Objective To study the technology of supercritical fluid CO_2 extraction(SFE CO_2) on urosolic acid from Cornus officinalis.Methods The effects of pressure,temperature,time,CO_2 flow rate types,and volume of entrainer on the urosolic acid extracts were studied. The optium conditions for SFE CO_2 was determined.The technology of SFE CO_2 was compared with that of traditional solvent extraction.Results The optium extraction conditions were as follows: pressure 35.0 MPa,temperature 318 K,absolute ethyl alcohol entrainer,content 4%,time 3 h and flow rate of CO_2 8 kg/h.Conclusion SFE CO_2 excels the traditional solvent extraction in yield,safety and efficiency.

Objective To establish the analytical method for the fingerprint of Flos Chrysanthemi by HPLC and estimate the quality of Flos Chrysanthemi in various species from different habitats. Methods The gradient elution mode was applied in chromatographic separation,data can be treated by competitive layer neural network(NN) and pattern recognition be made for Flos Chrysanthemi samples of various species from different habitats.Results The analytical method of fingerprint for Flos chrysanthemi by HPLC was established,samples can be classified into five categories according to the recognition result.Conclusion The established fingerprint can be used for the identification and quality control of Flos Chrysanthemi.

Objective To evaluate left liver anatomical resection via left vertical groove by laparoscope.Method Among 103 patients with left intrahepatic biliary calculi,39 cases underwent left lateral hepatectomy,20 cases did left liver anatomical resection via left vertical groove by laparoscope,29 cases underwent left lateral hepatectomy via left liver diaphragmatic surface,15 cases did left liver anatomical resection via the first porta.Result In the 103 cases of laparoscopic left liver anatomical resection,101 cases were successful and two cases were conversed to open surgery.In the success group,total laparoscopic anatomical left lateral lobectomy was performed (Ⅱ,Ⅲ section) in 68 cases.Compared with the approach via left liver falciform ligament diaphragmatic surface,the operatve time via left vertical groove was significantly shorter(t =-2.723,P =0.008,intraoperative blood loss was significantly smaller (t =-5.399,P =0.000),while the differences in postoperative hospital stay (t =-0.168,P =0.867) and postoperative complications (x2 =0.664,P =0.415) were of no statistical significance between the 2 groups.In the 33 cases of left hemihepatectomy (Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ section),those performed via left vertical groove compared with through the first porta hepatic,used shorter operation time(t =-3.144,P =0.004),while blood loss was similar(t =-1.049,P =0.302),as well as the length of hospital stay(t =0.784,P =0.439).There was no postoperative bleeding and intractable bile leakage,nor postoperative air embolism.Flatus on an average of (2.5 ± 1.2) days.Patients were discharged from hospital 5-17 (9.98 ±2.98) days post-op.96 cases were followed up in the 101 cases undergoing successful total laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy.The followed-up time were 3-52 (32.6 ± 5.7) months.Postoperative review found no residue stone.One case in first porta hepatis group,caudate lobe atrophy was found by postoperative CT.Conclusions Left liver anatomical resection via left vertical groove by laparoscope is less traumatic,quick recovery with satisfactory clinical curative effect for the treatment of left hepatolithiasis.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB)during surgery of breast cancer. MethodsRadioactive colloid and blue dye were injected intradermally around the tumor seperately before the operation and the SLN were detected first by lymph scintigraphy. SLN was detected and located using ?-finder and the blue dye. Axillary lymph node dissection(ALND)was performed routinely after the SLNB. Results Among 116 breast cancer patients,this procedure was successful in 98.3% of cases. The sensitivity, accuracy and false negative rate were 93.6%, 97.4% and 6.4%, respectively. Conclusions SLNB is a simple, safe and reliable technique.Routine ALND could be raplaced by SLNB in breast cancer patients undergoing surgery.

Objective To evaluate laparoscopic right hepatectomy through the right incisura or the right groove for hepatic benign disease.Methods This study enrolled 32 patients of hepatic benign lesions within the right lobe of the liver including hepatic hemangioma (n =7),hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia (n =2),right intra-hepatic bile duct stones (n =23) with concomitant extra-hepatic bile duct stones in 19 cases.Results Laparoscopic procedures were successful in 28 patients,while 4 patients were converted to laparotomy.Time of operation was 235 to 405 min,time for right hemihepatectomy was (305 ±41) min on average.Time for right hemihepatectomy and biliary tract exploration and removal of stones was (326 ± 48)min on average.The intraoperative blood loss was (573 ±219) ml on average.On postoperative follow-up,patients with hepatic hemangioma and focal nodular hyperplasia had no residual lesions.2 cases suffered calculus residue,residual stones were removed by repeat choledochoscopy with primary stones clearence rate of 91.3％ (21/23).Bile leakage occurred in 3 cases and pleural effusion in 7 cases.The gastrointestinal function recovered (2.8 ± 0.71) days after surgery.The hospital stay was (11.5 ± 2.98) days.28 patients were followed up for (32 ± 8) months.Conclusion The laparoscopic anatomical right hemihepatectomy through the right incisura or the right groove is a satisfactory surgical procedure.

Objective To explore the possible effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms of xueshuantong[The main active component is panax notoginseng(PNS)]on the cognitive function and neural excitability of mice with Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods The APP/PS1 mice were used as an animal model for AD research,at the stage when amyloid protein was not detected in mice(2 months of age).Mice in the xueshuantong group(APP/PS1+PNS)were administered by gavage once a day at a dose of 60 mg/kg for six months(for 8 months of age).The mice of the control group were given 0.9%sodium chloride(APP/PS1+Vehicle)intragastric treatment of the same volume,while the wild-type mice of the same age were given 0.9%sodium chloride intragastric treatment as the normal control group(WT+Vehicle)(15 mice in each group,n=15).After six months,the cognitive function of the mice was evaluated by the Novel Object Recognition(NOR)task and Morris Water Maze(MWM)test.The activity of BACE1,the distribution and expression of Nav1.1α,as well as the expression and enzymatic hydrolysis of Navβ2(Navβ2 full-length and Navβ2-CTF fragments)in cortex and hippocampus were detected by EEG,Western blot and cell surface biotinylation assay,respectively.Results The NOR task showed that compared with the mice in the APP/PS1+Vehicle group,the Discrimination index(DI)of mice in the APP/PS1 group was significantly increased after xueshuantong administration(P<0.05).The MWM test found that,the escape latency of the mice in the xueshuantong group was shortened followed six months in gastric administration(P<0.05),while the stay time in the target quadrant and the number of platforms significantly increased(P<0.05)after the removal of the platform.The results of EEG recording showed that xueshuantong reduced the frequency of spike-wave discharges in APP/PS1 mice(P<0.05).Furthermore,xueshuantong significantly reduced the expression of BACE1(P<0.05).In the APP+PNS group,the expression of Navβ2 full-length was increased(P<0.05),as well as corrected the abnormal distribution of Nav1.1α inside and outside of neurons(P<0.05).Conclusion Treatment with xueshuantong can significantly improve the learning and memory ability and correct the abnormal excitability of the brain in AD model mice.The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of BACE1 activity,the reduction of APP/PS1-induced excessive enzyme digestion of Navβ2,the correction of the abnormal expression and distribution of Nav1.1α in cortical and hippocampal neurons,as well as the subsequent regulation of neuronal excitability.

Objective To explore the improvements of high-fat intake on lung injury induced by Paragonimus proliferus infection in rats, and to preliminarily explore the mechanisms underlying the role of cytochrome P450 4A1 (CYP 4A1) in the improve ments. Methods SD rats were randomly assigned into three groups, including the normal control group (n = 10), the infection and normal diet group (n = 12) and the infection and high-fat diet group (n = 12). Rats in the normal control group were fed with normal diet and without any other treatments, and animals in the infection and normal diet group were subcutaneously injected with 8 excysted metacercariae of P. proliferus via the abdominal wall, followed by feeding with normal diet, while rats in the infection and high-fat diet group were subcutaneously injected with 8 excysted metacercariae of P. proliferus via the abdominal wall, followed by feeding with high-fat diet. All rats were sacrificed 28 weeks post-infection, and serum samples and lung specimens were collected. Following hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of rat lung specimens, the rat lung injury was observed under an optical microscope, and alveolitis was evaluated using semi-quantitative scoring. Serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the cytochrome P450 4A1 (CYP 4A1) expression was quantified in rat lung specimens at transcriptional and translational levels using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting assays. Results Alveolar wall thickening, edema and inflammatory cell infiltration were alleviated 28 weeks post-infection with P. proliferus in rats in the infection and high-fat diet group relative to the infection and normal diet group, and no alveolar consolidation was seen in the infection and high-fat diet group. The semi-quantitative score of alveolitis was significantly higher in the infection and normal diet group [(2.200 ± 0.289) points] than in the normal control group [(0.300 ± 0.083) points] and the infection and high-fat diet group [(1.300 ± 0.475) points] (both P values < 0.05), and higher serum IL-1β [(151.586 ± 20.492)] pg/mL and TNF-α levels [(180.207 ± 23.379) pg/mL] were detected in the infection and normal diet group than in the normal control group [IL-1β: (103.226 ± 3.366) pg/mL; TNF-α: (144.807 ± 1.348) pg/mL] and the infection and high-fat diet group [IL-1β: (110.131 ± 12.946) pg/mL; TNF-α: (131.764 ± 27.831) pg/mL] (all P values < 0.05). In addition, lower CYP 4A1 mRNA (3.00 ± 0.81) and protein expression (0.40 ± 0.02) was quantified in lung specimens in the infection and normal diet group than in the normal control group [(5.03 ± 2.05) and (0.84 ± 0.14)] and the infection and high-fat diet group [(11.19 ± 3.51) and (0.68 ± 0.18)] (all P values < 0.05). Conclusion High-fat intake may alleviate lung injuries caused by P. proliferus infection in rats through up-regulating CYP 4A1 expression in lung tissues at both translational and transcriptional levels.