatured on the Ti-O films or LTIC films determined by ELISA, and the platelets adhered on the two kinds of films examined by SEM were of significant difference between the two groups. In the blood vessel, the amount of FIG adhered on biomaterial was related to its component and construction. FIG released electron to the biomaterial and induced the unfolding of C term of the gamma-chain of FIG, and the conjugation point and effect point were exposed. In conclusion, the biomaterial, which has the capability for resisting the electron release from FIG as well as for maintaining the invariable electric condition, will have excellent hemocompatibility.
Adsorption ; Animals ; Dogs ; Fibrinogen ; metabolism ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Histocompatibility ; Molecular Conformation ; Platelet Adhesiveness ; Prostheses and Implants ; Surface Properties ; Titanium ; chemistry

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were deposited by acetylene plasma immersion ion implantation-deposition (PIII-D) on biomedical polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The capacities of Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE), Escherichia coli (EC), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and Candida albicans (CA) for adhesion to PETs are quantitatively determined by the plate counting and Gamma-ray counting of 125I radio labeled bacteria in vitro. The results indicate that the capacities of five types of bacteria for adhesion to PETs are all suppressed by C2H2 PIII-D (P<0.05). The surface energy components of the various substrates and bacteria are calculated based on measurements in water, formamide and diiodomethane and Lifshitz-van del Waals/acid-base approach (LW-AB). The surface free energies obtained are used to calculate the interfacial free energies of adhesion (deltaF(adh)) of five kinds of bacteria on various substrates, and the results show that it is energetically unfavorable for bacterial adhesion to the DLC films already deposited on PET by C2H2 PIII-D.
Bacterial Adhesion ; drug effects ; physiology ; Carbon ; chemistry ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; chemistry ; Diamond ; chemistry ; Escherichia coli ; drug effects ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; microbiology ; Materials Testing ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; chemistry ; Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; drug effects

Objective:To investigate the feasibility and safety of laparoendoscopic single-site combined with transurethral approach for unilateral retrograde nephroureterectomy in the treatment of upper urinary tract epithelial carcinoma.Methods:The clinical data of 12 patients from January 2018 to November 2019 with unilateral retrograde nephroureterectomy were analyzed retrospectively. There were 7 males and 5 females with an average age of 65.9 years, the age ranged from 50 to 78 years.There were 8 cases with left ureteral tumor, 6 cases with left renal pelvis tumor, 4 cases with right tumor(2 cases of right ureteral tumor and 2 cases of right renal pelvis tumor). Surgical methods: 1470 laser sleeve was used to remove the inner segment of the ureter bladder wall after the lower ureter was clipped through abdominal approach, and the urethra was inserted under the guidance of zebra guide wire.The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative auxiliary cannula, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative drainage tube removal time, intraoperative and postoperative complications, postoperative pathology were recorded.Results:All of the operations were successful. The mean operation time was 194(135-260)min, the mean estimated blood loss was 50(25-100) ml, and the mean hospitalization time was 11.6(5-24)d. Among the 12 patients, 8 patients had abdominal drainage tube after operation. The mean time for drainage was 6.8(3-11)d. One patient added a 5 mm ancillary port.One patient had urinary leakage at the bladder anastomotic site, the catheter was removed 3 weeks later. The other patients had no postoperative incision infection, fever, bleeding, venous thrombosis and other related complications.No patient received blood transfusion and the pathological margin was negative. The median follow-up time was 12 months (5-15 months). One patient died of lumbar metastasis 8 months after operation, and others were neither tumor recurrence nor distant metastasis.Conclusions:The application of laparoendoscopic single-site combined with transurethral approach for unilateral retrograde nephroureterectomy in the treatment of upper urinary tract epithelial carcinoma is safe, accurate and effective, with less trauma and less bleeding. It is worth applying in clinical practice.